CALA在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化及酶学特性研究

将南极假丝酵母脂肪酶A(cala)基因克隆至组成型表达载体pGAPZαA中,电激转入X-33,获得高效表达的CALA酵母工程菌株.发酵液上清经超滤浓缩、硫酸铵沉淀和阴离子交换层析等步骤,获得纯化的重组CALA,其比酶活达384.90 U/mg.该酶最适温度为70℃,最适pH值为8.0.经50℃保温2 h,仍含有60%水解酶活力;在pH7.0和8.0溶液中比较稳定.经DMSO处理1 h,仍保持90%的活性;非离子型表面活性剂能提高CALA的酶活,金属离子在不同程度上抑制CALA的酶活.     

亮白曲霉乳糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将克隆的亮白曲霉 (Aspergilluscandidus)乳糖酶基因lacb′插入到毕赤酵母 (Pichiapastoris)高效表达载体pPIC9中 ,与分泌信号肽序列α_因子融合 ,通过同源重组将lacb′整合到酵母染色体上。通过SDS_PAGE检测和表达产物的酶活性筛选 ,得到重组转化子 ,证明乳糖酶获得有效分泌和高效表达。表达的乳糖酶为糖蛋白 ,表观分子量为 130kD ,脱糖基后的蛋白分子量下降为 110kD。经过 5L小罐高密度发酵 ,重组酵母中酶蛋白表达量为 6mg mL发酵液 ,每毫升发酵液中乳糖酶的活力为 36 0 0U ,高于目前国内外报道的水平。进一步研究了表达产物的酶学性质 ,该酶最适pH为 5 . 2 ,最适反应温度 6 0℃ ,比活性为 70 6 . 5± 2 . 6U mg ,Km为 1 7mmol L ,Vmax为 3. 3μmol min。与米曲霉ATCC 2 0 4 2 3的乳糖酶相比 ,该乳糖酶具热稳定性强、比活性高、pH范围宽等特点。     

纤维二糖差向异构酶在毕赤酵母中的表达及酶学性质研究

首先将来源于Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus的纤维二糖差向异构酶基因CsCEm进行密码子优化,然后进行全基因合成,再将其引入到载体pPIC9K中,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-CsCEm并转化入毕赤酵母GS115,得到酵母工程菌株.经微孔板筛选、摇瓶筛选得到酶活最高的重组工程茵GS115-4-19.该菌株经甲醇诱导144 h后,摇瓶发酵液上清酶活达到0.42 U/mL.酶学性质研究结果表明:该酶的最适pH为7.5,且在pH 6.0 ～8.0范围内相对酶活都在80％以上;在pH 4～9的缓冲液中放置24 h后仍保持原酶活力的80％以上;最适温度为80℃,在60℃～80℃保温30 min后,相对酶活在80％以上.动力学研究结果表明该酶对底物乳糖的Km和Vmax分别为(120.27±9.96) mmol/L和(1.035±0.05) mmol/L/min.纤维二糖差向异构酶在毕赤酵母中的成功表达为生物酶法合成乳果糖提供了重要参考.     

马铃薯α-淀粉酶在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化及其酶学性质的研究

采用RT-PCR法扩增马铃薯夏波蒂的α-淀粉酶成熟肽基因,将其亚克隆至毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9k上,SacII线性化重组表达载体,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞,构建重组酵母GS115/pPIC9k-amy,利用锥虫蓝法筛选获得高活性转化子(GSamyA5),以终浓度为0.5%甲醇诱导该重组菌表达α-淀粉酶,通过Ni~(2+)-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化,并对其酶学性质进行研究。结果表明:该酶的最适反应温度为45℃,40~50℃酶活较稳定,保温50 min,残留相对活力达92.6%;最适反应pH值为6.0,并在pH 6.0~7.0范围内酶活保持稳定。Ca~(2+)、K~+可促进酶反应,以Ca~(2+)影响为最,相对酶活力提高到125%;Cu~(2+),Fe~(2+),Fe~(2+),Zn~(2+)对该酶有显著抑制作用;Mn~(2+),Mg~(2+)对酶有微弱抑制作用,Li~+、Na~+对酶活影响不大。     

米曲霉酸性蛋白酶基因在毕赤酵母中的异源表达及酶学性质

酸性蛋白酶作为一类重要的天冬氨酸蛋白酶,被广泛应用于食品、医药和皮革等领域。为推动酸性蛋白酶的研究及应用,通过对发酵豆制品样品进行宏基因组测序,从中获得米曲霉酸性蛋白酶基因pepA,在毕赤酵母GS115中进行异源表达,并对重组酶PepA进行酶学性质分析。结果显示毕赤酵母发酵上清液中酸性蛋白酶的活性为50.62 U/mL。SDS-PAGE验证PepA的分子量约为50 kDa,且发酵上清液几乎无杂蛋白。PepA的最适pH值为4.5,最适温度为50℃,Mn~(2+)和Cu~(2+)对其具有激活作用,而Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)与Ca~(2+)则具有抑制作用。上述研究结果可为米曲霉酸性蛋白酶的异源表达及其相关工业应用提供指导。     

重组人肝素酶在毕赤酵母中的表达

目的:建立肝素酶表达系统,大量制备人肝素酶,用于肝素酶的深入研究,及其抑制剂筛选模型的建立。方法:采用RT-PCR方法从肝癌细胞HepG2中克隆肝素酶全长cDNA,转入毕赤酵母表达体系,经甲醇诱导表达。结果:四唑蓝活性检测结果表明,表达产物具有肝素酶活性;Western印迹证实表达产物可被肝素酶抗体识别。结论:表达产物中含具有肝素酶活性的重组人肝素酶。     

桔青霉木聚糖酶基因克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性分析

通过同源序列PCR克隆的方法,获得桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum)CR-2菌株的木聚糖酶编码基因xyl,该基因全长984 bp,编码327个氨基酸,无内含子序列,具有完整开放阅读框。其编码的氨基酸序列N端具有一段包含19个氨基酸的信号肽序列,并具有糖基水解酶第10家族(GH10)的保守催化域特征,推测该酶属于第10家族成员。将该基因与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9相连接构建重组载体pPIC9-XYL,电击转化至毕赤酵母GS115菌株中。挑选阳性重组子经测序、酶活性以及SDS电泳分析表明,xyl基因成功在毕赤酵母中分泌表达,重组酶活性可达214.15 IU/mL。该重组酶最适温度与最适pH分别为50℃和4.5,且具有良好的pH和热稳定性。     

短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酶母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将短小芽孢杆菌HB030的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K,得到重组质粒pH-BM220,将pHBM220经酶切后分别转化三株毕赤酵母KM71、GS115、SMD1168,该木聚糖酶基因在三株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达,将重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）,GS115（pHBM220),GS115(pHBM220),SMD1168（pHBM220）分别诱导产酶,对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三的最适反应pH值约为5.5,最适反应温度约为60℃,在其最适反应条件下测得三粗酶液酶活分别为10.80IU/mL,11.63IU/mL,9.68IU/mL,重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）所产酶的热稳定性较好,而在pH稳定性方面三没有太大的差异。     

短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将短小芽孢杆菌HB030的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9k上,得到重组质粒pHBM220,将pHBM220经酶切后分别转化三株毕赤酵母KM71、GS115、SMD1168,该木聚糖酶基因在三株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达。将重组毕赤酵母KM71(pHBM220)、GS115(pHBM220)、SMD1168(pHBM220)分别诱导产酶,对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三者的最适反应pH值约为5.5,最适反应温度约为60℃。在其最适反应条件下测得三者粗酶液酶活分别为10.80IU/mL,11.63IU/mL,9.68IU/mL。重组毕赤酵母KM71(pHBM220)所产酶的热稳定性较好,而在pH稳定性方面三者没有太大的差异。     

皮蝇素C蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达及纯化

利用PCR技术从重组质粒pGEM-T/HC中扩增HCcDNA片段,克隆到pPIC9k毕赤酵母表达载体中,获得重组质粒pPIC9k-HC,重组质粒线性化后电激转化入毕赤酵母GS115菌株中,重组子经G418筛选、PCR鉴定得到含外源基因的重组子,然后在含0.5%甲醇的培养基中诱导产生目的蛋白,经SDS-PAGE检测发现表达蛋白质的相对分子量约为28kD,表达量约为121mg/L,表达上清经超滤浓缩和阴离子交换层析初步纯化,所得纯化产物经Western-blot表明具有与兔抗HC血清特异性结合的能力;明胶电泳检测显示具有水解酶活性,为今后进行大规模的牛皮蝇蛆病的调查提供了一种生产大量廉价抗原的方法。     

High expression of Trigonopsis variabilis -amino acid oxidase in Pichia pastoris

To explore a new approach of high expression of -amino acid oxidase (DAAO) in Pichia pastoris, a gene encoding DAAO from Trigonopsis variabilis (TvDAAO gene) deleted intron was prepared by PCR amplification and cloned into the intracellular expression vector pPIC3.5K. The expression plasmid pPIC3.5K-DAAO linearized by SalI was transformed into Pichia pastoris strain GS115 (his⁻mut⁺). By means of MM and MD plates and PCR, the recombinant P. pastoris strains (his⁺mut⁺) were obtained. Activity assay and SDS-PAGE demonstrated that DAAO was intracellularly expressed in P. pastoris with the induction of methanol. The recombinant strain PD27 with the highest expression of DAAO was screened through activity assay and its high-density fermentation was carried out in a 1-l fermentor. Activity assay and SDS-PAGE demonstrated that DAAO was intracellularly expressed in P. pastoris with the induction of methanol. The recombinant cells with high expression of DAAO were screened and the high-density fermentation was carried out in a 1-l fermentor. Interestingly, the DAAO expression level reached up to 473 U/g dry cell weight in fermentation yield. Finally, 1-hexanol was used to break recombinant cells and the specific activity of DAAO was 1.46 U/mg protein in crude extraction.     

Comparison of two expression platforms in respect to protein yield and quality: Pichia pastoris versus Pichia angusta

The methylotrophic yeasts Pichia pastoris and Pichia angusta (Hansenula polymorpha) were used for the comparative heterologous production of two model mammalian proteins of pharmaceutical interest, the NK1-fragment (22 kDa) of human hepatocyte growth factor and the extracellular domain (28 kDa) of mouse tissue factor (MTF). Both recombinant proteins were engineered to contain an N-terminal Strep- (WSHPQFEK) and a C-terminal His₆-tag. In addition, both proteins contained the pre-pro-sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating factor alpha to allow secretion. Following vector construction, transformation and zeocin amplification, the best Pichia producers were identified in a screening procedure using Western blot and a Luminex xMAP™ based high-throughput method. Recombinant NK1-fragment and MTF were purified from culture supernatants of the best producers by affinity chromatography (Ni–nitrilotriacetic acid columns). Using P. pastoris as a host for the synthesis of NK1-fragment a protein yield of 5.7 mg/l was achieved. In comparable expression experiments P. angusta yielded 1.6 mg/l of NK1-fragment. NK1-fragment apparently was not glycosylated in either system. For the production of MTF, P. pastoris was also the superior host yielding 1.2 mg/l glycosylated recombinant protein whereas P. angusta was clearly less efficient (<0.2 mg/l MTF). For both expression systems no correlation between the amount of recombinant protein and the copy number of the chromosomally integrated heterologous genes was found. In P. pastoris strains less degradation of the two model recombinant proteins was observed. Altogether, this paper provides a structured protocol for rapidly identifying productive Pichia strains for the synthesis of full-length recombinant proteins.     

High level expression and purification of active recombinant human interleukin-8 in Pichia pastoris

Human interleukin-8 (hIL-8) is a member of interleukin family which functions as a chemotactic factor as well as an angiogenesis mediator. Previously, a study reported that hIL-8 could be purified from inclusion bodies using a prokaryotic expression system, however, the required re-naturation step limits the recovery of fully active protein. In this study, soluble recombinant hIL-8 was expressed as a secreted protein at high level in Pichia pastoris under the control of AOX1 (alcohol oxidase 1) promoter. A simple purification strategy was established to recover rhIL-8 from the fermentation supernatant. The process includes precipitation with 80% saturation ammonium sulfate and CM Sepharose ion exchange chromatography, yielding 30 mg/L purified rhIL-8 at over 95% purity. The obtained rhIL-8 displays high specific activity, stimulating the migration of mouse neutrophils at concentrations as low as 0.25 ng/mL. Our results demonstrate that P. pastoris expression system is an efficient tool for large-scale manufacture of active recombinant hIL-8 for various applications.     

High-level expression and characterization of Fusarium solani cutinase in Pichia pastoris

High-level extracellular production of Fusarium solani cutinase was achieved using a Pichia pastoris expression system. The cutinase-encoding gene was cloned into pPICZαA with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-factor signal sequence and methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase promoter by two different ways. The additional sequences of the c-myc epitope and (His)₆-tag of the vector were fused to the C-terminus of cutinase, while the other expression vector was constructed without any additional sequence. P. pastoris expressing the non-tagged cutinase exhibited about two- and threefold higher values of protein amount and cutinase activity in the culture supernatant, respectively. After simple purification by diafiltration process, both cutinases were much the same in the specific activity and the biochemical properties such as the substrate specificity and the effects of temperature and pH. In conclusion, the high-level secretion of F. solani cutinase in P. pastoris was demonstrated for the first time and would be a promising alternative to many expression systems previously used for the large-scale production of F. solani cutinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as Escherichia coli.     

卡氏德巴利酵母植酸酶在毕赤酵母中的异源表达及优化

【背景】植酸是一种能螯合金属离子和蛋白质的有机磷类化合物,广泛存在于植物组织中,影响动物对营养元素的吸收。在饲料中加入植酸酶可有效降解植酸。【目的】构建毕赤酵母异源表达卡氏德巴利酵母(Debaryomyces castellii,D. castellii)植酸酶的菌株,促进卡氏德巴利酵母植酸酶的研究及工业应用。【方法】将卡氏德巴利酵母植酸酶基因进行密码子优化后转入毕赤酵母GS115中,通过筛选多拷贝、敲除蛋白酶、过表达分子伴侣及转运蛋白的方法获取优势菌株。【结果】所得重组菌株GS115/DCphy(ΔPep4)(BFR2)的产酶酶活是低拷贝菌株的7倍。【结论】研究结果为卡氏德巴利酵母植酸酶的异源表达及潜在工业应用提供了一定的指导。     

High yield and purification of recombinant human apolipoprotein E3 in Pichia pastoris

Apolipoprotein E3 (ApoE3) is an important apolipoprotein in plasma and plays a critical role in lipid transport and cholesterol homeostasis. As the only natural source of this protein, human blood cannot provide large-scale ApoE3 for research and applications. Therefore, in our study, a Pichia pastoris expression system was first used to obtain a high-level expression of secreted, recombinant human ApoE3 (rhApoE3).The full-length sequence encoding ApoE3, gained by RT-PCR, was inserted into the pPICZαC vector and transformed into P. pastoris strain X33, and then the high expression transformants with zeocin resistance were obtained. The growth conditions of the transformant strains were optimized in 50 ml conical tubes including pH and inducing time. After induction with methanol, the expression level of rhApoE3 was 120 mg/L in 80 L fermentor. RhApoE3 was purified more than 94% purity using SP Sepharose ion exchange chromatography and source™ 30RPC. A preliminary biochemical characterization of purified rhApoE3 was performed by analyzing the ability of inhibiting PDGF-induced proliferation of rat coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and the results demonstrated that the function of purified rhApoE3 was similar to natural human ApoE3.     

豆血红蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达条件优化

【背景】豆血红蛋白可赋予素肉制品类似牛肉的红褐色质地,已被美国食品药物监督管理局批准作为人造素肉的着色剂,近年来受到广泛关注。【目的】优化毕赤酵母产豆血红蛋白的培养条件,提高毕赤酵母产豆血红蛋白的产量。【方法】首先通过单因素试验研究蛋白胨种类、大豆蛋白胨浓度、铁盐种类及血红素浓度在诱导阶段对毕赤酵母产豆血红蛋白的影响;然后通过Plackett-Burman试验设计筛选出对豆血红蛋白产量影响最大的3个因素,再通过最陡爬坡法确定3个因素的变化范围,对3个因素进行响应面分析;最后根据响应面结果进行摇瓶发酵和发酵罐高密度发酵。【结果】单因素试验发现：用4%大豆蛋白胨作为主要氮源、甲醇诱导浓度为1.5%、血红素浓度为5μmol/L时发酵效果较好,经过响应面优化后得到蛋白胨浓度为51.48 g/L、pH 5.66、培养基装液量35.84mL/250mL是最优发酵条件。在此优化条件下,LegH摇瓶发酵产量为0.191 mg/mL,与预测值(0.183 mg/mL)比较接近。采用5 L发酵罐进行高密度发酵,LegH产量最高达到0.384 mg/mL。【结论】优化了毕赤酵母表达豆血红蛋白的发酵条件,获得...     

用于异源基因表达的毕赤酵母启动子研究进展

甲醇营养型毕赤酵母是一个广泛使用的蛋白表达宿主系统,易于高密度发酵、具有真核细胞翻译后加工修饰特点,适于异源蛋白分泌表达。转录调控是控制蛋白高效表达的关键环节,启动子是其中重要的元件。毕赤酵母表达系统中应用最为广泛的是甲醇诱导型AOX1启动子和组成型的GAP启动子,已成功用于一些异源蛋白的表达。近年来,发现了其他一些可供利用的启动子,包括来自管家基因的启动子如TEF、PGK1,以及具有特殊调控机制的启动子如FLD、PHO89等。此外,通过对启动子进行序列改造,构建启动子文库,实现了对启动子的精细调控。不同的启动子具有各自独特的调控机制与特点,就毕赤酵母启动子在异源蛋白表达应用中的相关研究进展进行综述。     

Optimization for high-level expression of the Pichia guilliermondii recombinant inulinase in Pichia pastoris and characterization of the recombinant inulinase

The inulinase gene cloned from the marine-derived yeast Pichia guilliermondii strain 1 was expressed in Pichia pastoris X-33 and the conditions for overexpression of the inulinase were optimized. After the optimization of the conditions for production of the recombinant inulinase, 286.8 ± 5.4 U/ml and 8873 ± 55.3 U/mg of the recombinanat inulinase in the supernatant of the culture of 2-l fermentor were attained at 120 h of the fermentation and fermentation efficiency was 13.04 μg ± 0.4 of protein/ml/d. The recombinant inulinase was purified and characterized. The molecular weight of the purified recombinant inulinase was 57.6 kDa, which was higher than that of the native iunlinase. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified recombinant inulinase were 6.0 and 60 °C, respectively. Other biochemical characteristics of the purified recombinant inulinase were the same as those of the native inulinase produced by the marine-derived P. guilliermondii strain 1. The purified recombinant inulinase also had high exoinulinase activity. Therefore, the recombinant inulinase may have highly potential applications in food and pharmaceutical industies.     

Secreted expression of pseudozymogen forms of recombinant matriptase in Pichia pastoris

Matriptase is a transmembrane serine protease expressed in vertebrates. This enzyme is synthesized as a zymogen form and is converted to an active form by cleavage at the N-terminus of the serine protease catalytic domain. In a mammalian cell-based expression system, we have produced pseudozymogen forms of recombinant matriptase (r-matriptase) that are activated by cleavage with a recombinant enterokinase (r-EK) in vitro. In the present study, four different pseudozymogen forms of r-matriptase containing a site for activation by r-EK and a hexahistidine tag (His₆-tag) were expressed in and secreted by Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast. The pseudozymogens with His₆-tag at their C-termini formed multimers linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds. After treatment with r-EK, they exhibited no detectable hydrolytic activity toward a chromogenic substrate. A pseudozymogen form of matriptase catalytic domain with N-terminal His₆-tag (designated His₆t-S-CD) was secreted as a monomer. His₆t-S-CD after r-EK treatment exhibited activity comparable to that of the activated form of an r-matriptase expressed in mammalian cells. His₆t-S-CD could be purified from culture medium in milligram quantities. The expression in the yeast offers an efficient method of producing larger amounts of r-matriptase.