解淀粉芽孢杆菌生防菌BS-3全基因组测序及生物信息分析

【背景】解淀粉芽孢杆菌BS-3是从健康橡胶树树根中分离获得的一株对真菌具有较强抗菌活性的内生细菌,有作为生物农药的潜力。【目的】解析菌株BS-3的基因组序列信息,以深入研究该菌株防病促生机制及挖掘次级代谢产物基因资源。【方法】采用第二代BGISEQ与第三代Pac Bio平台相结合的测序技术,对生防菌BS-3进行全基因组测序,并对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测与功能注释、共线性分析及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测等。【结果】BS-3全基因组大小为3 870 130 bp,平均GC含量为46.88%,共编码4 161个基因;含有92个t RNA基因、28个r RNA、10个sRNA;含有122个串联重复序列、98个小卫星DNA、2个微卫星。在COG、GO、KEGG、NR和Swiss-Prot数据库分别注释到基因2 875、2 620、1 885、4 040和3 328个。同时,预测到BS-3中有10个次级代谢产物合成基因簇,编码表面活性素、丰原素、多烯类、儿茶酚型嗜铁素等抑菌物质。基因组测序数据提交至NCBI获得GenBank登录号为CP060384。【结论】为基因组层面上解析菌株BS-3具有良好防病效果的内在原因提供基础数据,为深入了解解淀粉芽孢杆菌次级代谢合成途径提供参考信息,对菌株BS-3后续相关研究具有重要意义。     

基因组分析揭示拟茎点霉XP-8产松脂醇及其糖苷等多种次级代谢产物的合成途径

【目的】通过解析拟茎点霉属XP-8的基因组序列信息,揭示该菌株潜在的代谢途径,并分析松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的关键基因。【方法】使用Illumina Hi Seq 2500高通量测序平台对拟茎点霉XP-8菌株进行全基因组测序,并通过不同软件对测序数据进行序列拼接,基因预测与功能注释。【结果】组装后的拟茎点霉XP-8基因组大小为55.2 Mb,GC含量53.5%,含有17094个蛋白编码基因和310个非编码基因。获得了松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的基因。系统发育分析揭示出拟茎点霉XP-8与5种子囊菌共有12635个同源基因和5626个基因家族。【结论】拟茎点霉XP-8具有用于合成松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等多种次级代谢物的基因组基础,为下一步的代谢工程改造提供依据。     

枯草芽孢杆菌N2-10的基因组测序和比较基因组分析

【背景】枯草芽孢杆菌N2-10是一株具有较强抑菌能力且能产纤维素酶等多种水解酶的革兰氏阳性菌,在发酵饲料中具有较大的应用潜力。【目的】通过获得枯草芽孢杆菌N2-10的全基因组序列信息,进一步解析菌株次级代谢产物合成基因信息,并通过比较基因组学分析菌株N2-10与模式菌株的差异性,为阐明N2-10抑菌和益生机制提供理论基础。【方法】通过二代Illumina NovaSeq联合三代PacBio Sequel测序平台,对菌株N2-10进行全基因组测序,将测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测与功能注释,并利用比较基因组学分析N2-10与其他菌株的差异。【结果】菌株N2-10基因组大小为4 036 899 bp,GC含量为43.88%;共编码4 163个编码基因,所有编码基因总长度为3594369bp,编码区总长度占基因组总长度的89.04%;含有85个tRNA、10个5S rRNA、10个16S rRNA、10个23S rRNA,以及2个CRISPR-Cas、1个前噬菌体和6个基因岛;在GO (gene ontolog)、COG (clusters of orthologous groups of...     

茎瘤芥根际一株产紫色杆菌素杜擀氏菌的分离鉴定及其基因组分析

【目的】对茎瘤芥根际微生物进行分离鉴定,分析微生物菌群构成,选择具有优良特性的菌株,评估其次级代谢产物合成能力,为茎瘤芥根际微生物多样性和菌种资源的挖掘利用奠定基础。【方法】采集重庆市涪陵区二渡村和邓家村的茎瘤芥根,分离培养根际微生物菌株,通过菌株形态观察和看家基因的序列分析,对菌株进行初步鉴定、归类和保存。选择具有优良性状的菌株,利用Pacbio RS II和Illumina HiSeq平台完成全基因组测序,通过antiSMASH分析评估其次级代谢产物合成潜力,克隆目的基因簇并进行异源表达和产物鉴定。【结果】分离得到256株微生物,初步鉴定120株;从中鉴定了一株产紫色杆菌素的杜擀氏菌BjR8,完成了基因组测序及分析,发现该菌基因组为一条环状染色体,全长7 205 593 bp,GC含量为64.67%,含有6 241个编码基因。生物信息学分析发现基因组含有9个次级代谢产物生物合成基因簇,其中7个基因簇与已知化合物编码基因簇同源性较低,说明该菌具有产生多种新型次级代谢产物的潜力;克隆得到紫色杆菌素生物合成基因簇,并在变铅青链霉菌TK23中完成了异源表达。【结论】从茎瘤芥根际分离得到25...     

雄烯二酮高产菌新金分枝杆菌MN4的全基因组测序及序列分析北大核心CSCD

【目的】新金分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium neoaurum)MN4是1株经诱变育种获得的高产雄烯二酮,并且能够耐受高浓度底物植物甾醇的突变菌株。为深入研究MN4菌株耐底物的机制及雄烯二酮的生物合成途径,有必要解析MN4菌株的全基因组序列信息。【方法】本研究采用高通量测序技术对MN4进行全基因组测序,然后使用相关软件对测序数据进行基因组装、基因预测与功能注释、COG聚类分析以及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测等。【结果】新金分枝杆菌MN4基因组装获得33个Contigs,整个基因组大小为5.39 Mb,GC含量为66.9%,编码4920个蛋白基因,序列提交至Gen Bank数据库,登录号为JXYZ00000000。【结论】本研究首次报道了1株高产雄烯二酮菌株MN4的全基因组序列,分析了基因组的基本特征,初步解析了该菌株降解植物甾醇生产雄烯二酮的关键基因,将为MN4的功能基因组学研究及相关次级代谢产物的生物合成途径与异源表达研究提供基础。     

肌苷生产菌枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952的全基因组测序及序列分析

摘要:【目的】枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952是一株肌苷工业生产菌株。为深入研究ATCC 13952菌株积累肌苷的分子机制以及为进一步分子育种研究提供序列背景信息,有必要解析ATCC 13952菌株的基因组序列信息。【方法】本研究采用高通量测序和Sanger测序相结合对ATCC 13952菌株进行全基因组测序,然后使用相关软件对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测与功能注释、GO/COG 聚类分析、共线性分析等。【结果】枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952整个基因组大小为3876276 bp,GC含量为45.8%,序列已提交至GenBank 数据库,登录号为CP009748。比较基因组及嘌呤代谢相关基因分析结果显示:枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952与其他几株芽孢杆菌具有较好的基因组共线性关系,嘌呤代谢相关基因编码的蛋白与标准菌株比较发生了一些缺失和突变。【结论】本研究首次报道了一株肌苷生产菌枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC 13952的全基因组序列,分析了基因组基本特征,初步探讨了该菌株积累肌苷的分子机制,为后续的进一步分子育种提供了理论基础。     

东乡野生稻内生放线菌Streptomyces sp. PRh5的全基因组测序及序列分析

【目的】Streptomyces sp. PRh5是从东乡野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)中分离获得的一株对细菌和真菌都具有较强抗菌活性的内生放线菌。为深入研究PRh5菌株抗菌机制及挖掘次级代谢产物基因资源,有必要解析PRh5菌株的基因组序列信息。【方法】采用高通量测序技术对PRh5菌株进行全基因组测序,然后使用相关软件对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测与功能注释、直系同源簇(COG)聚类分析、共线性分析及次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测等。【结果】基因组组装获得290 contigs,整个基因组大小约11.1 Mb,GC含量为71.1%,序列已提交至GenBank数据库,登录号为JABQ00000000。同时,预测得到50个次级代谢产物合成基因簇。【结论】将为Streptomyces sp. PRh5的功能基因组学研究及相关次级代谢产物的生物合成途径与异源表达研究提供基础。     

鸡源暹罗芽孢杆菌CML548的益生特性及全基因组分析

【背景】芽孢杆菌是用于动物微生态制剂的重要菌株之一。暹罗芽孢杆菌因具有较强的抑菌活性,近年来受到广泛关注。【目的】对实验室前期分离的鸡源暹罗芽孢杆菌CML548的益生特性进行评价,通过全基因组测序及生物信息学分析,探究其抑菌及潜在的益生机制。【方法】通过牛津杯法、稀释涂布平板法分别对菌株CML548的抑菌和产酶特性、酸和胆盐的耐受性进行研究。使用IlluminaHiSeq2500测序平台进行全基因组测序,并通过多种生物信息学工具和数据库对基因组进行注释和分析。【结果】体外实验表明该菌株具有优良的益生性状：能够有效抑制致病性大肠杆菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、产气荚膜梭菌的生长;能够同时产生蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶;具有较高的酸和胆盐耐受性。全基因组测序分析表明菌株CML548的基因组大小为4061741bp,GC含量为46.07%,预测到3 961个编码基因。分别有1 693、2 704、3 413、186、67、1、5个基因被GO、KEGG、COG、CAZy、DBAASP、CARD、VFDB数据库注释;通过antiSMASH预测到16个与次级代谢产物合成相关的基因簇。此外,还发现其含有抗菌活性...     

出芽短梗霉菌株PA-2全基因组测序及分析

【背景】出芽短梗霉菌株PA-2是一株分离自青海省海东市平安区患病杨树叶片上的真菌,前期研究表明该菌株具有除草和抑菌能力,说明其在生物农药方面具有潜在的应用前景。【目的】了解菌株PA-2的基因组序列信息,挖掘其生防相关功能基因簇,为进一步研究解析该菌株生防机理及生防功能改造提供遗传背景信息。【方法】利用IlluminaHiSeq高通量测序平台对生防菌株PA-2进行全基因组测序,用生物信息学的方法对测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测及功能注释、碳水化合物活性酶预测、次级代谢产物合成基因簇预测,利用刚果红染色等方法对水解酶活性进行衡量。【结果】菌株PA-2基因组序列全长28 932 793 bp,平均GC含量为50%,共编码10 839个基因,预测到该菌株具有4个已知的次级代谢产物合成基因簇,编码Melanin、Burnettramic Acid A、ACR-Toxin I、Abscisic Acid,该菌株能水解纤维素和果胶。【结论】有助于在基因组层面上解析菌株PA-2生防机制的内在原因,为深入了解出芽短梗霉菌次级代谢物合成途径提供参考,对菌株PA-2的下一步相关研究具有重要意义。     

菌株YN145对稻瘟病菌黑色素合成的影响及全基因组分析

【背景】枯草芽孢杆菌YN145是一株从湖南省桃江县的健康稻株中分离的细菌,前期研究中该菌对稻瘟病菌拮抗效果显著,在生物防治方面有很大的应用潜力。【目的】深入研究该菌株的生防机制并挖掘次级代谢产物基因资源。【方法】在4株稻瘟病菌生防菌中,选择其胞外抗菌物质抑制稻瘟病菌黑色素合成效果最佳的菌株YN145,采用紫外-可见分光光度计在波长400 nm处测定胞外和菌丝体内黑色素液的吸光度值,采用菌丝生长抑制平板法和分生孢子萌发抑制法测定抑菌活性。采用PacBio第三代测序和IlluminaHiSeq第二代测序相结合的技术对菌株YN145进行全基因组测序,并对测序数据进行组装,注释预测基因的功能,分析次级代谢产物合成基因簇。【结果】菌株YN145的胞外抗菌物质能较好地抑制稻瘟病菌黑色素合成、分生孢子萌发和菌丝生长。菌株YN145全基因组大小为4 167 871 bp,GC含量为43.86%,编码序列(coding sequence, CDS)数量为4 294个;共找到85个tRNA、30个rRNA和92个sRNA。同时预测到5个已知的次级代谢产物合成基因簇,分别编码合成bacillaene、bac...     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.

     

Demographic characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus)

Synopsis In a fourteen month study (May 1976 – June 1977) I examined the following characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus) in Morro Bay, California, U.S.A.: annual and seasonal patterns of abundance, age composition and growth rates, survivorship and mortality patterns, and the reproductive cycle for female gobies. Fishes were collected with the aid of quinaldine and otoliths and ovaries removed. Age and growth rates were estimated from otolith annuli using a back calculation formula and a Brody-Bertalanffy growth curve. Mortality rates were derived using the methods of Heincke (1913), Robson & Chapman (1960), mean age, and a catch curve (Ricker 1975). A gonad index was used to describe the annual reproductive cycle. Results indicated that abundance fluctuated seasonally and that these fluctuations appeared to be caused by reproductive emigrations. Bay gobies reached an age of 7+ and a standard length of 87 mm. Growth was relatively constant (6 mm yr⁻¹) until age 5, at which point it began to decline. The mean rates of survivorship, mortality, and instantaneous mortality were 0.75, 0.25, and 0.29 respectively. Mortality rates for individual age classes ranged from 0.13 to 0.51 and increased with age. This stock appears to reproduce mainly during the winter.     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.