首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
简单重复序列广泛存在于多种生物基因组中,其生物学意义越来越受到人们的重视.许多简单重复序列易于扩增变长,某些重复序列的异常延伸是造成一些遗传疾病的直接原因.本研究以20 nt的60种四重复和6种二重复序列单链为模板,系统研究了它们在嗜热DNA聚合酶作用下等温扩增的特点.电泳结果显示,多数单链模板能扩增变长,即使链内没有互补碱基的序列也可被扩增,如(AGGA)5.定量分析结果显示:回文序列扩增最快;二重复序列比相同碱基组成的四重复序列有更宽的适于扩增的温度范围;G和C含量多的DNA较G和C含量少的序列更易扩增,而且G和C含量越多越适于在较高的温度下扩增;重复单位含两相同嘧啶的链多数比其互补链更易扩增;产物浓度与时间基本呈线性关系.限制性酶切产物结果显示,扩增产物与模板具有相同的重复单位,是重复序列的简单延伸.最后,根据实验结果和相关文献,提出了包括链内滑动扩增和发卡DNA介导扩增两阶段的重复序列单链扩增模型,以对重复序列非特异扩增和相关疾病发生机制的研究提供参考.  相似文献   

2.
三核苷酸重复与神经系统遗传病的关系引起了许多科研工作者的关注,介绍了近年来与三核苷酸重复相关的神经系统遗传病致病基因克隆的研究进展,并对其可能的致病机理作了综述.  相似文献   

3.
吕柯孬  潘学峰 《遗传》2021,(9):835-848
三核苷酸重复DNA序列扩增或缺失不稳定性与50多种人类神经退行性疾病有关.与疾病相关的三核苷酸重复拷贝数的增加或减少,影响了特定基因的表达,或因之产生具有细胞毒性的RNA和蛋白质已成为相关疾病的共有病理机制.现有的研究表明,疾病相关的三核苷酸重复拷贝数的改变有可能起因于相关三核苷酸重复DNA序列的异常DNA复制、修复、...  相似文献   

4.
潘学峰 《遗传学报》2006,33(1):1-11
与三核苷酸重复序列CAG.CTG、CGG·CCG和GAA·TTC扩增和缺失有关的分子机制尚不能得到清楚的阐释.体外研究表明,上述疾病相关的重复序列可以在体外形成non-B二级结构,并介导重复序列扩增.然而,迄今为止,类似的观察尚未在体内研究过程中得以实现.利用模型生物大肠杆菌和酵母等进行的有关研究并不能模拟三核苷酸重复序列的扩增,这暗示三核苷酸重复序列的体内扩增可能与重复序列形成non-B二级结构关联性并不大.尽管理论上较长的三核苷酸重复序列可以在复制和后复制过程中较易形成non-B DNA二级结构,但这样的二级结构倾向于导致重复序列出现"脆性",而不是扩增.事实上,患者所具有的三核苷酸重复序列扩增并非一定需要通过non-B二级结构的介导,这些重复序列的扩增是可以通过一种RNA转录诱导的局部DNA重复序列的复制和其后的DNA重排得以发生.  相似文献   

5.
DNA序列进化过程中核苷酸替代的非独立性研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
杨子恒 《遗传学报》1990,17(5):354-359
本文评述了DNA序列间核苷酸替代数的估计方法,并通过对七个物种中组蛋白基因的比较对DNA进化的模型进行了考察。发现H2A基因第三位点上的碱基组成在物种间变异很大,并且跟H2A基因第一位点、H4基因第一、三位点及H2A上游,下游序列中的碱基组成有强正相关,提示DNA序列进化过程中存在着物种特异的区域性约束力。可能的原因是高等真核生物中GC含量升高,或者是染色体重组使这些同源序列位于不同的等质区段,从而受到不同的选择突变压。密码内各位点上核苷酸替代的相关性分析表明不同位点的替代是非独立的,其原因可能是一次替代事件引起多个位点的变化。文中讨论了这些结果对进化树推断的意义。  相似文献   

6.
作为DNA序列的重要组成特征,基因组寡核苷酸使用模式及其偏倚的研究已被广泛应用于原核生物基因组的分析。然而,关于寡核苷酸使用模式的偏倚是否具有种群特异性并反映种群的功能这一问题,尚未阐明。我们基于一阶马尔可夫链模型,提出了一个度量寡核苷酸使用模式偏倚的新指标——基因组三核苷酸(trinucleotide,tri-)转移概率偏倚(transition probability bias,TPB)特征向量,或称之为三核苷酸转移概率最大偏倚分布,并分析比较了727条有代表性的原核生物基因组序列tri-TPB特征向量。结果表明,基因组tri-TPB特征向量具有物种特异性,亲缘关系越近的物种,它们的tri-TPB特征向量越相似;同种内的不同菌株具有几乎完全相同的tri-TPB特征向量,并且不依赖于基因组的GC含量;此外,基因组tri-TPB特征向量的相似性与菌株的致病性特征相关。本研究结果为基于全基因组寡核苷酸组成和分布信息的物种及其致病性进化分析提供了新的思路和方法。  相似文献   

7.
给出描述36个四体内三基对平面间相互方位和碱基对间沿长轴方向位移的参数集。考虑到碱基对梯阶间的非紧邻相互作用,提出DNA宏观弯曲的经验预测规则。给出DNA宏观弯曲的定义,使用联系碱基对梯阶间的变换矩阵计算宏观弯曲。对18个与人类遗传病有关的三核苷酸重复及相关序列预测了宏观弯曲。理论结果和相应的实验数据作了比较,对结果的理论含义作了讨论。  相似文献   

8.
许静  王伟  柴宝峰  梁爱华 《遗传》2007,29(1):87-91
人类基因中三核苷酸重复序列拷贝数的异常扩增, 可导致多种神经系统疾病。一种富含GAA三核苷酸的GARP (glutamic acid-rich protein)基因从八肋游仆虫(Euplotes octocarinatus)大核文库中筛选获得。大核中该基因的染色体全长460 bp, 基因两端具有下毛类纤毛虫大核特有的端粒序列(C4A4C4A4C4A4C4), 开放读框内含有一个TGA(88-99)密码子, 在游仆虫中编码为半胱氨酸。经DNA Star 软件分析, 该基因编码的蛋白质由112个氨基酸组成, 预测其分子量为13 kDa, 等电点为3.82, 含有四个 [[alpha]] 螺旋和一个 [[beta]] 折叠。小核中对应的该基因含有两个内部删除序列, IES1 和IES2。IES1和IES2分别长41 bp, IES1以GA二核苷酸直接重复为删除信号, IES2以TA二核苷酸直接重复为删除信号。RT- PCR 证明该基因具有转录活性。  相似文献   

9.
野生型拟南芥中发现大量三联核苷酸重复序列,这为三联核苷酸串联重复导致机体功能紊乱的研究提供了良好的生物模型。  相似文献   

10.
11.
Leporinus macrocephalus is a species endemic to the Paraguay River basin and an important fishery resource, as well as a valuable species in aquaculture programs. A total of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized. A population survey was conducted involving 45 specimens whereby a large number of alleles (range 5–17 among loci), a highly observed (0.1667–0.6129) and an expected (0.6967–0.9448) heterozygosity was detected, indicating its usefulness in population genetics studies. Cross‐species amplification was successful in eight Characiformes species.  相似文献   

12.
    
The mechanical properties of spider silks have diverged as spiders have diversely speciated. Because the main components of silks are proteins, it is valuable to investigate their sequences. However, silk sequences have been regarded as difficult information to analyze due to their imbalance and imperfect tandem repeats (ITR). Here, an in silico approach is applied to systemically analyze a group of silk sequences. It is found that every time new spider groups emerge, unique trimer motifs appear. These trimer motifs are used to find additional clues of evolution and to determine relationships with mechanical properties. For the first time, crucial evidence is provided that shows silk sequences coevolved with spider species and the mechanical properties of their fibers to adapt to new living environments. This novel approach can be used as a platform for analyzing other groups of ITR‐harboring proteins and to obtain information for the design of tailor‐made fibrous protein materials.  相似文献   

13.
14.
Junk DNA的功能诠释   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
在庞大的基因组序列中数量占绝对优势的序列因为不编码蛋白质或RNA产物,一直被人们称为junk DNA.事事讲究经济效率的生物在长期的进化中,应该不会让大量无功能的“垃圾”堆积在充满活力的生命细胞中.近年来的研究已揭示junk DNA具有重要的功能,随着研究的深入,一定会发现越来越多的junk DNA决非垃圾,而是基因组的宝贵财富.  相似文献   

15.
Characteristics of genome organization in the sulfur-dependent thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius have been studied. By means of hybridization analysis it is shown that the genome of S. acidocaldarius, unlike the genome of the extremely halophilic archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium, does not contain repetitive sequences.  相似文献   

16.
17.
    
This study examines the molecular‐genetic divergence and evolution of Australian aquatic micro‐Crustacea Daphnia and Daphniopsis. The results indicate that species of Daphniopsis are accommodated within the genus Daphnia. Although their phyletic integrity is no longer supported, all Daphniopsis species (save one from North America) form a monophyletic group and may warrant subgeneric recognition pending further systematic investigations. A total of five lineages are shown to occupy Australian inland waters, including an endemic subgenus (Australodaphnia) and representatives of the subgenus Ctenodaphnia. The subgenera (Daphnia and Hyalodaphnia) that dominate the North American fauna are absent in Australia. The large extent of sequence divergence among major groups suggests that continental isolation has helped shape the early evolution of daphniids. More recent speciation is also evident, particularly by the Daphnia carinata species complex, whose numbers have grown to 13 members by the addition of a species previously assigned to the nominal subgenus and species yet to be formally described. The molecular data provide more evidence that the colonization of distinct habitats and ecological settings is a key factor in spurring diversification in the genus, while also modulating the pace of molecular evolution. This study attributes habitat‐specific molecular clocks to the intense ultraviolet (UV) exposure in both saline and transparent oligohaline waters. Adaptations to these harsh environments by at least four independent lineages include the convergent acquisition of a melanic carapace. Yet some lineages, clearly under mutational duress, lack this commonly acquired protective trait. There are numerous adaptive lines of defense against UV damage, including the complex regulatory mechanisms required to initiate a cellular response to guard and repair DNA. Functional molecular studies may soon challenge a notion built on morphology that convergence is the general directive to Daphnia’s ecological and evolutionary success. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 89 , 469–488.  相似文献   

18.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Segmental duplications on rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosomes 8, 9, 11, and 12 were studied by examining the distributions of sequences resolved by 13 probes detecting multiple copies of DNA sequences. Four of the hybridization bands detected by a repetitive sequence probe, rTRS, were mapped to the ends of all the four chromosomes. Two or three of the bands detected by each of the other 12 probes were also mapped to different chromosomes. The bands detected by the same probe usually occurred in similar locations of different chromosomes. Loci detected by different DNA probes were often similarly arranged on different chromosomes. Chromosomes 8 and 9 showed colinearity of marker loci arrangement indicating a possible common origin. A segment on chromosome 9 was also very similar to the previously reported duplicated fragments on the ends of chromosomes 11 and 12 which were also detected in this study, indicating a likely common origin. Moreover, the various degrees of distributional similarity of the segments suggest a complex relationship among the chromosomes in the evolution of the rice genome. These results support the proposition that chromosome duplication and diversification may be a mechanism for the origin and evolution of the chromosomes in the rice genome.  相似文献   

19.
陈洁  李媛  杨莹  刘博  窦全文 《西北植物学报》2024,44(8):1273-1282
【目的】赖草属植物是麦类作物遗传改良和育种的重要基因资源,但作为异源多倍体植物,其基因组来源仍存在较大争议。通过比较赖草、大赖草及新麦草基因组中重复序列分布,探索赖草属物种基因组来源以及种间基因组多样性的形成特性。【方法】通过构建赖草属物种赖草的Cot-1 DNA文库获得大量重复序列,利用荧光原位杂交技术和重复序列对赖草以及近缘物种大赖草和祖先供体物种新麦草进行染色体荧光原位杂交涂染。【结果】(1)根据序列及基因组分布特性,赖草Cot-1 DNA可归为串联重复序列、散布重复序列、散布加串联混合重复序列以及未能鉴定类型,4种类型占比分别为32.4%、45.7%、12.4%和9.5%。(2)串联重复序列TaiI-family、Lt1-6、pTa-535和pSc250在不同物种及同一物种不同材料间信号数量存在较大变异,分别为7~20,1~14,17~26,0~24个。(3)10个反转座子序列在所有物种染色体的分布呈现3种方式:在所有染色体上杂交信号集中分布在着丝粒、近着丝粒及间质区;在所有染色体的所有区域都有分布;在大部分染色体上的分布方式与第1种相同,但是部分染色体端部也有分布。2个LTR/Copia序列仅在赖草染色体上有分布,其他序列在不同物种以及不同材料间均有分布,但在信号强度以及部分染色体上的分布方式存在多态性。【结论】赖草属物种中的一些重复序列具有快速进化的特性,支持赖草属物种多倍化过程,并存在散在重复序列向整个核基因组的快速同质化扩散。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号