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2.
Mucor piriformis was used to study the mode of transformation of 16-dehydroprogesterone ( I, pregna-4, 16-diene-3, 20-dione) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone ( II, 17-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione). Biotransformation products formed from I were 14-hydroxypregna-4, 16-diene-3, 20-dione ( Ia), 7, 14-dihydroxypregna-4, 16-diene-3, 20-dione ( Ib), 3, 7, 14-trihydroxy-5-pregn-16-en-20-one ( Ic), and 3, 7, 14-trihydroxy-5-pregn-16-en-20-one ( Id). Metabolites Ic and Id appear to be hitherto unknown. Time-course studies suggested that the transformation is initiated by hydroxylation at the 14-position ( Ia) followed by hydroxylation at the 7-position ( Ib). Microsomes (105,000 g sediment) prepared from 16-dehydroprogesterone-induced cells hydroxylate I to its 14-hydroxy derivative ( Ia) in the presence of NADPH. Incubation of Ia with the organism resulted in the formation of Ib, Ic and Id. Biotransformation products formed from compound II were 17, 20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one ( IIa), 7, 17-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3, 20-dione ( IIb), 6, 17, 20-trihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one ( IIc) and 11, 17, 20-trihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one ( IId). Time-course studies indicated that IIa is the initial product formed, which is further hydroxylated either at the 6 or 11 position. Incubation of IIa with the organism resulted in the formation of IIc and IId. Reduction of the 4-en-3-one system and 20-keto group has not been observed before in organisms of the order Mucorales. In addition, M. piriformis has been shown to carry out hydroxylation at the C-6, C-7, C-11 and C-14 positions in the steroid molecules tested. 相似文献
3.
The interaction of short nucleotide duplexes with bis-netropsins, in which netropsin fragments are linked tail-to-tail via cis-diammineplatinum group ( Nt–Pt(NH
3
)–Nt) or aliphatic pentamethylene chain ( Nt–(CH
2
)
5
–Nt), has been studied. Both bis-netropsins have been shown to bind to DNA oligomer 5"-CCTATATCC-3" ( I) as a hairpin with parallel orientation of netropsin fragments in 1:1 stoichiometry. Monodentate binding has been detected upon binding of bis-netropsins to other duplexes of sequences 5"-CCXCC-3" [where X = TTATT ( II), TTAT ( III), TTTTT ( IV), and AATTT ( V)] along with the binding of bis-netropsins as a hairpin. The formation of dimeric antiparallel motif between the halves of two bound bis-netropsin molecules has been observed in the complexes of Nt–(CH
2
)
5
–Nt with DNA oligomers IV and V. The ratio of binding constant of bis-netropsin as a hairpin (
2) to monodentate binding constant (
1) has been shown to correlate with the width and/or conformational lability of DNA in the binding site. The share of bis-netropsin bound as a hairpin decreases in the order: TATAT > TTATT > TTAAT > TTTTT > AATTT, whereas the contribution of monodentate binding rises. The minimal strong binding site for Nt–Pt(NH
3
)–Nt and Nt–(CH
2
)
5
–Nt binding as a hairpin has been found to be DNA duplex 5"-CGTATACG-3". 相似文献
4.
The mode of transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone ( I, 3-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one) and pregnenolone ( II, 3-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one) was studied using Mucor piriformis. Biotransformation products formed from I were 3,17-dihydroxyandrost-5-ene ( Ia), 3-hydroxyandrost-5-ene-7,17-dione ( Ib), 3,17-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-7-one ( Ic), 3,7-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one ( Ie). Biotransformation products formed from compound II were 3,7-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one ( IIa) and 3,7,11-trihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one ( IIb). The organism did not carry out isomerization of the 5-en-3-ol to a 4-en-3-one system in the steroid molecules tested. In addition, it failed to carry out 14-hydroxylation possibly because of the lack of a 4-en-3-one system in I and II, and stereospecific hydroxylation at the C-7 position in I and II. 相似文献
5.
The effect on cholesterol metabolism in Hep G2 hepatoma cells was studied for new analogues of 15-ketosterol [3-hydroxy-5-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one] ( I): (24 S)-3-hydroxy-24-methyl-5-cholesta-8(14),22-diene-15-one ( II), (24 S)-3-hydroxy-24-methyl-5-cholesta-8(14),22-diene-15-one ( III), and (24 S)-24-methyl-5-cholesta-8(14),22-diene-3,15-dione ( IV). Analogues ( I) and ( II) were found to be equally effective inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis after a 3-h incubation with Hep G2 cells; however, ( II) produced a stronger inhibitory effect after a 24-h incubation or after an incubation of cells preliminarily treated with the inhibitor in a medium containing no ketosterol. The ability of ketosterols to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis decreased in the order ( II) > ( IV) > ( III). Ketosterol ( II) inhibited, whereas ketosterol ( III) stimulated the biosynthesis of cholesteryl esters. ( IV) stimulated the biosynthesis of cholesteryl esters at a concentration of 1–10 M and exerted no marked effect at a concentration of 30 M. These results indicate that 8(14)-15-ketosterols containing a modified side chain are of interest as regulators of cholesterol metabolism in liver cells. 相似文献
6.
Abstract 5′- O-Mesyl-2′,3′- O-isopropylidene ribonucleosides ( 4 and 12) were converted to their 5′-substituted nucleosides in good yields by reacted with NaN 3 or KI. 2′,3′- O-Isopropylidene ribonucleosides ( 3 and 11) were prepared in good yields from ribonucleosides 1 and 2 with a reaction mixture of acetone and triethyl orthoformate instead of using acetone diethyl acetal. Compound 1 or 2 was treated with 2-acetoxyisobutyryl halide (Cl or Br) to give 1-[2- O-acetyl-3-halo-3-deoxy-5- O-(2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-on-2-yl)- β-D-xylofuranosyl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide ( 19, 22, and 23) in high yields. Instead of using 2-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide, the mixture of 2-acetoxyisobutyryl chloride and NaBr was employed in the synthesis of 22 and 23. Treatment of 19 with an activated Zn/Cu couple and deprotection gave 2′,3′-anhydro nucleoside ( 21), and treatment of 22 and 23 with an activated Zn/Cu couple and a little of HOAc and deprotection gave corresponding 2′,3′-unsaturated triazole nucleosides ( 24 and 25), respectively. The biological activity of the compounds ( 7 ~ 10, 15 ~ 18, and 24) was examined in human liver cancer cells (A-549), lung cancer cells (BEL-7402), and Flu-A cells.
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