酶法结合超声辅助提取桃儿七鬼臼毒素工艺研究

目的:研究酶法结合超声辅助提取桃儿七鬼臼毒素工艺条件,并比较不同提取方法下鬼臼毒素提取得率.方法:采用单因素试验研究提取工艺中加酶量、酶解pH、酶解温度、超声时间、甲醇体积分数和料液比对鬼臼毒素提取得率的影响,并通过Plackett-Burman设计筛选出三个影响显著的因素;其次,采用响应面法对提取工艺参数进行进一步优...     

酶法提取银杏黄酮类化合物研究

本文研究了纤维素酶酶解法提取银杏总黄酮工艺。与传统的乙醇提取工艺相比,银杏总黄酮得率提高了18．92％。实验确定了最佳提取条件：酶浓度0．40mg／mL,酶作用时间120min,酶解温度50℃,酶解介质pH值为4．5,乙醇浓度70％,提取温度70℃。     

酶法提取植物果胶研究进展

本文综述了果胶酶法提取的一般方法,对其研究方向提出了建议,为果胶酶法提取工业化生产提供了参考。     

响应面分析法优化超声波辅助酶法提取南五味子多糖工艺的研究

为了建立超声波辅助酶法提取南五味子多糖的方法,并研究其提取工艺。按照Box-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理,以多糖得率为响应值,以单因素实验数据为基础,进行响应面分析实验,考察提取pH、提取温度和提取时间对多糖得率的影响。结果显示：最佳提取工艺条件为：提取pH为4.8、提取温度57℃、提取时间66 min、复合酶用量为3.0%,最佳工艺条件下南五味子多糖得率为8.73%±0.25%。研究结果表明,该提取方法可减少多糖提取时间和提取溶剂用量,降低温度,有效提高了多糖的提取得率,可应用于南五味子多糖的制备。研究结果为南五味子多糖的开发应用提供了较好的依据。     

酶法辅助超声波法提取类球红细菌辅酶Q10条件优化

采用单因素和正交实验优化了酶法辅助超声波法提取类球红细菌辅酶Q10的提取条件。结果表明,较优的辅酶Q10提取条件:超声波总时间14 min,超声波振幅30%,超声波工作/间歇时间1 min/1 min,料液比115,溶菌酶添加量300μL,酶解pH 7.2,酶解温度37℃,酶解时间90 min。优化后辅酶Q10的提取率比优化前提高了91.9%。     

生物酶法提取米糠蛋白的研究进展

米糠蛋白具有低过敏性、营养价值高等突出优势,是一种新型的优质植物蛋白。米糠蛋白一般以米糠为原料,主要提取方法有碱法提取、物理法提取以及生物酶法提取等,其中,生物酶法由于反应条件温和、蛋白产品品质高等优势备受关注。针对此,本文对生物酶法提取米糠蛋白方法进行了综述,包括酶制剂种类以及酶用量、温度、pH值和料液比等因素对酶解反应的影响规律等,并对生物酶法提取米糠蛋白的前景进行了展望。     

雪松松针多糖超声波酶法提取及其抗氧化性

为优化雪松松针多糖超声波酶法的提取工艺,并研究多糖结构及其抗氧化性。通过响应面法分析确定最佳提取参数为:3. 0 g松针粉末,液料比20∶1(m L∶g),提取温度80℃,超声功率560 W,超声时间47 min,纤维素酶用量12 FPU/g原料,提取两次,多糖得率高达10. 39%。采用高效液相色谱、红外光谱和核磁共振光谱等对松针多糖进行了结构表征,松针多糖以β-糖苷键为主要连接方式,并由葡萄糖、果糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖等单糖组成。体外抗氧化性研究结果表明:松针粗多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力远高于纯化多糖,呈现出良好的量效关系,粗多糖对·OH和DPPH·的半抑制浓度IC50分别为0. 47 g/L和0. 076 g/L。     

超声辅助水酶法提取月见草籽油的研究

月见草籽油在医药、保健及食品工业领域具有重要价值。本文对超声辅助水酶法提取月见草籽油进行了研究,采用超声及粉碎处理方式对月见草籽进行预处理,确定最佳预处理条件：超声功率300W、超声时间30min、超声温度60℃;采用Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶进行酶解,利用响应面优化试验,确定最优的月见草籽油脂提取工艺：料液比为5.4（w/w）、酶添加量为1.38（v/w）、酶解温度为62.5℃、酶解时间2.8h,响应面有最优值为84.32%;测定油脂的基本组成及相关品质指标,结果表明,不同提取方法对月见草籽油的皂化值、折射率、色泽的影响不显著,但酸值及磷脂含量均低于溶剂法月见草籽油。优化的工艺简便可行、提取率高,为超声辅助水酶法提取月见草籽油提取工艺的产业化提供理论依据。     

菊芋粕菊粉的酶法提取、组成及抗氧化活性研究

本研究拟应用酶法提取技术解决菊芋菊粉工业化生产中的废弃物——菊芋粕再利用程度低的问题,并评价菊芋粕菊粉的抗氧化活性功效。对菊芋粕菊粉的果胶酶酶法提取的最佳条件通过响应面法进行了优化,并对菊芋初次水提菊粉(primary water-extracted inulin,PWI)和二次酶提菊粉(secondary enzymatic-extracted inulin,SEI)的组成成分和抗氧化活性进行了比较分析。响应面法优化确定的菊芋粕菊粉最佳酶法提取条件为:pH4.5、提取温度50 ℃、酶底比7.5 U/g、提取时间2 h,该提取方法所得菊芋粕菊粉的得率为35.30%±0.85%,与传统热水浸提法相比菊粉得率提高38.16%。组成分析结果显示,SEI的总糖和菊粉含量均显著高于PWI( P <0.05)。在菊粉聚合度方面,PWI中蔗果三糖和蔗果四糖含量较高,而SEI中蔗果五糖、蔗果六糖及其以上聚合度菊粉的含量较高。此外,SEI的抗氧化活性优于PWI。因此,果胶酶辅助提取方法有望为菊芋粕菊粉的再利用难题提供新的解决思路。     

酶法破碎微生物细胞的研究进展

酶法细胞破碎技术不仅能提高胞内产物的提取效率、降低能耗,还能减少化学试剂的用量,更有利于环保。主要介绍酶法破碎细菌、真菌、微藻、原生菌类等微生物细胞的研究进展、工业化情况以及应用展望。     

秘鲁民间草药及其与中草药种类之比较

作者通过实地考察,论述了秘鲁丰富的民族植物学和民间草药知识,并根据收集到的有关资料对秘鲁民间草药和中草药的种类进行比较分析,为进一步开发药用植物资源和研制新药提供参考。     

Correlation between the different therapeutic properties of Chinese medicinal herbs and delayed luminescence

In the practice and principle of Chinese medicine, herbal materials are classified according to their therapeutic properties. ‘Cold’ and ‘heat’ are the most important classes of Chinese medicinal herbs according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this work, delayed luminescence (DL) was measured for different samples of Chinese medicinal herbs using a sensitive photon multiplier detection system. A comparison of DL parameters, including mean intensity and statistic entropy, was undertaken to discriminate between the ‘cold’ and ‘heat’ properties of Chinese medicinal herbs. The results suggest that there are significant differences in mean intensity and statistic entropy and using this method combined with statistical analysis may provide novel parameters for the characterization of Chinese medicinal herbs in relation to their energetic properties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南京周边地区中药材及土壤有机氯杀虫剂残留分析

有机氯杀虫剂是一类毒性很大的农药,曾在中国广泛使用,对环境造成了严重污染,虽然中国早已禁止使用该类农药,但由于其残留量高,分解十分缓慢,直今在很多植物中仍能检出。     

Mineral content of Chinese medicinal herbs used as diuretic treatments for Taiwanese children

Eighteen major, minor and trace elements in 12 Chinese medicinal herbs commonly consumed by Taiwanese Children as diuretics were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Dried and powdered herb samples were irradiated in a neutron flux of ca. 2 x 10(12) n/cm2 s under separate short and long irradiation schemes. Lichen (IAEA-336) was used as the reference standard, and tomato leaves (NIST-SRM 1570a) were employed for cross-checking the accuracy of the results. INAA was shown to be a reliable multi-element analytical method for determining the content of both toxicologically and nutritionally important minerals in Chinese medicinal herbs. Determined elements were present in the dried herbs in concentrations ranging from 10(4) to 10(-3) microg/g. The mineral contents and the maximum daily intake values of the tested herbs were compared with published values and with the recommended daily intakes for Taiwanese children as specified by the World Health Organization.     

Angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis activity of Chinese medicinal herbal extracts

The aqueous extracts of 24 herbs traditionally used as curing ischemic heart disease in clinic in China were screened for their in vitro angiogenic activity, another twenty-four traditionally used as anti-tumor or anti-inflammatory remedies in China were screened for their in vitro anti-angiogenic activity. The activity of angiogenesis was determined by quantitation of vessels on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and cell proliferation of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Among the herbal extracts examined, the aqueous extracts of Epimedium sagittatum, Trichosanthes kirilowii and Dalbergia odorifera showed the strong angiogenetic activity both in CAM and BAECs models; and the aqueous extracts of Berberis paraspecta, Catharanthus roseus, Coptis chinensis, Taxus chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Polygonum cuspidatum and Scrophularia ningpoensis elicited significant inhibition at a concentration of 1g dry herb /ml.     

Simultaneous determination of 76As, 122Sb and 153Sm in Chinese medicinal herbs by epithermal neutron activation analysis

Optimal conditions for the simultaneous determination of As, Sb and Sm in Chinese medicinal herbs using epithermal neutron activation analysis were investigated. The minimum detectable concentrations of 76As, 122Sb and 153Sm in lichen and medicinal herbs depended on the weight of the irradiated sample, and irradiation and decay durations. Optimal conditions were obtained by wrapping the irradiated target with 3.2 mm borated polyethylene neutron filters, which were adopted to screen the original reactor fission neutrons and to reduce the background activities of 38Cl, 24Na and 42K. Twelve medicinal herbs, commonly consumed by Taiwanese children as a diuretic treatment, were analysed since trace elements, such as As and Sb, in these herbs may be toxic when consumed in sufficiently large quantities over a long period. Various amounts of medicinal herbs, standardised powder, lichen and tomato leaves were weighed, packed into polyethylene bags, irradiated and counted under different conditions. The results indicated that about 350 mg of lichen irradiated for 24 h and counted for 20 min following a 30-60 h decay period was optimal for irradiation in a 10(11)n/cm s epithermal neutron flux. The implications of the content of the studied elements in Chinese medicinal herbs are discussed.     

Determination of aflatoxins in medicinal herbs by HPLC. An efficient method for routine analysis

A fast and easy to perform method for the routine determination of aflatoxins in medicinal herbs was developed. The described method involves a single-step extraction with a non-chlorinated solvent, an immunoaffinity clean-up and HPLC with fluorescence detection. Whilst assays with naturally contaminated and with spiked samples of several herbs showed that the recoveries were somewhat low and dependent on the kind of sample and the degree of grinding, the intra-batch reproducibility was good, allowing a reliable quantitation by the standard-addition method. Good linearity, repeatability and accuracy were demonstrated in assays involving several medicinal herbs. The limit of quantitation was of the order of 0.05-0.1 ng/g, being dependent of the species analysed, and the method required no tedious concentration or back-extraction steps.     

大别山区中药材资源的开发和利用对策

安徽省大别山区有中药材品种近１８００余种，是天然的药材宣言加。合理的开发利用当地丰富的中药材资源，对于脱贫致富、提高健康水平有重要意义。