线粒体DNA序列变异显示鸭绿江茴鱼为黑龙江茴鱼同物异名

经测序获得北极茴鱼鸭绿江亚种Thymallus arcticus yaluensis和黑龙江茴鱼T.grubii共26尾的线粒体DNA控制区基因全序列,以下游黑龙江茴鱼T.tugarinae、北极茴鱼指名亚种T.a.arcticus和欧洲茴鱼T.thymallus作外群,构建了茴鱼属部分种分子系统发育树,以探讨北极茴鱼鸭绿江亚种分类地位的有效性。结果显示,鸭绿江茴鱼与黑龙江茴鱼的4个地理种群(呼玛河、甘河、牡丹江、松花江)间的Kimura 2-parameter遗传距离仅为0·007~0·015,处于黑龙江茴鱼不同地理种群间的变异范围之内(0·004~0·015),明显小于属内种间的遗传距离(0·046~0·062)。以邻接法(NJ)和最大简约法(MP)构建的茴鱼属部分种系统发育树表明,鸭绿江茴鱼未构成独立的单系群,也未与北极茴鱼T.a.arcticus形成亚种关系,而是聚到黑龙江茴鱼种群内部,共同构为一个单系群。研究表明,鸭绿江茴鱼T.a.yaluensis并非有效种,应为黑龙江茴鱼T.grubii的同物异名,可视为黑龙江茴鱼的一个地理生态种群。     

珠江水系鱼类一新纪录——带刺光唇鱼(鲤形目：鲤科)

2008年5月及2010年8月在广东省增城市及河源市采得一批鱼类标本,其中20尾经鉴定为珠江水系鱼类新纪录——带刺光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus spinifer Yuan,WuZhang,2006)。该种主要鉴别特征包括:(1)体侧具有5~6条垂直的黑色条纹,每条约占2列鳞片宽,向下延伸至侧线以下2行鳞片,呈对称或不对称分布;(2)第2条垂直条纹位于背鳍末根不分枝鳍条的下方;(3)背鳍末根不分枝鳍条为粗壮的硬刺,后缘具细小的锯齿;(4)背鳍鳍间膜外缘2/3黑色。标本现保存于华南师范大学生命科学学院鱼类标本室。     

中国海鱼类猪齿鱼属一新纪录种腰纹猪齿鱼(鲈形目,隆头鱼科)

2012年9月,在中国南沙群岛渚碧礁采集到猪齿鱼属标本1尾,经鉴定为中国新纪录种——腰纹猪齿鱼(Choerodon zosterophorus)。本种的主要鉴别特征为:吻稍突出;背鳍ⅩⅢ-6;臀鳍Ⅲ-10;体被中大圆鳞,侧线完全,侧线鳞片27;从最后几个背鳍鳍棘基部下侧至胸鳍基部上侧之间有1条较宽白带;背侧有1较大黑色斑点,白斑背鳍后端处腹鳍位置上背部也有1较大黑点,通常在白斑处以黑色边缘线形式向前腹端延伸至腹部后侧;成体尾鳍为灰色。     

光唇鱼属鱼类一种新

本文记述采自湖南吉首的鲤科鱼类1新种,命名为吉首光唇鱼Acrossocheilus jishouensis sp.nov.。新种有以下与同属其他种类相区别的特点：下唇两侧瓣间隙小,几相接触;背鳍末根不分支鳍条柔软不加粗,后缘光滑;背鳍及臀鳍鳍条间膜有黑色条纹;体侧具不规则的大块黑斑或具模糊不清的垂直或纵行条纹等。新种与半刺光唇鱼A.hemispinus hemispinus和带半刺光唇鱼A.hemispinus cinctus较为相似。     

北极茴鱼胚胎及仔鱼发育

研究对人工繁殖的北极茴鱼(Thymallus arcticus grubei)胚胎发育开展系统观察,记录分析其胚胎及仔鱼发育各时期的形态特征,旨在为北极茴鱼的人工繁育和种质资源保护提供必要的基础数据。结果显示,北极茴鱼受精卵呈圆球形,金黄色,沉性卵,未吸水卵径(2.46±0.14) mm,吸水卵径(3.14±0.18) mm,卵黄质内有多个油球。油球的数量和空间分布在胚胎发育过程中发生了规律性变化。在孵化水温(11.06±0.72)℃,溶氧8.3—9.8 mg/L条件下,历时301h完成整个胚胎发育过程,所需积温为3384.84h·℃,经历合子期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵化出膜7个阶段,共26个时期。北极茴鱼仔鱼尾鳍、胸鳍的分化和眼色素沉积在受精卵胚胎发育后期就已经完成,背鳍、腹鳍、臀鳍和脂鳍等在胚后发育过程中相继分化。其初孵仔鱼平均全长为(9.33±0.35) mm,仔鱼卵黄囊呈圆球形, 18日龄时卵黄囊和油球被完全消耗。其早期发育阶段(0—16日龄)的生长特性符合公式:y=0.0005x⁴–0.0201x³+0....     

光唇鱼属鱼类一新种

本文记述采自湖南吉首的鲤科鱼类１新种,命名为吉首光唇鱼Ａｃｒｏｓｏｃｈｅｉｌｕｓｊｉｓｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种有以下与同属其他种类相区别的特点：下唇两侧瓣间隙小,几相接触;背鳍末根不分支鳍条柔软不加粗,后缘光滑;背鳍及臀鳍鳍条间膜有黑色条纹;体侧具不规则的大块黑斑或具模糊不清的垂直或纵行条纹等。新种与半刺光唇鱼Ａ．ｈｅｍｉｓｐｉｎｕｓｈｅｍｉｓｐｉｎｕｓ和带半刺光唇鱼Ａ．ｈｅｍｉｓｐｉｎｕｓｃｉｎｃｔｕｓ较为相似。     

中国刺鳅属鱼类分类整理及两新种和一新纪录(鲈形目,刺鳅科)(英文)

系统整理了中国刺鳅属鱼类Mastacembelus,记述2新种,腹纹刺鳅M.strigiventus Zhouet Yang,sp.nov.和三叶刺鳅M.triolobus Zhouet Yang,sp.nov.及中国1新纪录种,云斑刺鳅M.oatesii(Boulenger)。新种模式标本分别保存于中国科学院昆明动物研究所(KIZ)鱼类标本库和西南林业大学(SWFC)。腹纹刺鳅与三叶刺鳅、大刺鳅的区别在于:背鳍、臀鳍与尾鳍基部大部愈合,但具缺刻相区分;体侧前部具4～5条褐色纵条纹,最下1条常断续,全部纵纹至肛门前方渐成网格交叉或断续;腹面亦具1条明显褐色纵纹,有时分歧形成小网格。三叶刺鳅区别于腹纹刺鳅及大刺鳅的主要特征包括:背鳍条、臀鳍条和尾鳍条数目均少;背鳍、臀鳍与尾鳍仅在基部相连,在端部分开,能明显区分;除背部的黑色大斑块外,体无六角状环纹或锯齿状纹,腹面亦无斑纹;头长为头宽3.5倍以下,为吻长2.8倍以下。云斑刺鳅以下面组合特征区别于三叶刺鳅和腹纹刺鳅:背鳍条,臀鳍条数目均少,尾鳍条数目相对较多;背鳍、臀鳍与尾鳍仅基部愈合;体侧具云状斑,背部具14～15个褐色斑块,腹面无纵纹或网眼斑;头长为头宽4.0倍以上,为吻长3.0倍以上。     

中国隆头鱼科一新纪录种——雀尖嘴鱼

尖嘴鱼属(Gomphosus)是一群分布于印度洋和太平洋热带珊瑚礁海域鱼类,共有2种,以往在中国海域记录有1种杂色尖嘴鱼(G.varius)。我们在分析20世纪90年代采自中国南海大陆坡的鱼类标本时,发现了该属的另一种雀尖嘴鱼(Gomphosus caeruleus Lacepède,1801),为中国新纪录种。本种的主要鉴别特征为:体呈浅黄褐色(雌)或深黑色(雄);吻部特别延长呈管状;体长为体高的4.2倍,为头长的2.6倍;背鳍Ⅷ-13,臀鳍Ⅲ-11,胸鳍i(不分支)+14(分支);脊椎骨25;鳃盖条7;体被中大圆鳞;侧线完全,在背鳍条的后部下方急剧向下弯折,侧线有孔鳞片27;头部仅鳃盖上部有9枚呈三角状排列的小鳞;背鳍起点前方有鳞8行;背鳍第一至第三鳍棘间的鳍膜具1黑斑;尾鳍截形。     

颈斑尖猪鱼——中国南海隆头鱼科新纪录种

本文根据采自海南岛的标本描述了中国南海一新记录种:颈斑尖猪鱼(Leptojulis lambdastigma)。本种的主要形态特征为:体长形,体长为体高的3.7~4.0倍,为头长的3.1~3.6倍;头长为吻长的2.7~3.3倍,为胸鳍长的1.45~1.65倍;头裸露无鳞;两颌前端各具2对大犬齿,外侧1对犬齿弯向外后方;背鳍Ⅸ-12,臀鳍Ⅲ-12,胸鳍i(不分支)+11-12(分支);侧线完整,侧线鳞27;颈部具一个"V"形大黑斑,胸鳍后部的上方、侧线的下方具一小黑斑。新鲜标本头部具2条黄色纵带,沿体侧分别经眼和胸鳍基部向后达尾鳍基部;体侧背部具1条浅棕黄色条带;胸鳍基部棕红色,后部浅色;臀鳍浅蓝色;尾鳍下部淡蓝色,上部橙色。本种与尾斑尖猪鱼(L.urostigma)形态较为相似,主要差别在于颈斑尖猪鱼的颈部具有一显著的"V"形黑斑,尾鳍基部无黑斑(尾斑尖猪鱼具此黑斑)。     

中国广西壮族自治区珠江流域鳅属一新种

记述采自中国广西壮族自治区邕江和郁江鳅属Cobitis 1新种,南方鳅Cobitis australis sp.nov..通过扩增其线粒体细胞色素b基因,与已知鳅属和益秀朝鲜鳅属Iksookimia 物种进行遗传距离比较,并构建系统发育树,结合形态分析,确认其为1新种.南方鳅与本属其它种类的区别主要为:噶氏斑纹分界不明显(Gambetta's pigmentation pattern),斑纹具两性异形.雄性背部斑纹不规则,约17 ～ 20个,背鳍后斑纹融合为马鞍形;雌性背部斑纹约13个,背鳍前斑纹在体侧延伸为三角形.体侧中线11 ～13个不规则的“V”形或倒三角形斑纹,雄性头后4～5个小斑纹,雌性1～2个小斑纹.背部和体侧中线之间为形状和大小不规则的斑纹,雄性多于20个,该处斑纹与背部和体侧中线斑纹有融合;雌性少于20个,无融合.背鳍和尾鳍各具有4～5列点状条纹;雄性胸鳍第1根分枝鳍条基部的骨质突起(lamina circularis)指状,第1根分支鳍条延长,胸鳍似旗状;体鳞较大,延长,卵圆形,鳞焦略大,基位;颏叶不发达,末端钝圆;须短,其长等于或略小于眼径.新种体色斑纹与益秀朝鲜鳅属种类相似,新种与益秀朝鲜鳅Iksookimia koreensis(Kim,1975)和斑纹益秀朝鲜鳅Iksookimia pumila(Kim et Lee,1987)的主要区别是,前者背鳍和尾鳍各具4～5条斑纹,背部斑纹和体侧中线斑纹不相连,体侧中线11 ～13个宽而短的倒三角形斑纹;益秀朝鲜鳅背鳍和尾鳍各具有3～4列条纹,体侧中线下13～ 14个窄而长的倒三角形斑纹;斑纹益秀朝鲜鳅背鳍和尾鳍各具有2～3列条纹,背部斑纹和体侧中线斑纹相连,两列斑纹之间斑块少于10个,体侧中线9 ～10个宽而长的条状或倒三角形斑纹.新种与盈德益秀朝鲜鳅Iksookimia yongdokensis Kim et Park,1997、休氏益秀朝鲜鳅Iksookimia hugowolfeldi Nalbant,1993和长身益秀朝鲜鳅Iksookimia longicorpus(Kim,Choi and Nalbant,1976)的主要区别是,前者骨质突起指状,后者骨质突起圆盘状.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.