四突跳小蜂亚科中国新纪录属、种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述了四突跳小蜂亚科中国1新纪录属,阿纳跳小蜂属Anagyrietta Ferrière,及中国2新纪录种,豹纹阿纳跳小蜂Anagyrietta pantherina Ferrière和宽柄杜丝跳小蜂Dusmetia euripersiae Trjapitzin,并给出了其形态特征图。研究标本研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国花翅跳小蜂族二新种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述采自辽宁沈阳和大连的跳小蜂2新种,即丽柄虱克跳小蜂Aschitus scapus Xu,sp.nov.和短颊赛诺跳小蜂Xenoencyrtus brevimalarus Xu,sp.nov..虱克跳小蜂属Aschitus Mercet和赛诺跳小蜂属Xenoencyrtus Riek为我国新纪录属.     

花翅跳小蜂属一新种：膜翅目：跳小蜂科

花翅跳小蜂属(Microterys Thomson,1876)是蜡蚧科昆虫的重要天敌,白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂(M.ericeri Ishii)因寄生于经济益虫白蜡虫(Ericerus pela Chavannes)而对人类有害,但绝大多数为益虫。本属是个大属,已描述了150多种,东洋区记载了20种。廖定熹教授在《中国经济昆虫志》[第三十四册,小蜂总科(一)]中记述了中国的花翅跳小蜂3种,即:白蜡虫花翅跳小蜂(M.ericeri Ishii)、球蚧花翅跳小蜂(M.clauseniCompere)和蜡蚧花翅跳小蜂(M.speciosus Ishii),黄春梅报道了采自福建的二带花翅跳小蜂(M.ditaeniatus Huang),姜德全描记了从白蜡虫雌虫卵囊中羽化的中华花翅跳小蜂     

四突跳小蜂亚科三新记录属及三新种记述(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

记述采自辽宁、黑龙江和新疆的3个跳小蜂属：卡丽跳小蜂属Charitopus Forster、裂脖跳小蜂属Rhopus Forster和塞克跳小蜂属Sakencyrtus Hayat,均为我国首次记录。共记述4个种,其中卡丽跳小蜂属有1中国新记录种,即暗色卡丽跳小蜂Charitopus obscurus(Erdoes);裂脖跳小蜂属2新种,即短翅裂脖跳小蜂Rhopus brachypterous Xu．sp．nov．和黄色裂脖跳小蜂Rhopus flavus Xu,sp．nov．;塞克跳小蜂属1新种,即长尾塞克跳小蜂Sakencyrtus longicaudus Xu．sp．nov．。     

中国跳蚜亚科分类学研究

中国跳蚜亚科Saltusaphida(Homoptera,Aphididae)已知5属,依跳蚜属Iziphya Nevsky新纪录,聂跳蚜属Nevskyella Ossiannilsson,跳蚜属Saltusaphis Theobald新纪录,亚跳蚜属Subsaltusaphis Quednau,蓟马蚜属Thripsaphis Gillete;11种或亚种,蟾依跳蚜Iziphya bufo Walker新纪录,蘑茹聂跳蚜Nevskyella fungifera (Ossiannilsson)新纪录,拟蘑菇聂跳蚜N.similifungifera Qiao and Zhang,华聂跳蚜,N,sinensis (Zhang,Zhang and Zhong),瘤聂跳蚜N,tuberculata Zhang and Zhang,灯心草跳蚜Saltusaphis scirpus Theobald新纪录,饰亚跳蚜Subsaltusaphis ornata(Theobald),新纪录,灯心草跳蚜Saltusaphis scirpus Theobald新纪录,饰亚跳蚜Subsaltusaphis ornata(Theobald)新纪录,泊蓟马蚜Thripsaphis ballii(Gillette),居薹蓟马蚜Th.caricicola(Mordvilko),雾灵山蓟马蚜Th.cyperi wulingshanensis Zhang,Zhang,Zhong and Tian,河北蓟马蚜Th.ossiannissoni hebeiensis Zhang,Zhang,Zhong,and Tian,河北蓟马蚜Th.ossian nilssoni hebeiensis Zhang,Zhang,Zhongand Tian,提供了分属,分种或亚种检索表,各属提供了鉴别特征,所有分类单元具有文献引证,寄主植物,地理分布和检视标本的记录,每个新纪录种有简要的形态记述和特征图,所有研究标本存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国拟细角跳小蜂属分类学研究（膜翅目: 跳小蜂科）

对中国拟细角跳小蜂属Leptomastidea 分类研究进行了回顾, 并记述了分布于中国的拟细角跳小蜂属6 种, 其中草居拟细角跳小蜂L. herbicola, 红胸拟细角跳小蜂L. rubra 和谢氏拟细角跳小蜂L. shafeei为中国新记录种。文中提供了分种检索表、形态特征图。研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

阔柄跳小蜂属一新种及二中国新记录种记述（膜翅目：跳小蜂科）

记述采自中国东北地区的阔柄跳小蜂属1新种及2中国新记录种。新种长索阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus longifuniculus,sp.nov.育自辽宁省普兰店槲栎Quercus alien上的栎绛蚧Kermes sp.;纯黄阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycusalbopleuralis(Ashmead)育自黑龙江省哈尔滨市糖戚盔蚧Parthenolecaniumcorni(Bouche)、槐花球蚧Eulecanium kuwanai(Kanda)和吉林省长春市榆树上的1种蚧虫;软蚧阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus insidiosus(Mercet)育自黑龙江省尚志市刺五加上的1种软蚧。模式标本保存于东北林业大学昆虫标本室。     

中国花翅跳小蜂族二新纪录属和二新种(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

描述了跳小蜂２新种,好寄生蜚蠊Ｂｌａｔｔａｒｉｄ的弯带敌蟑跳小蜂,新种Ｄｉｃａｒｎｏｓｉｓ ｓｉｎｕａｔｉｓ Ｘｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和采自陕西杨陵寄生寄蝇Ｔａｃｈｉｎｌｄ的斜棒蝇克跳小蜂,新种Ｅｘｏｒｉｓｔｏｂｉａ ｈｌｉｎｏｃｌａｖａｌａＸｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。敌蟑跳小蜂属Ｄｉｃａｒｎｏｓｉｓ Ｍｃｒｃｅｔ和蝇克跳小蜂属Ｅｘｏｒｉｓｔｏｂｉａ Ａｓｈｍｅａｄ在我国为新纪录属。     

寡索跳小蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述了寡索跳小蜂属Arrhenophagus Aurivillius的1新种,即长距寡索跳小蜂Arrhenophagus longicalcaratus sp.nov.。标本采自于云南省,从柑桔属植物上的盾蚧育得。     

中国跳小蜂科(膜翅目,小蜂总科)一新属一新种

记述了中国跳小蜂科1新属1新种,竹粉蚧隆盾跳小蜂Clivia antoninae gen.et sp.nov.,提供了该属分类特征的扫描电镜图片.隆盾跳小蜂属Clivia gen.nov.与其近缘属花翅跳小蜂属Microterys Thomson和毛盾跳小蜂属Trichomasthus Thomson主要区别在:触角窝深,侧背方有明显的脊;上颚具两盾齿;小盾片强烈隆起.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆.     

On the Knowledge of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) and Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) marginalis (Reitter, 1894) (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae)

Entomological Review - The type and other extensive material of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) and some of its synonyms was examined. Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) marginalis...     

Electronic structures of collagen model polymers: (Gly-Pro)n, (Gly-Hyp)n, (Ala-Pro)n, (Ala-Hyp)n, (Gly-Pro-Gly)n, (Gly-Hyp-Gly)n, (Gly-Pro-Pro)n, and (Gly-Pro-Hyp)n

In order to investigate the relationship existing between the electronic structures of collagen and its biochemical functions in vivo, the semiempirical CNDO/2 SCF MO calculations were carried out on several model polymers of collagen, (Gly-Pro)_n, (Gly-Hyp)_n, (Ala-Pro)_n, (Ala-Hyp)_n, (Gly-Pro-Gly)_n, (Gly-Hyp-Gly)_n, (Gly-Pro-Pro)_n and (Gly-Pro-Hyp)_n. Geometries of the skeleton of these polymers were assumed to be the same as those of poly(l-proline) I (cis) and II (trans) and the calculations were performed only on infinite polymers in a single chain. The results show that the cis form is always more stable than the trans form for all the polymers treated. This energy difference between the cis and trans forms depends, for example, on the kind of amino acid residue, Gly or Ala, but this could not be seen in the Pro or Hyp residue. The flexibility or mobility of the collagen structure was explained using the energy difference between the cis and trans forms of the polymers, i.e. the cis-trans conversion of the collagen was discussed in connection with the energy difference. The reason why the collagen has the constitution of (Gly-Pro-Hyp)_n is briefly discussed.     

On the Synonymy of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae, Oxytelinae)

Entomological Review - The type material of several synonyms of Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) pennifer (Motschulsky, 1845) is revised. Both Coprophilus (Zonyptilus) striatipennis (Eppelsheim, 1894) and...     

Genetic polymorphism (ABO, Rh, Kell) in Kabul (Afghanistan)

ABO, rhesus and Kell blood group data on 1327 donors in Kabul are analysed by ethnic affinity and compared with existing data on Afghanistan peoples. Blood group frequencies are very similar in Pushtu and Tadjik, despite their different historical, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds. Inclusion of the small sample of Hazara in the analysis shows overall heterogeneity in rhesus D, E, and e frequencies, suggesting the existence of a broader pattern of genetic variation among the peoples of Afghanistan.     

Ecomorphology ofCrassostrea cucullata (Born, 1778) (Ostreidae) in a mangrove creek (Gazi,Kenya)

Variations of shell form and shell length were studied for oysters growing in the mangroves of Gazi Creek, Kenya, and related to different environmental factors.For the study of the form, Fourier analysis was performed on the circumference of 85 oysters. The resulting coefficients were compared among specimens using cluster analysis. The correspondence between this classification and substrate diameter is virtually perfect (only one misclassification out of 85 oysters). For the clusters based on height above chart datum, 9 specimens, all on intermediate height levels, were misclassified. Orientation with respect to tidal current had 13 misclassifications. Mangrove species seemed to influence form only marginally, if at all.In the study of the size ofCrassostrea cucullata, the length of 956 oysters, growing along two transects were measured, and correlated with several environmental factors. Oyster length was not related to substrate diameter or its orientation with respect to the main current. Length was not influenced by density up to a cover of 70%. For densities higher than 70%, there was a fairly strong negative correlation (r ² = 0.634,n = 217). Length was not correlated with height above bottom (base of the tree) for heights lower than 20 cm, while oysters growing closer to the bottom were smaller. The correlation with height above chart datum was negative but very low (r ² = 0.060,n = 957). However, if all measurements of oysters closer than 20 cm to the bottom, and all from a density of more than 70% cover are deleted from the data set, the correlation with height increased dramatically, the slope still being negative (r ² = 0.859,n = 543).     

Spermiogenesis in Anaspides tasmaniae (Thomson) (Crustacea,Malacostraca, Syncarida)

Spermiogenesis of the syncarid Anaspides tasmaniae (subclass Eumalacostraca) was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The spermatozoan of Anaspides is an ovoid cell with an acrosome covering the anterior pole and a lobulated nucleus and mitochondria occupying the rest of the cell. A long subacrosomal filament bypasses the nucleus and forms a spiral that supports a thin extension of the posterior cytoplasm, giving the spermatozoan a bell-shaped appearance. No flagellum is present at any stage. The immobile spermatozoans are embedded in a hard capsule, secreted by the cells of the wall of the vas deferens.     

Molecular-Mechanical studies of the mismatched base analogs of d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2:d(CGTGAATTCGCG)2, d(CGAGAATTCGCG)2, d(CGCGAATTCACG)2, d(CGCGAATTCTCG)2, and d(CGCAGAATTCGCG)·d(CGCGAATTCGCG)

Molecular-mechanical simulations have been carried out on “mismatched base” analogs of the DNA double-helical structure d(CGCGAATTCGCG)₂, in which the base pairs CG at the 3 and 10 positions have been replaced by CA, AG, TC, and TG base pairs, as well as an insertion analog in which an extra adenine has been incorporated into one strand of the above structure between bases 3 and 4. The results of these simulations (calculated relative stabilities, structures, and nmr ring-current shifts) have been compared with calorimetric and nmr data. The calculated relative stabilities of the double-helical parent dodecamer and the various “wobble” base pairs qualitatively correlate with the experimental melting temperatures. The base-pairing structure for the GT wobble pair is in agreement with that previously determined from nmr experiments. For the GA base pair, the structure with both bases anti has a slightly more favorable energy from base pairing and stacking than a structure with non-Watson-Crick H-bonding with adenine syn, in agreement with nmr experiments. The CA wobble base is calculated to favor an adenine 6NH₂ …? cytosine N3 H-bond over cytosine 4NH₂ …? adenine N1, again, in agreement with nmr experiments. There is no definitive experimental data on the TC base pair, but the existence of (somewhat long and weak) H-bonds involving cytosine 4NH₂ …? thymine 4CO and cytosine N3 …? thymine HN3 seems reasonable. We find a structure in which the extra adenine base of the insertion analogs sits “inside” the double helix.