木质包装材料中线虫一新种(线虫门,滑刃科)记述

记述了伞滑刃属线虫1新种,即弯尾伞滑刃线虫Bursaphelenchus curvicaudatus sp.nov..线虫样本自中国连云港口岸截获木质包装材料中分离获得.新种体长相对较长(雌虫767～960 μm;雄虫663～831 μm),口针较短(雌虫13.9～17.4 μm;雄虫13.9～16.5 μm),口针基部略微加厚,交合刺小(16.5～21.6 μm),末端盘状结构不明显,雌虫尾明显向腹面弯曲.另外,新种雄虫有6个尾乳突,与以前报道有7个尾乳突不同.交合刺形状、雌虫尾的形状及体长等特征能将新种与B.hofmanni、B.abietinus、B.fun-givorus、B.hellenicus、B. hylobianum、B.rainufi、B.eggersi以及B.corneolus区分开来.新种特有的限制性酶切图谱(PCR-ITS-RFLP图谱)是该分离物为1新种的分子证据.     

大连滑刃线虫新种(线虫门,滑刃科)记述(英文)

新种大连滑刃线虫.Aphelenchoides dalianensis sp.nov.采自中国辽宁省大连市老铁山的枯死黑松.新种的鉴别特征为:体较短(雌虫:571.5～658.0 μm;雄虫:436.8～520.0μm),口针纤细(雌虫:10.0～12.7 μm;雄虫:9.2～11.8μm)具有基部球,侧线4条.雌虫阴门位于虫体60%～75%处,尾型特殊,具蜗牛触角状分叉的尾尖突;雄虫尾部向腹面弯曲成拐杖形,有1简单尾尖突,交合刺小(10.0～12.9μm),乳突3对,无交合伞.新种的近似种是大核滑刃线虫A.macronucleatus,主要区别在于大核滑刃线虫的雌虫仅具一简单尾尖突,雄虫加热杀死后呈"L"形,而非新种的"J"形.应用限制性酶切图谱(PCR-ITS-RFLP)的方法以及DNA测序为新种提供了分子生物学的证据.     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS APHELENCHOIDES (APHELENCHIDA,APHELENCHOIDIDAE) NEMATODE FROM CHINA

2001 ～2002年从山东省青州市韭菜Allium tuberosum的根际土壤中发现滑刃属Aphelenchoides1新种,定名为韭菜滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides allius sp.nov..该虫具有以卜特征:虫体大型;唇区缢缩,口针较长,无口针基部球;侧区具有6条侧线;生殖系统发育良好,卵巢具1～2个转折,卵母细胞单列;尾细锥形,末端收缩呈细指状,平截,刺状尾尖突生于其上;雄虫常见,尾钩状,末端具刺状尾尖突,交合刺典型,顶尖和喙突明显.已报道种中有8个种与新种相似,其中5个种虫体体长较短,小于500μm,易与新种分开,它们是:细尖滑刃线虫A.conimucronatus(L=280～440 μm),高头滑刃线虫A.editocaputis(L=270～ 320 μm),高山滑刃线虫A.montanus(L=390 ～400 μm),稀少滑刃线虫A.rarus(L=300 ～ 320 μm),沃恩滑刃线虫A.vaughani(L=360 ～430μm).另3个种与新种相比较:中心滑 刃线虫A.centralis侧线4条,尾巴较长,雄虫不常见;陶比恰滑刃线虫A.daubichaensis侧线4条,口针较短且有小的基部球,后阴子宫囊较短,卵巢无转折;一点红滑刃线虫A.emiliae口针基部球发达,中食道球椭圆形,更大19 μm×15 μm,后阴子宫囊较短.     

中国滑刃属一新种记述(滑刃目,滑刃科)

2001～2002年从山东省青州市韭菜Allium tuberosum的根际土壤中发现滑刃属Aphelenchoides1新种,定名为韭菜滑刃线虫Aphelenchoides alliussp.nov.。该虫具有以下特征:虫体大型;唇区缢缩,口针较长,无口针基部球;侧区具有6条侧线;生殖系统发育良好,卵巢具1～2个转折,卵母细胞单列;尾细锥形,末端收缩呈细指状,平截,刺状尾尖突生于其上;雄虫常见,尾钩状,末端具刺状尾尖突,交合刺典型,顶尖和喙突明显。已报道种中有8个种与新种相似,其中5个种虫体体长较短,小于500μm,易与新种分开,它们是:细尖滑刃线虫A.conimucronatus(L=280～440μm),高头滑刃线虫A.editocaputis(L=270～320μm),高山滑刃线虫A.montanus(L=390～400μm),稀少滑刃线虫A.rarus(L=300～320μm),沃恩滑刃线虫A.vaughani(L=360～430μm)。另3个种与新种相比较:中心滑刃线虫A.centralis侧线4条,尾巴较长,雄虫不常见;陶比恰滑刃线虫A.daubichaensis侧线4条,口针较短且有小的基部球,后阴子宫囊较短,卵巢无转折;一点红滑刃线虫A.emiliae口针基部球发达,中食道球椭圆形,更大19μm×15μm,后阴子宫囊较短。     

粒科线虫中国新纪录种(侧尾腺纲,垫刃目)

报道了粒科线虫的1个新纪录种:细小茎线虫Ditylenchus exilis Brzeski,1983.其鉴定特征为雌虫身体在近阴门处直或微弯;环纹宽度不规则;头连续;侧区4条侧线;口针短,锥部大约为口针长度的1/3,基球圆;中食道球梭形或微圆;后阴子宫囊为阴门处虫体直径的0.8～1.2倍;尾细,端圆,与肛阴距等长.雄虫与雌虫体形相似,交合伞钝齿形,占尾长的29%～35%.     

中国家畜寄生蠕虫初步调查——Ⅰ.华东区

1.本报告是根据1956至1962年间在华东地区8个城市对马、驴、牛、羊、猪等5种家畜寄生蠕虫所进行的调查研究结果。共获蠕虫77种,其中有吸虫4种、絛虫5种、线虫67种、棘头虫1种。 2.华东地区家畜寄生蠕虫种类以螺咽胃线虫Ascarops strongylina,长尾结节虫Oeso-phagostomum longicaudum,甘肃吸吮线虫Thelazia kansuensis,捻转血矛线虫Haemon-chus contortus,蝇胃线虫Habronema muscae,小唇片毛细线虫Trichonema labratum,唇片毛细线虫T.labiatum,冠状毛细线虫T.coronatum,埃及毛细线虫T.aegyptiacum,鼻状环行线虫Cylicocyclus nassatum,普通代氏线虫Delafondia vulgaris,熊氏三齿线虫Triodontophorus hsiungi等12种线虫的感染率为最高。同时也是该地区分布最广的种类。 3.对寄生于黄牛眼内的棒状吸吮线虫Thelazia(Thelaziella)ferulata,sp.nov.新种的形态特征作了详细的描述。新种的主要特征为:体表角质层有明显的横纹。交合刺短而粗,呈短棒状,在交合刺长0.118—0.149毫米,右交合刺长0.108—0.132毫米。肛前乳突10对,肛后乳突2对。     

绵羊皱胃的甘肃奥斯特线虫新种的描述

1962—1964年,作者在进行绵羊寄生虫季节动态调查时,曾在我国祁连山东段甘肃皇城地区绵羊皱胃中检得奥斯特属一新种,现描述于后(量度单位以毫米计)。甘肃奥斯特线虫 Ostertagia(Grosspiculagia)gansuensis,新种(图1—4) 雄虫 虫体淡褐色,丝状,长10.881—14.597,食道末端处体宽0.089—0.125,交合伞前体宽0.177—0.228,最大宽0.049—0.070。神经环距头端0.263—0.298,排泄孔距头端0.349—0.403。有伞前乳突。交合伞较发达,由两个大的侧叶和1个小而平直的背叶组     

北京地区山羊与绵羊寄生蠕虫初步调查报告

1.这次在北京地区进行羊体内寄生蠕虫调查,经鉴定结果:共计吸虫2种,絛虫1种,线虫19种。以寄生线虫最为普遍,其中又以羊仰口线虫、美丽筒状线虫、捻转血矛线虫、哥伦比亚节结虫及粗纹节结虫等5种线虫的感染率较高。 2.于山羊第四胃内发现一寄生线虫新种,定名为长交合刺奥氏线虫Ostertagia(O.)longispiculata sp.nov.,并对该新种的形态特征作了详细的描述。新种的主要特征为:雄虫体长8.925—9.572毫米。交合刺一对,等长,长0.280—0.302毫米。于距末端0.053—0.075毫米处分成3分枝。即:背枝,长0.053—0.075毫米,背腹面扁而宽;侧腹枝,长0.046—0.065毫米,较背枝细,末端呈锥状;中腹枝,长0.041—0.061毫米,宽度同侧腹枝,末端呈钩状。导刺带呈匙状,长0.083—0.099毫米。 3.瞪羚毛首线虫Trichocephalus gazellae寄生于锦羊的小肠内,为该虫一新的宿主,且为我国新纪录。 4.关于两种同物异名的讨论。我们考虑O.(O.)erschowi,为O.(O.)trifurcata的同物异名;O.(O.)hsiungi为O.(O.)buriatica的同物异名。并提出了我们的看法。 5.附有奥氏亚属Ostertagia(O.)各个种的检索表。     

滑刃属一新种记述(滑刃目,滑刃科)

2002年从山东省乳山市牛筋草的根际土壤中发现滑刃属1新种,类刷尾滑刃线虫 Aphelenchoides parabrushmucronatus sp.nov,.该虫具有以下特征:雌虫虫体中等;唇区较高,缢缩明显;中食道球卵圆形;生殖系统发育良好,卵母细胞单列,受精囊和后阴子宫囊都含较大的圆形精子;雌虫尾圆柱形,尾端中间具有1试管刷状尾尖突.A.appendurus Singh,1967在形态上与新种相似,区别在于前者有两条侧线,虫体和口针更长,尾巴相对较短(L=720-880μm;stylet=16～17μm;tail=38.4μm).A.seiachicus Nesterov,1973在形态上也与新种相似,区别在于前者虫体更小,口针、尾巴更短(L=370-420μm;stylet=9.5μm;c'=3).     

首尾线虫属一新种记述：（尖尾亚目：异尖线虫科）

本文报道了西藏高寒山区田鼠盲肠内的一寄生线虫——加查首尾线虫,新种(Cephaluris jiachaensis sp-nov.)。隶属于线虫纲、尖尾亚目、异尖线虫科。本新种的鉴别特征为:1.缺肛前栉。2.泄殖孔前后仅两对乳突。3.交合刺明显长于已知种的交合刺。     

ATTACHED LEAVES,INFLORESCENCES, AND FRUITS OF FAGOPSIS,AN EXTINCT GENUS OF FAGACEOUS AFFINITY FROM THE OLIGOCENE FLORISSANT FLORA OF COLORADO,U.S.A.

Specimens showing staminate and pistillate inflorescences attached to branches bearing Fagopsis longifolia (Lesq.) Hollick foliage, from the Oligocene Florissant flora of Colorado, permit a relatively complete characterization of the extinct Fagopsis plant. The alternately arranged simple leaves have pinnate craspedodromous venation and prominent simple teeth. Staminate inflorescences are globose on a stout peduncle and contain anthers with tricolporate pollen. Pistillate inflorescences are ovoid heads with compact, helically arranged three-flower units and are interpreted to have three styles per flower. The infructescence consists of small wedge-shaped cupules, each containing three tiny fruits, and subtended by a persistent bract. The cupules unravel from the swollen peduncle at maturity and are often dispersed as strings of adhering fruit-wedges which frequently take on a regular, more or less circular appearance. Fagopsis is unlike any living genus but has characters which support a relationship to the Fagaceae. Unlike extant members of the family, which typically have fruits adapted for animal dispersal, Fagopsis is less obviously specialized and perhaps adapted for wind dispersal. The striking differences in fruiting structures between Fagopsis and extant Fagaceae parallel the differences between the extant genera Platycarya and Juglans in the Juglandaceae, and Alnus and Corylus in the Betulaceae.     

STEROLS OF CHLORELLA. I. THE NATURALLY OCCURRING STEROLS OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS, C. ELLIPSOIDEA, AND C. SACCHAROPHILA

The characteristics of the sterols naturally occurring in threespecies of Chlorella were examined. The algae were grown heterotrophicallyon glucose. Sterols were extracted and isolated from the lipidfraction and were characterized by means of chemical and physicaltests. Chlorella vulgaris contained three sterols. Only the principalone, chondrillasterol, was identified. Chondrillasterol hasbeen isolated previously from the genus Scenedesmus. Chlorella ellipsoidea and Chlorella saccharophila were foundto contain sterols with ß-oriented alkyl groups atC-24 in contrast to the -oriented groups commonly found in higherplants. Poriferasterol was identified as the principal sterolof both algae. Clionasterol and 22-dihydrobrassicasterol wereidentified as the two secondary sterols present. None of thesesterols have previously been reported to occur in plants. Theisolation of 22-dihydrobrassicasterol has not been previouslyreported from any natural source. ¹Scientific Article A1153, Contribution No. 3623 of the Universityof Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. ²This work has been supported in part by a grant from the NationalAeronautics and Space Administration.     

FRESHWATER DINOFLAGELLATES OF BELIZE,C.A.

Freshwater dinoflagellates have not previously been reported from Belize, although there has been extensive work with marine dinoflagellates and some work with other freshwater groups. Freshwater dinoflagellates are more frequently observed in standing water and none have been observed in the several streams and rivers sampled since 1990. The goal in 1998 was to examine water samples from small ponds within hours of collection to improve the chance of observing swimming dinoflagellates. A plankton net was used and whole water samples also were collected. A small brown water pond on a peninsula and 30m from the Caribbean yielded a bloom of Thompsodinium intermedium. Dinoflagellates, including Peridinium centenniale, Katodinium sp., and Peridinium sp. in the Umbonatum Group, were observed within “Crocodile pond” and “Lily pond” on the mainland.     

喜马拉雅东部雅鲁藏布江大峡弯河谷地区植被组成特点

论述了喜马拉雅东部雅鲁藏布江大峡弯河谷地区（即海拔６００～２５００ｍ）的植被组成特征。本地区原始植被主要有：（１）热带低山半常绿雨林,阿丁枫＋千果榄仁群落,阿丁枫＋小果紫薇群落,阿丁枫群落;（２）亚热带常绿阔叶林,刺栲＋阿丁枫群落,刺栲群落,短刺栲＋毛曼青冈＋西藏石栎群落,西藏栎＋毛曼青冈群落,通麦栎群落;（３）亚热带山地半常绿阔叶林,薄片青冈群落,俅江栎群落;（４）常绿针叶林,不丹松群落,喀西松