河道内流量增加方法IFIM研究及其应用

河道内流量增加方法IFIM是用于河流规划、保护和管理等的决策支持体系,由一系列水力、水质、水文、生态等专业模型和各类方法组成,模拟流量和水生生物栖息地可利用性之间的定量关系.它不仅有助于河流管理者对水资源进行科学合理的分配,也为河流生态修复的结果提供了有效的评估工具.该方法在国外有着广泛的应用,而在国内尚未见其应用.对此方法进行详细的阐述,给出国外应用的例子.最后指出在国内应用的前景和需要注意的问题.     

基于MaxEnt模型的北极村国家级自然保护区紫貂栖息地适宜性评价

在人类支配的景观中,生境退化已经导致多个物种种群数量不断减少,分布范围不断缩减。紫貂（Martes zibellina）为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物,种群数量稀少,开展栖息地适宜性研究工作对制定科学的栖息地保护计划至关重要。于2021年1月-2022年8月在黑龙江省北极村国家级自然保护区采用样线调查法、足迹链跟踪、远红外相机监测综合收集到紫貂和猎物（雪兔）活动点信息。利用最大熵（MaxEnt）栖息地建模分析方法,首次在多个分辨率尺度背景下对紫貂种群的栖息地适宜性进行评价,研究结果表明：（1）利用ArcGIS 10.4重采样后在6个分辨率尺度（30m、60m、120m、240m、480m、960m）进行栖息地建模分析,基于主要栖息地变量因子对模型的贡献率及稳定性影响,并综合考虑研究区域面积,最终选定30m分辨率尺度作为紫貂栖息地最佳分析建模尺度,在30m分辨率尺度栖息地预测模型的曲线下面积（AUC）值为0.881;（2）研究发现猎物资源、植被类型和地形变量是影响紫貂栖息地适宜性的主要变量因子：雪兔出现概率较高、距草地与河流较近、海拔约400-600m、距常绿针叶林1.5km、距落叶针叶林约200m、坡向为50-250°的区域为紫貂的适宜栖息地;（3）栖息地适宜性分析表明,北极村国家级自然保护区紫貂适宜栖息地和次适宜栖息地面积共计23.66km²,约占保护区的17.2%,主要集中在保护区中部,而东部和西北部区域,栖息地破碎化较严重。基于模型结果与野外调查,提出了三条建议：（1）应严格控制人为活动,避免因人类干扰造成不适宜栖息地面积的持续扩大;（2）建立生态廊道促进保护区西部与中部紫貂种群进行个体交流,降低紫貂种群局部区域灭绝概率;（3）对东部地区破碎化的栖息地进行修复,扩大东部适宜栖息地面积,使破碎化的栖息地连接为整体。为分布于我国最北端的紫貂种群恢复创造条件,这对于构建该地区相对稳定的生物多样性保护空间格局有着重要意义。     

基于栖息地的城市湿地公园生物多样性特征与指标研究

城市湿地公园具有与湿地类似的生态功能和典型特征,对城市地区的生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文对不同地区的城市湿地公园进行研究,包括不同气候类型、使用年份和面积大小等不同方面,并对野生动物栖息地特别是鸟类栖息地进行了数据统计和分类分析。通过文献研究、数据统计和比较分析,探索城市湿地公园生物多样性保护指标体系的基本组成及其相关性。本文写作目的是建立适当的城市湿地公园栖息地评估标准,支持生态中国建设。     

基于MaxEnt模型的四川王朗国家级自然保护区蓝马鸡栖息地适宜性评价

明确野生动物栖息地的空间分布格局和影响因子,是有效的栖息地管理和物种保护的基础。基于王朗国家级自然保护区自2001至2018年间的野外调查记录,首次使用MaxEnt模型对蓝马鸡（Crossoptilon auritum）栖息地适宜性进行了分析和评价。结果显示：（1）地形特征和极端时期的气候是影响蓝马鸡栖息地适宜性的主要环境因子,年最低温高于-14.4℃、海拔约2430-3100 m、坡度小于40°、靠近河流且最干月降水低于4.4 mm的区域属于蓝马鸡的适宜栖息地;（2）保护区内共有蓝马鸡栖息地102.28 km²,约占保护区总面积的三分之一,其中适宜栖息地面积59.41 km²,次适宜栖息地面积42.87 km²,为该物种提供了面积巨大且连通性极好的栖息地;（3）在不适宜蓝马鸡分布的区域,海拔过高和最干月降水量较大是限制其栖息地适宜性的主要环境因子。目前保护区内主要的人为干扰类型是牦牛和马匹的放牧活动,并且放牧强度和区域有扩大趋势,潜在威胁着蓝马鸡种群及其栖息地。因此,基于模型结果和野外调查,为避免保护区内蓝马鸡栖息地的退化和破碎化,提出了控制放牧数量和面积、增强对放牧人员的宣传教育以及定期监测河流水质的保护建议,以期促进蓝马鸡的种群和栖息地保护。     

基于熵值法与变异系数的大熊猫分布区生态系统评价

近年来大熊猫栖息地、竹林的面积与野生种群数量均有较大增长,同时栖息地破碎化与局域种群隔离也有加剧趋势.正确认知当前大熊猫分布区生态系统的状态,对于大熊猫保护至关重要.以大熊猫分布区为研究区域,3次全国大熊猫调查为时间节点,依据等级系统理论对分布区及六大山系生态系统进行分解,联合应用熵值法、变异系数、相关性分析,基于全国大熊猫调查数据与相关文献数据,对分布区及六大山系生态系统演化规律进行了研究.发现在生态系统持续改善的背景下,不同山系生态系统的演化与现状存在差异性,六大山系可以分为3个组别,组内山系的生态系统具有较大共性,组间区别较大;同时,栖息地破碎化与局域种群隔离,造成生态系统质量的普遍下降.应因地制宜地制定差异化的生态保护措施,才能更好地实现各山系大熊猫生态系统的持续改善.     

西双版纳亚洲象的栖息地评价

本文利用亚洲象种群野外调查数据,结合3S技术,应用生态位因子分析（Ecological Niche Factor Analysis,ENFA）模型对西双版纳亚洲象的栖息地状况进行评价,并对适宜栖息地做出预测。结果表明：ENFA分析的边界值M=1.375＞1,耐受值T=0.478,说明亚洲象对环境条件有一定选择性和耐受性,但生态位仍不宽,专化程度较高;影响亚洲象栖息地质量的最重要因素为植被因素,尤其是竹林和竹阔混交林;在本研究中,象群在农地中的分布点占所有分布点的45.2%,它们对栖息地预测结果的影响显著,与有农地象分布点所预测的亚洲象栖息地相比,无农地象分布点所预测的亚洲象总栖息地面积共减少2652.5 km²,其中农地面积减少最大,共计1788 km²,所占比例由35.7%降低至6.3%,因此,有农地象分布点所预测得到的亚洲象栖息地分布是人为干扰模式下的亚洲象栖息地状况,而无农地象分布点所预测的亚洲象栖息地是真正适宜亚洲象生存的栖息地;这些栖息地主要分布在西双版纳国家级自然保护区的勐养、勐仑、勐腊、尚勇子保护区和纳板河流域国家级自然保护区内及其周边地区,且已呈现岛屿化,因此急需在勐养子保护区和普洱之间、勐腊和尚勇子保护区之间以及中国-老挝边境地区建立生态廊道以保护亚洲象种群的长期维持和健康发展。     

新疆准噶尔盆地东部波斑鸨秋季栖息地选择

2000年9月,利用粪便示踪和野外直接观察法对准噶尔盆地东部波斑鸨（Chlamydotis undulata)秋季栖息地进行了采样调查。结果表明：波斑鸨秋季栖息地地热平坦,视野开阔,广泛分布旱生和盐生荒膜植物,植被稀疏、低矮,并镶嵌有相对较高的灌丛块;影响波斑鸨秋季栖息地选择的环境因子是植被密度、物种丰富度和物候;秋季栖息地内的植被密度、草木植物种数、叉毛蓬密度、结实植物密度和物种数都极显著高于对照地内的相应成分;生长植物密度显著高于对照地;而假木贼密度和琵琶柴密度显著低于对照地。     

基于图论的两栖类生物栖息地网络规划——以黑斑侧褶蛙为例

生物多样性保护和生物栖息地网络建设是目前我国国土空间规划的重要内容,提升生物栖息地网络的景观功能连接度对生物多样性保护具有重要作用。目前,已有研究对生物栖息地网络规划进行了探索,但在实际规划层面仍缺乏可操作性强的技术方法支撑。本研究采用图论方法,聚焦国土空间规划中生物多样性保护和生态网络建设涉及的进行生物栖息地斑块重要性评价,以确定斑块优先保护次序;寻找最优新增斑块位置,以改善生物栖息地网络景观功能连接度;依据景观功能连接度的降低程度,判断建设项目的影响或评价规划新增建设项目的潜在影响3方面内容,在雄安新区两栖类生物黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculata)栖息地网络规划中进行应用研究。结果表明: 图论方法可以有效解决上述3方面的问题;本研究识别的5个最优新增黑斑侧褶蛙栖息地位置使栖息地网络整体景观功能连接度提升19%;通过评价G45高速公路对两栖类生物栖息地网络功能连接度的影响,找出了4个穿越通道设置以减弱G45高速公路的影响。     

人为干扰栖息地退化对潮间带中华鲎幼鲎种群数量的影响

栖息地退化是中华鲎（Tachypleus tridentatus）面临的主要威胁因素。然而,人类活动和中华鲎栖息地退化之间的关系研究尚且不足。为了厘清人类活动对中华鲎幼鲎栖息地退化的影响,以北部湾潮间带为研究范围,于2014、2017和2020年对潮间带中华鲎幼鲎丰度进行随机样方法调查,并获取对应年份遥感影像（分辨率30m）作为数据源,借助GIS空间分析、景观格局分析和人为干扰度指数（human disturbance index,HDI）模型,量化评估人为干扰对北部湾潮间带中华鲎幼鲎栖息地景观格局及种群丰度的影响。结果表明：（1）2014-2020年,北部湾潮间带幼鲎栖息地退化严重,无干扰类型景观面积逐渐减少,大部分转化为养殖;（2）北部湾潮间带人为干扰逐渐加强,无干扰等级HDI指数面积不断减少,潮间带大部分面积HDI指数呈增强趋势;（3） HDI指数与幼鲎种群丰度呈显著负相关性,HDI指数高值斑块不适合幼鲎生存。依据HDI指数动态变化及空间分布,可为潮间带中华鲎幼鲎种群栖息地景观格局优化及鲎人工放流增殖选址等保护行动提供理论依据。     

基于鸟类栖息地季节性变化的自然保护区动态分区管理——以安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区为例

鸟类栖息地会随着季节迁徙而改变,基于此对以珍稀濒危鸟类保护为主要目标的自然保护区进行动态分区管理,能够有效提高土地利用效率,协调生物多样性保护与其他生态系统服务功能利用。通过MaxEnt模型分析预测安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区鸟类繁殖季和越冬季的栖息地范围,并采用空间叠加分析方法得到动态分区方案。结果发现：繁殖季鸟类栖息地适宜性受到人口密度、丰水期土地利用类型、距居民点距离、距道路距离等环境因素的影响;越冬季鸟类受到距道路距离、人口密度、距枯水期水体距离、枯水期土地利用类型等环境因素的影响。运用ArcGIS水文工具分析出升金湖国家级自然保护区汇水单元作为其动态区划单元,根据鸟类栖息地季节性变化的特点结合分析结果叠加分析,将安徽升金湖国家级自然保护区划分为核心栖息地保护区、繁殖季栖息地保护区、越冬季栖息地保护区和一般控制区。核心栖息地保护区要进行全年严格保护,繁殖季栖息地保护区和越冬季栖息地保护区在相应鸟类栖息时段严格管控、非栖息时段可合理利用,一般控制区则全年可允许合理的行为活动。季节性动态分区方案注重解决安徽省升金湖国家级自然保护区生态环境保护和社区发展之间的矛盾问题,便于未来保护区生态保护规划决策的制定和实施,进一步丰富了以季节性栖息物种为主要保护对象的自然保护区的动态功能分区研究理论与方法体系,为制定提高自然保护区空间利用效率的生态管理策略提供了参考依据。综上,建议在升金湖国家级自然保护区生态环境保护和社区发展中,依据保护区季节性动态分区特征,实行分区管制,制定对应的生态环境保护和发展的措施。     

Response of medium‐ and large‐sized terrestrial fauna to corridor restoration along the middle Sacramento River

A fundamental challenge in restoration ecology is to understand when species are expected to colonize newly created habitat. Determining this is important for assessing progress toward restoration goals and, more generally, for gaining insight into ecosystem functioning and dynamics. We studied this question as it relates to mid‐ to large‐sized terrestrial fauna in restored riparian habitats at the Sacramento River National Wildlife Refuge, in northern California. We used camera traps to document use of 16 riparian corridor sites of varying restoration age. Comparisons of species richness (diversity) and visitation frequency (activity) were made across different‐aged sites. We found that predator diversity and activity levels tended to be higher in restored forests than in remnant forests, and that they tended to be highest in young restored forests. This trend persisted when data from variable sampling periods were pooled, although significant differences occurred more often in wet and cold sampling periods. The trend did not always hold for the animal community at large (consisting of both predator and non‐predator species). We conclude that restoration age affects predator diversity and activity levels in restored and remnant floodplain forests, and that predator communities can establish soon after restoration. Our results suggest that restoring natural river processes that promote habitat regeneration may benefit mid‐ to large‐sized terrestrial predators that appear to mostly use early successional habitat.     

The importance of physical habitat assessment for evaluating river health

1. Physical habitat is the living space of instream biota; it is a spatially and temporally dynamic entity determined by the interaction of the structural features of the channel and the hydrological regime. 2. This paper reviews the need for physical habitat assessment and the range of physical habitat assessment methods that have been developed in recent years. These methods are needed for assessing improvements made by fishery enhancement and river restoration procedures, and as an intrinsic element of setting environmental flows using instream flow methods. Consequently, the assessment methods must be able to evaluate physical habitat over a range of scales varying from the broad river segment scale (up to hundreds of kilometres) down to the microhabitat level (a few centimetres). 3. Rapid assessment methods involve reconnaissance level surveys (such as the habitat mapping approach) identifying, mapping and measuring key habitat features over long stretches of river in a relatively short space of time. More complex appraisals, such as the Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM), require more detailed information on microhabitat variations with flow. 4. Key research issues relating to physical habitat evaluation lie in deciding which levels of detail are appropriate for worthwhile yet cost-effective assessment, and in determining those features that are biologically important and hence can be considered habitat features rather than simple geomorphic features. 5. The development of new technologies particularly relating to survey methods should help improve the speed and level of detail attainable by physical habitat assessments. These methods will provide the necessary information required for the development of the two-and three-dimensional physical and hydraulic habitat models. 6. A better understanding of the ways in which the spatial and temporal dynamics of physical habitat determine stream health, and how these elements can be incorporated into assessment methods, remains a key research goal.     

Waste Not,Want Not: The Need to Utilize Existing Artificial Structures for Habitat Improvement Along Urban Rivers

Urban rivers have often experienced substantial engineering modification and consequently are highly degraded aquatic ecosystems with minimal riparian habitat. Habitat restoration and improvement efforts are needed within urban rivers to support ecological communities and increase ecosystem integrity. Most river restoration techniques are not feasible within large urban rivers, and so there is a need to develop novel methodologies. Artificial structures such as river walls can function as habitat for plant and invertebrate species in urban rivers, and in some cases can be more diverse than remnant habitat. Along the River Thames through central London, plant species richness was found to be significantly higher on river walls than intertidal foreshore, which represents the only remnant habitat for riparian species. Both this survey and other studies have suggested that the physical and environmental characteristics of river walls are likely to influence their capacity to function as ecological habitat, for example, walls composed of more complex construction materials (brick and boulders) being more diverse than simpler structures (concrete and sheet piling). The opportunity exists to use river walls and other artificial structures (e.g., jetties) to improve habitat along urban rivers by installing walls which are designed to be more complex, or by adding modifications to existing walls. Some trial modifications, such as the addition of wall ledges and timber fenders to sheet piling, have been installed at Deptford Creek along the River Thames, and have so far greatly supported the colonization and development of plant communities. The restoration possibilities of such modifications should be considered, and further development and rigorous testing of installations is required in urban rivers to make sound restoration recommendations.     

A mapping technique to evaluate age‐0 salmon habitat response from restoration

To combat decades of anthropogenic degradation, restoration programs seek to improve ecological conditions through habitat enhancement. Rapid assessments of condition are needed to support adaptive management programs and improve the understanding of restoration effects at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Previous attempts to evaluate restoration practices on large river systems have been hampered by assessment tools that are irreproducible or metrics without clear connections to population responses. We modified a demonstration flow assessment approach to assess the realized changes in habitat quantity and quality attributable to restoration effects. We evaluated the technique's ability to predict anadromous salmonid habitat and survey reproducibility on the Trinity River in northern California. Fish preference clearly aligned with a priori designations of habitat quality: the odds of observing rearing Chinook or coho salmon within high‐quality habitats ranged between 10 and 16 times greater than low qualities, and in all cases the highest counts were associated with highest quality habitat. In addition, the technique proved to be reproducible with “substantial” to “almost perfect” agreement of results from independent crews, a considerable improvement over a previous demonstration flow assessment. These results support the use of the technique for assessing changes in habitat from restoration efforts and for informing adaptive management decisions.     

Hydromorphological restoration of running waters: effects on benthic invertebrate assemblages

1. River restoration has received considerable attention, with much recent focus on restoring river hydromorphology to improve impoverished aquatic communities. However, we still lack a clear understanding of the response of aquatic biota to river restoration. 2. We studied the effects of hydromorphological restoration on benthic invertebrate assemblages in 25 river sites in Germany using standardised methods. Restoration efforts were primarily aimed to restore habitat heterogeneity; correspondingly, habitat diversity increased at most sites. 3. Similarity of benthic invertebrate assemblages between restored and unrestored river sections was low (mean similarity was 0.32 for Jaccard and 0.46 for Sørensen). Community‐based metrics, such as the percentage of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa, also differed between restored and unrestored sections. 4. Only three of the 25 restored sections were classified as having ‘good ecological quality’ class according to the European Water Framework Directive criteria; hence, poor water quality is probably one factor impeding recolonisation. 5. Our results show that isolated restoration measures do not necessarily result in positive effects on aquatic biota and that better understanding of the interconnectedness within a catchment is required before we can adequately predict biotic responses to structural river restoration.     

European water voles in a reconnected lowland river floodplain: habitat preferences and distribution patterns following the restoration of flooding

Water voles have suffered large population declines in the United Kingdom due to habitat degradation and predation by invasive American mink. Habitat restoration of floodplain wetlands could help to reverse this decline, but the detailed habitat preferences of water voles in these environments have not been well studied, and the impacts of restoration practices on water vole populations are not known. This study investigated the habitat preferences of water voles in a reconnected lowland river floodplain. The results show that water voles preferred wider water bodies, and taller and more diverse vegetation. The impact of flooding on water voles was also investigated by comparing their occurrence between two survey periods which were separated by large flood events, and by comparing distribution patterns before and after restoration. Contrary to previous reports, there was no observed negative impact of flood events on water vole distribution, which has slightly expanded since the floodplain was reconnected to the river in 2009. Overall this study demonstrates that restored wetlands can provide suitable habitat for water voles, and provides guidance on some of the factors which should be considered when designing floodplains for water vole conservation.     

Non-native species limit stream restoration benefits for brook trout

Success of stream restoration can be difficult to define because many interacting abiotic and biotic factors across spatio-temporal scales can have measurable effects. Consequently, failure in habitat restoration to achieve targeted biological goals may reflect interactions of habitat restoration with unaccounted risks that have yet to be addressed on the landscape. This is particularly true within invaded landscapes, where habitat restoration can benefit non-native competitors as much as the native fishes for which restoration is designed. We tested for interacting effects of a reach scale habitat restoration effort and non-native trout competition on habitat use by a brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) metapopulation within a productive main stem corridor of the Shavers Fork watershed, West Virginia. We used a joint species occupancy model within a BACI sampling design to show that brook trout occupancy of main stem habitat was highest post-restoration within restored sampling reaches, but this benefit to native brook trout was conditional on brown trout (Salmo trutta) not being present within the main stem habitat. Collectively these results indicate that habitat restoration was only beneficial for native brook trout when non-native trout were absent from the restored sampling area. Proactive approaches to restoration will be integral for supporting resilient ecosystems in response to future anthropogenic threats (e.g. climate change), and we have shown that such actions will only be successful if non-native competitors do not also benefit from the restoration actions.     

High‐resolution riparian vegetation mapping to prioritize conservation and restoration in an impaired desert river

In highly impaired watersheds, it is critical to identify both areas with desirable habitat as conservation zones and impaired areas with the highest likelihood of improvement as restoration zones. We present how detailed riparian vegetation mapping can be used to prioritize conservation and restoration sites within a riparian and instream habitat restoration program targeting 3 native fish species on the San Rafael River, a desert river in southeastern Utah, United States. We classified vegetation using a combination of object‐based image analysis (OBIA) on high‐resolution (0.5 m), multispectral, satellite imagery with oblique aerial photography and field‐based data collection. The OBIA approach is objective, repeatable, and applicable to large areas. The overall accuracy of the classification was 80% (Cohen's κ = 0.77). We used this high‐resolution vegetation classification alongside existing data on habitat condition and aquatic species' distributions to identify reaches' conservation value and restoration potential to guide management actions. Specifically, cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima) density layers helped to establish broad restoration and conservation reach classes. The high‐resolution vegetation mapping precisely identified individual cottonwood trees and tamarisk thickets, which were used to determine specific locations for restoration activities such as beaver dam analogue structures in cottonwood restoration areas, or strategic tamarisk removal in high‐density tamarisk sites. The site prioritization method presented here is effective for planning large‐scale river restoration and is transferable to other desert river systems elsewhere in the world.     

Spatial Scaling of Environmental Variables Improves Species-Habitat Models of Fishes in a Small,Sand-Bed Lowland River

Habitat suitability and the distinct mobility of species depict fundamental keys for explaining and understanding the distribution of river fishes. In recent years, comprehensive data on river hydromorphology has been mapped at spatial scales down to 100 m, potentially serving high resolution species-habitat models, e.g., for fish. However, the relative importance of specific hydromorphological and in-stream habitat variables and their spatial scales of influence is poorly understood. Applying boosted regression trees, we developed species-habitat models for 13 fish species in a sand-bed lowland river based on river morphological and in-stream habitat data. First, we calculated mean values for the predictor variables in five distance classes (from the sampling site up to 4000 m up- and downstream) to identify the spatial scale that best predicts the presence of fish species. Second, we compared the suitability of measured variables and assessment scores related to natural reference conditions. Third, we identified variables which best explained the presence of fish species. The mean model quality (AUC = 0.78, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) significantly increased when information on the habitat conditions up- and downstream of a sampling site (maximum AUC at 2500 m distance class, +0.049) and topological variables (e.g., stream order) were included (AUC = +0.014). Both measured and assessed variables were similarly well suited to predict species’ presence. Stream order variables and measured cross section features (e.g., width, depth, velocity) were best-suited predictors. In addition, measured channel-bed characteristics (e.g., substrate types) and assessed longitudinal channel features (e.g., naturalness of river planform) were also good predictors. These findings demonstrate (i) the applicability of high resolution river morphological and instream-habitat data (measured and assessed variables) to predict fish presence, (ii) the importance of considering habitat at spatial scales larger than the sampling site, and (iii) that the importance of (river morphological) habitat characteristics differs depending on the spatial scale.     

河流生境的评估方法及应用的研究进展

河流生境是水生生物赖以生存的物理、化学和生物环境的综合体, 是河流生态系统的重要组成部分。河流生境评价有助于掌握河流的生态健康状况, 识别河流退化的原因, 为河流的生态修复提供依据。文章梳理总结了20世纪80年代至2018年文献中报道的全球范围内河流生境评估的方法, 然后根据每种方法的侧重点和目标, 将它们分为预测模型法和多指标综合评估法两种类型, 并比较了它们各自的优势和不足。预测模型法适于长期的生境动态监测, 但该方法需要以自然无干扰的河流为参照, 并且需要大量历史数据, 统一评估不易实现; 多指标综合评估法评估相对快速方便, 但评估过程复杂, 且评价标准不一, 结果有一定的局限性。这些方法的适用范围从中小型的可涉水河流到较大的不可涉水河流, 但适用于大型不可涉水河流的生境评估方法和案例非常有限。通过分类整理, 发现我国河流生境评估方法多是参考国外几种常用的河流评估方法, 种类单一, 而且多是针对个别河流, 并且未对这些河流所在的流域的生境状况进行深入研究, 广适性较差。因此, 文章从以下几个方面对我国河流生境评估体系的发展提出几点建议: (1)确定科学和标准化的评分指标, 因地制宜, 以满足不同河流特征; (2)扩大评估范围, 从流域和景观尺度开展生境监测, 关注全流域的健康状况; (3)扩大时间尺度, 建立模型, 进行长期的动态评估; (4)鼓励政府宏观规划, 促进不同管理部门间的合作, 整合不同地区的河流生境数据并建立国家尺度的河流生境大数据库, 以实现我国河流生态健康的维护和流域的可持续发展。