复合诱变在青霉高产菊粉酶菌株选育中的应用

以Penicillium sp．B01为出发菌株,经吖黄素或DES（硫酸二乙酯）分别与^60Co-γ射线对其孢子悬液进行复合诱变。经过初筛和复筛,在30μg／mL吖黄素诱变时间2h,剂量率为4．11Gy／min的^60Co-γ射线辐射使累计剂量为20．55Gy复合诱变的条件下,筛选出一株菊粉酶活比出发菌株高32％的突变菌株B01-A13-Co31。经同工酶电泳验证,变异株与出发菌株相比酶带有所变化。将此菌种连续传代6次进行产酶性能的稳定性测定,表明此菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

The induction of pigmentation change in a non-acid-fast strain ofMycobacterium phlei by ultraviolet radiation

Five scotochromogenic mutants and 11 achromogenic mutants were induced by UV irradiation of the non-acid-fast photochromogenic PN strain ofMycobacterium phlei. Spontaneous scotochromogenic and achromogenic mutants were not obtained. Colonies of the scotochromogenic mutants are orange, except for one mutant which is ochre. Three mutants are resistant to STM. Out of 11 achromogenic mutants 3 were induced by UV treatment of the original photochromogenic strain, 8 were prepared from the scotochromogenic mutant. No significant differences in the sensitivity to UV rays were found among the scotochromogenic mutant, achromogenic mutant and the photochromogenic PN strain ofMycobacterium phlei under the given experimental conditions. Scotochromogenic mutants and most achromogenic mutants are stable and suitable for further genetic investigation. Pigmentation changes can be used as genetic marker in mutation studies.     

阿维链霉菌的诱变育种

以阿维链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)76-12为出发菌株,采用亚硝基胍、吖啶橙、紫外线和氯化锂分别对其孢子和原生质体进行诱变,经抗代谢物理性筛选,获得一系列高产突变株,其中N-1-2高产突变株的发酵单位是出发菌株的2.47倍。实验中同时获得了只产阿维菌素a组分的突变株G-32、Bla组分含量高的Ave8菌株和产蓝绿色孢子的突变株UA-G等。     

果胶酶高产菌株的紫外线及硫酸二乙酯的诱变育种

以HDYM-02为出发菌株,用紫外线及硫酸二乙酯进行诱变,从大量突变株中进行筛选,选育出2株产果胶酶性质稳定且酶活明显提高的突变株UV-21和DES-1,株相比其产酶期提前,前者在24h时的酶活力为出发菌株的1．6倍,后者在12h的酶活力为出发菌株的1．44倍。     

低能离子诱变选育华根霉高产L-乳酸菌株的研究

对L-乳酸产生菌华根霉(Rhizopus chinensis)适宜产酸的条件进行了初步研究和优化,并利用10 keV氮离子对出发菌L-乳酸产率进行诱变。为比较出发菌株和突变菌株在分子水平的差异,利用108条RAPD随机引物对出发菌株和突变菌株进行了比较分析。结果表明:在葡萄糖90‰、(NH4)2SO42‰、KH2PO40.6‰、Mg-SO4.7H2O 0.25‰、ZnSO4.7H2O 0.05‰、CaCO350.0‰pH值自然,接种量在5%左右,34℃,200 r/min的培养条件下,可获得较高的L-乳酸产量(28.8 g/L)。氮离子注入诱发L-乳酸产量突变的适宜剂量为1.30×1015ions/cm2。筛选获得的突变株RC-H13 L-乳酸含量为33.7 g/L,比出发菌株提高17%,且遗传稳定性较好。在RAPD分析中108条引物有3条在两池间表现多态性,差异条带的频率为0.67%。     

60Co-γ射线诱变选育富硒酵母菌株

本试验以产朊假丝酵母菌(Candida utilis)为出发菌株,通过60Co-γ射线诱变,采用Na2SeO3抗性平板初筛和摇瓶培养复筛的方法,获得了一株高硒和高硒蛋氨酸含量的菌株CU7,与出发菌株相比,生物量达到10.58g/L、总硒提高了2.01倍.硒蛋氨酸的含量提高了2.44倍,硒蛋氨酸与总硒的比值也由49.85...     

莱氏野村菌紫外线诱变抗敌敌畏菌株的生理特性

[背景]夜蛾科害虫易对化学杀虫剂产生高抗性,但一些化学农药可以对部分虫生真菌的毒力作用效果起增幅作用,目前缺乏对莱氏野村菌(Nomuraea rileyi)的该方面研究.[目的]探究对常用有机磷杀虫剂敌敌畏具有较强耐药性的紫外线诱变莱氏野村菌突变菌株的生理特性,包括菌丝生长、产孢情况和产几丁质酶活性.[方法]在紫外线诱...     

灰黄霉素菌的诱变效应

以灰黄霉素产生菌D－756为出发菌株,经过三代紫外线＋氯化锂诱变处理,获得耐氯变株F－1012,该变株在形态特征及产量、耐氯性等方面均发生变化,当发酵培养基中的氯化物浓度由1.5%提高到2.0%,F－1012的大米孢子效价提高了34.5%;当固体平板培养基中氯化物浓度提高到11％时,F－1012的孢子存活率比出发菌株提高了25.5％。     

氯化锂诱变选育3-羟基丙酸高产菌株

本文以实验室筛选得到的翰逊德巴利酵母菌(Debaryomyces hansenii)DH01为出发菌株,利用氯化锂诱变选育3-羟基丙酸(3HP)产量高并且可以用于实际生产的突变株。经过两轮氯化锂诱变,筛选得到一株产酸量较高的菌株wt06。在培养温度为28℃,120 r/min的条件下,经过48 h培养后,该菌株3HP的产量最高达到23.70 g/L,是原始菌株产量的5.44倍,且该菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

黑曲霉原生质体诱变选育β-葡萄糖苷酶高产菌株

本研究报道了以原生质体诱变技术选育高产β-葡萄糖苷酶的黑曲霉菌株,并研究了其发酵特性。以黑曲霉CGMCC3.316为出发菌株,通过紫外诱变得到突变株3-3M。然后以3-3M为供试菌株,研究了其原生质体制备与再生的条件。最后通过原生质体诱变,选育得到一株β-葡萄糖苷酶活力较高的突变株60B-3D。该菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性,酶活力平均达到23IU/mL,与出发菌株CGMCC3.316相比提高39%。此外,该菌株的木聚糖酶活力也有所增加。同时考察了黑曲霉60B-3D的发酵特性,并与3-3M和出发菌株进行比较,结果表明该菌株有较高的蛋白分泌能力。本研究为发酵生产β-葡萄糖苷酶提供了一株良好的供试菌株。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌产VK2菌株的NTG与N＋注入复合诱变选育

以纳豆芽孢杆菌BN-2-6为出发菌株,利用亚硝基胍（NTG）和N＋注入复合诱变选育产维生素K2的突变株。经过NTG诱变后得到突变株BN-N30—1,其维生素K2的产量提高了53％,继而采用低能N＋注入技术进行处理得到突变株BN-P15—11-1,维生素K2的产量比BN—N30—1提高了96％,比原始菌株提高了166％。结果表明,对纳豆芽孢杆菌BN-2-6进行NTG和低能N＋注入复合诱变的效果明显,突变菌株维生素K2的产量显著提高。     

高产γ-氨基丁酸低产桔霉素红曲霉(Monascus ruber)突变子1047筛选与发酵特性研究

以红曲米中筛选到的红色红曲霉菌株G为原始菌株,通过农杆菌介导T-DNA插入突变技术,成功构建了含有1 483株红曲霉突变子的T-DNA插入突变库。用HPLC等方法从突变库中筛选出10株γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)产量稳定高于原始菌株G的突变子,薄层层析结合HPLC技术分析了10株突变子发酵液中桔霉素的含量;其中突变子1047的GABA产量较高,为1.169g/L,是原始菌株G(GABA产量0.472g/L)的247.67%,桔霉素含量稳定低于原始菌株G。以红曲霉菌株G和突变子1047为实验材料,通过5 L发酵罐发酵并定时取样,HPLC等方法精确分析发酵液各种活性物质的含量;结果显示,突变子1047生长速度稍快于原始菌株G;GABA、莫纳可林K(Monacolin K)、红曲色素色价分别为2.201 g/L、83.892 mg/L、21.984 U/mL,是原始菌株G的279.67%、108.01%和182.35%;而桔霉素产量为1.976 mg/L,是原始菌株G的41.71%。因此,利用TDNA插入的方法对红曲霉进行育种,能产生稳定的遗传变化,在红曲霉资源的保护和利用上有一定潜力。     

腐乳毛霉蛋白酶菌株紫外线诱变育种

目的：选育酶活力高、耐热性好的毛霉蛋白酶菌株,用于腐乳发酵实验或生产。方法：从腐乳中分离毛霉蛋白酶菌株,对其出发菌株进行紫外线诱变,并经控温培养,选育优良变株。结果：获得一株酶活力高、耐热性强的优良变株SCLG—毛霉16,该菌株在32℃条件下,生长茂盛,其HE值为1.39、蛋白酶活力为180.375u/g,分别较出发菌株高出7.8%和51.4%。结论：将此优良变株用于腐乳发酵实验或生产,在缩短发酵时间,提升腐乳质量,延长生产季节等方面具有一定的应用价值。     

瑞拉菌素产生菌RL-2的诱变育种

本研究以委内瑞拉链霉菌秦岭变种RL-2(Streptomyces venezuelaevar. qinlingensis RL-2)为出发菌株, 分别采用紫外线、氯化锂及紫外线加氯化锂的复合诱变方式对其孢子悬液进行诱变处理。在复合诱变的紫外线照射时间为45 s和氯化锂浓度为0.4%的情况下, 获得一株瑞拉菌素的高产突变菌株UVL-108且连续传接6代其遗传特性较稳定。采用双向培养及生长速率法对其进行初筛和复筛, 结果表明: UVL-108的拮抗性能较出发菌株提高了77%, 其发酵液对稻瘟病菌的抑菌毒力是出     

超高压对漆酶产生菌的诱变效应研究

对漆酶产生菌灵芝和鸡腿菇进行超高压处理,发现致死率随剂量的增加而增加,在致死率为50%~80%的范围内诱变效果较好。实验获得了2株具有较大应用潜力的灵芝高压突变株G1502和鸡腿菇高压突变株C2003,其中G1502酶活比出发菌株提高了2.83倍,发酵时间缩短了1d;C2003酶活比原菌株提高了2.57倍,发酵时间也缩短了1d。     

Screening the Fusarium graminearum inhibitory mutant strain from Bacillus subtilis by atmospheric-pressure plasma jet

Aims:  The aim of this study was to improve the antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis JA towards Fusarium graminearum by screening high-yielding mutant using the atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ).
Methods and Results:  Atmospheric-pressure plasma jet was applied as mutagenic source for breeding high-yielding mutant strain. Helium was used as APPJ operating gas. The mutation effects of different treatment times of APPJ were studied. The mutant strain designated as B. subtilis B06 was successfully screened out, which showed higher antagonistic activity against F. graminearum in vitro . Its inhibition zone against the indicator fungus increased by 23% compared to the original one. HPLC and ESI (electrospray ionization) mass spectrometry analysis indicated that antifungal compounds produced by the mutant and original strain belonged to the lipopeptide, surfactin and iturin families. The mutant strain showed favourable properties of faster growth in the fermentation process and higher production of antibiotics. The lipopeptide production of the mutant was 2·3-fold as that of the original strain.
Conclusions:  A mutant strain with strong antagonistic activity and high yielding of antibiotics was obtained by APPJ in this study. The mutant could be used as a promising biocontrol agent in agriculture.
Significance and Impact of Study:  This study provides a novel mutagenic source for breeding high-yielding microbial mutant, which would be very useful in the application of some valuable metabolites from micro-organism.     

花生四烯酸油脂高产菌株的选育

以高山被孢霉为出发菌株,抗氧化剂——没食子酸辛酯为筛选剂,经过紫外-LiCl复合诱变处理,筛选出抗脂肪酸脱氢酶抑制剂的菌株。将筛选出的菌株经过摇瓶发酵复筛,筛选到1株生产性能优于出发菌株的突变株R807。与原始菌株相比,该菌株的油脂组成脂肪酸分布中C18系列脂肪酸相对较少,花生四烯酸(ARA)占总脂肪酸的含量保持在40%(质量分数)以上。其菌体生物量达到39.2 g/L,油脂产量达到16.3 g/L,ARA占总脂肪酸含量为41.72%(质量分数),ARA产量达6.81 g/L。各数值比原始菌株分别提高了22.9%、3.2%、35.1%和39.8%。连续传代多次,其产量性状无显著变化。     

60Coγ射线诱变褐色高温单孢菌及其在粪便发酵中的应用研究

本试验以褐色高温单孢菌(Therm om onospora fusca)为出发菌株,通过60Coγ射线诱变孢子悬液,采用透明圈法初筛和摇瓶培养复筛的方法,获得了一株纤维素酶高产菌株AV5,与出发菌株相比,其产酶能力提高1.8倍。接种牛粪发酵后,牛粪中粗纤维含量降低率为32.95%,是接种出发菌株相对降解率的1.7倍。     

Adaptation to phenylacetamide as a growth substrate by an acetanilide-utilizing mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mutants able to utilize phenylacetamide as sole nitrogen source were isolated from the acetanilide (N-phenylacetamide)-utilizing Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant strain AI3 and from its parent strain L10. Growth properties of the mutants (Ph strains) on amide media and the physicochemical properties of their amidases in cell free extracts indicated that their phenylacetamidase activities were attributable to alterations in their amidases. Differences in amide hydrolase specificities between the AI3-and the L10-Ph mutants were observed. The AI3 group had a high level of activity towards 4-nitrophenylacetamide, activity towards phenylacetyl-4-nitroaniline but, unlike strain AI3, no activity towards acetyl-4-nitroaniline; the L10 group had a low activity towards 4-nitrophenylacetamide, no activity towards phenylacetyl-4-nitroaniline but retained the low level of activity towards acetyl-4-nitroaniline exhibited by strain L10. Confirmation of the association between these altered specificition of alterations in amidases was obtained from analysis of the properties of phenylacetamidases purified from an AI3-Ph mutant (pH5) and an L 10-Ph mutant (Ph14). The original mutation in the amidase gene of strain AI3 appeared responsible for the differences between the two groups of Ph mutants and the binding interactions with acetanilide that it determined were eliminated in AI3-Ph mutants.     

Glucose repression of anthracycline formation in Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius

The effect of glucose on growth and anthracycline production by Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius was examined in a chemically defined medium. Glucose concentrations above 100 mM inhibited anthracycline synthesis in the original strain without causing significant change in growth and final pH values. This effect was observed when the carbohydrate was added initially or after 24 h fermentation, but not when added during the stationary growth phase. When the microorganism was pregrown in 100 mM glucose and then transferred to a resting cell system with 444 mM glucose, no significant differences in antibiotic production were observed compared to the control without glucose. The negative effect of glucose on antibiotic synthesis was not observed in a mutant (2-dog^R–21) resistant to growth inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose. Glucose consumption by this mutant was approximately 30% of that utilized by the original strain. Compared to the original strain, the mutant 2-dog^R–21 exhibited a reduction of 50% in glucose transport and an 85% decrease in glucose kinase activity. The experimental evidence obtained suggests that glucose represses anthracycline formation in a transitory manner and that this effect is related to glucose transport and phosphorylation. Received: 15 January 1999 / Received revision: 7 April 1999 / Accepted: 1 May 1999