柞蚕核型多角体病毒(ApNPV)转移载体质粒pAp M2614的组建

自从美国科学家G.Smith等首次建立苜蓿尺蠖核型多角体病毒(AcNPV)转移载体表达系统以来,已被广泛用于外源基因的表达,成为世界上一新的具有巨大潜力的载体表达系统。为了进一步提高表达产量,降低成本,日本科学家前田进建立了家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)载体表达系统,并获得了高效表达。柞蚕是我国特产,以蛹滞育越冬,保存时间长,个体大,可工厂化生产。因此,组建柞蚕NPV转移载体,进而建立该载体表达系统,是目前利用昆虫活体为宿主进行外源基因表达较理想的昆虫杆状病毒载体表达系统。     

Sequence and analysis of the DNA encoding protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis

The nucleotide sequence of the protective antigen (PA) gene from Bacillus anthracis and the 5' and 3' flanking sequences were determined. PA is one of three proteins comprising anthrax toxin; and its nucleotide sequence is the first to be reported from B. anthracis. The open reading frame (ORF) is 2319 bp long, of which 2205 bp encode the 735 amino acids of the secreted protein. This region is preceded by 29 codons, which appear to encode a signal peptide having characteristics in common with those of other secreted proteins. A consensus TATAAT sequence was located at the putative -10 promoter site. A Shine-Dalgarno site similar to that found in genes of other Bacillus sp. was located 7 bp upstream from the ATG start codon. The codon usage for the PA gene reflected its high A + T (69%) base composition and differed from those of genes for bacterial proteins from most other sequences examined. The TAA translation stop codon was followed by an inverted repeat forming a potential termination signal. In addition, a 192-codon ORF of unknown significance, theoretically encoding a 21.6-kDa protein, preceded the 5' end of the PA gene.     

青霉素G酰化酶操纵子的负调控因子的研究

青霉素G酰化酶(PA)操纵子的调节基因(pacR)存在于青霉素G酰化酶结构基因(pac)内部Dral-Taql一段约500bp的DNA片段内,此片段内含有2个ORF。2个ORF及其突变体分别克隆到pUC18得到一系列重组质粒,用这些重组质粒转化青霉素G酰化酶产生菌E.coliD816,测定克隆片段对PA表达的影响。如果克隆片段含有具功能的pacR,诱导剂苯乙酸(PAA)不能使由高拷贝却pacR表达的阻抑物全部失活,部分阻抑物结合pac操纵基因,阻碍RNA聚合酶对pac的转录,因此PA的表达量降低。结果表明,阻抑物是由pac结构基因内部的ORF2编码的蛋白因子,pacR即ORF2。RNA—DNA杂交实验证实了pacR在转录水平阻抑pac的表达。     

Escherichia coli plasmid vectors containing synthetic translational initiation sequences and ribosome binding sites fused with the lacZ gene

The construction of a series of Escherichia coli plasmid vectors suitable for assaying the effects of gene control signals fused with the E. coli lacZ gene is reported. A synthetic deoxyoligonucleotide dodecamer 5'-CATGAATTCATG GTACTTAAGTAC-5' containing two translation initiation codons (ATG) separated by an EcoRI site was ligated with a lacZ gene derivative which lacks the codons for the first eight amino acids in plasmid pMC1403 (Casadaban et al., 1980). Two ribosome-binding sequences were synthesised and inserted into the EcoRI site before an ATG, and the effects of these sequences on lacZ gene expression in vivo measured by assaying beta-galactosidase activity. The E. coli ribosomal RNA gene (rrnB) promoter, the tetracycline resistance gene promoter, and a lambda phage promoter were cloned using these plasmids. The plasmids are 9.9 kb in size, have ampicillin resistance as a selectable marker and are generally useful for the detection and in vivo assay of gene control regions.     

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase of Bacillus stearothermophilus molecular cloning and expression of the gene

The gene of the lysyl-tRNA synthetase of Bacillus stearothermophilus NCA1503 was cloned and sequenced. The gene consists of 1485 bp nucleotides commencing with an ATG start codon and ending with a TAA stop codon, and encodes a polypeptide of 493 amino acids. The recombinant enzymes were expressed in E. coli using an expression plasmid containing the T7 RNA polymerase/promoter.     

Influence of the codon following the AUG initiation codon on the expression of a modified lacZ gene in Escherichia coli.

In a lacZ expression vector (pMC1403Plac), all 64 codons were introduced immediately 3' from the AUG initiation codon. The expression of the second codon variants was measured by immunoprecipitation of the plasmid-coded fusion proteins. A 15-fold difference in expression was found among the codon variants. No distinct correlation could be made with the level of tRNA corresponding to the codons and large differences were observed between synonymous codons that use the same tRNA. Therefore the effect of the second codon is likely to be due to the influence of its composing nucleotides, presumably on the structure of the ribosomal binding site. An analysis of the known sequences of a large number of Escherichia coli genes shows that the use of codons in the second position deviates strongly from the overall codon usage in E. coli. It is proposed that codon selection at the second position is not based on requirements of the gene product (a protein) but is determined by factors governing gene regulation at the initiation step of translation.     

鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)生长激素基因克隆及原核表达

采用逆转录—聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）方法,从鲤鱼脑垂体总ＲＮＡ中扩增出编码鲤鱼生长激素（ＧＨ）成熟肽基因序列．定向克隆至质粒ｐＵＣ１８,克隆的鲤鱼ＧＨｃＤＮＡ不含信号肽序列并以新的起始密码子ＡＴＧ取代鲤鱼ＧＨｃＤＮＡ第１个密码子ＴＣＡ．序列分析表明,与Ｋｏｒｅｎ报道的鲤鱼ＧＨｃＤＮＡ相比有两个碱基差异,但推断的氨基酸序列完全一致．将鲤鱼ＧＨｃＤＮＡ定向克隆至原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０,构建成重组鲤鱼ＧＨ基因表达载体ｐＢＶｃＧＨ８．ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和薄层扫描分析表明：经４２℃诱导,ｐＢＶｃＧＨ８在大肠杆菌中可表达一分子量约２２０００的特异蛋白,表达量占细胞总蛋白的２９．２％．该基因重组的鲤鱼ＧＨ添加到饲料中投喂罗非鱼,证实有明显的促进生长作用     

Cloning and study of Corynebacterium glutamicum genes complementing ilvA and thrA2 mutations in Escherichia coli

Molecular cloning and expression of Corynebacterium glutamicum genes complementing Escherichia coli mutations thrA2 and ilvA was performed. It was demonstrated that the thrA2 gene of C. glutamicum is located close to thrB on EcoRI DNA fragment 4.1 kb long. The fragment was cloned in pUC18 vector. The thrA2 gene is expressed in the recombinant plasmid pOBT3 under control of the vector pUC18 Plac promoter. In E. coli minicells, the genes thrA2 and thrB determined synthesis of proteins of Mr 43kD and 25 kD, respectively. A gene complementing ilvA mutation of E. coli was identified in a library of EcoRI C. glutamicum DNA fragments. This library was constructed using plasmid vector. It was shown that the ilvA gene of C. glutamicum is located inside the 3.6 kb EcoRI fragment and is expressed using its own promoter.     

麦迪霉素产生菌酮基还原酶基因的研究

将麦迪霉素产生菌基因文库中与放线紫红索酮基还原酶基因actⅢ有同源性的4·0kb DNA片段克隆到质粒载体pWHM3中,构成重组质粒pCB4。将质粒pCB4转入酮基还原酶基因缺陷菌株——加利利链霉菌ATCC3167l中,得到转化子。转化子发酵产物经TLC和HPLC分析证明是阿克拉菌酮,与加利利链霉菌原株ATCC31133的产物相同,说明麦迪霉素产生菌酮基还原酶基因互补了加利利链霉菌ATCC31671中缺陷的酮基还原酶基因,使其恢复了产生阿克拉菌酮的能力。4．Okb DNA片段插入方向相反的重组质粒pCBR4在加利利链霉菌ATCC31671中发酵产物经TLC分析证明也是阿克拉菌酮,这说明4．0kbDNA片段中麦迪霉素产生菌酮基还原酶基因具有自身的启动子。对4．0kb DNA片段进行了限制酶酶切分析,建立了其酶切图谱。以actⅢ基因为探针,经分子杂交以及亚克隆和DNA转化实验,将麦迪霉索产生菌酮基还原酶基因定位于BssH Ⅱ—BamH Ⅰ 1．3kb DNA片段上。对1．3kb DNA片段核苷酸序列分析结果表明：此1．3kbDNA片段中含有一个独立的ORF,起始密码ATG,终止密码TAG,含783bp;在起始密码上游有GGAGG5个核苷酸SD序列;此ORF编码260个氨基酸,与actⅢ基因编码的261个氨基酸相似性为77．4%,相同性为66．7％,对麦迪霉素产生苗酮基还原酶基因的可能作用进行了讨论。     

Identification of expression signals of the mycobacteriophages Bxb1, L1 and TM4 using the Escherichia-Mycobacterium shuttle plasmids pYUB75 and pYUB76 designed to create translational fusions to the lacZ gene.

Mycobacterial expression signals were cloned using specially constructed gene fusion shuttle plasmid probes carrying a truncated Escherichia coli lacZ (beta-galactosidase) gene which lacked a promoter, a ribosome binding site, and an ATG start codon. Libraries of mycobacteriophage Bxb1, L1 and TM4 DNAs were constructed, and introduced by electroporation into Mycobacterium smegmatis and the 'bacille Calmette-Guérin' (BCG). Clones carrying mycobacterial expression sequences were detected by their blue colour or characteristic fluorescence when plated on media containing chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates. Varying degrees of beta-galactosidase expression were observed, and one Bxb1 expression signal was identified where beta-galactosidase expression is repressed in phage lysogens.     

Duplication of a synthetic gene for human leukocyte interferon and its expression in polycistron mRNA with coupled translation system

Using a chemically synthesised adapter, the coding part of an artificial gene for human leukocyte alpha 2 interferon (ifn-alpha 2) has been duplicated. The adapter contained a termination signal of the first gene (TAA) within the Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the second gene (TAAGGA), distance between the terminating codon and starting codon of the second gene being 11 nucleotides. In another case this distance was 69 nucleotides, with the same SD sequence. The expression of the tandems as a part of polycistrons has been studied under control of promoters Plac, (Ptrp)2 of E. coli, and PVIII of M13 phage. It was found that tandems of ifn-alpha 2 genes in polycistronic structures trp L-ifn-ifn and IX-VIII-ifn-ifn under control of promoters (Ptrp)2 and PVIII, respectively, provided high level of the interferon biosynthesis, thus differing from the tandem under Plac promoter control, which had only ifn-ifn translation coupling.