维甲酸对高氧暴露下原代培养的胎鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞和成纤维细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

探讨高氧暴露对原代培养的胎鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞（AECⅡ）、成纤维细胞（LFs）增殖和凋亡的影响以及维甲酸（RA）的保护作用机制。通过建立高氧暴露原代培养的胎鼠AECⅡ和LFs模型,以RA作为干预方式,采用流式细胞术（膜联蛋白V—PI双标记）检测AECⅡ和LFs凋亡,Western印迹检测AECⅡ增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）、p53及caspase-3表达和LFs PCNA表达。结果发现：（1）与空气对照比较,高氧暴露12h,膜联蛋白V（＋）PI（-）和膜联蛋白V（＋）PI（＋）标记AECⅡ数均显著升高（14．41±1．15 vs 2．80±0．19,P＜0．01;61．07±3．06 vs 1．49±0．11,P＜0．01）;RA对空气暴露下AECⅡ坏死、凋亡无明显影响,但明显下调高氧暴露下膜联蛋白V（＋）PI（-）和膜联蛋白V（＋）PI（＋）标记AECⅡ数（8．04±0．79 vs 14．41±1．15,P＜0．01;27．57±2．32 vs 61．07±3．06,P＜0．01）。（2）高氧、RA对LFs坏死、凋亡无明显影响。（3）高氧暴露12h,明显降低AECⅡPCNA表达（P＜0．01）,显著提高其p53（P＜0．01）和caspase-3活性片段（P＜0．01）表达;RA显著上调高氧暴露下AECⅡPCNA表达（P＜0．01）,下调其p53和caspase-3活化片段表达（P＜0．01）。（4）高氧、RA对LFs PCNA表达无明显影响。由此提示,高氧暴露,导致AECⅡ大量凋亡、坏死,增殖受到抑制,同时,LFs所受影响较小,两种细胞对高氧暴露的差异性行为可能是导致未成熟肺组织异常重构的重要原因;RA通过降低AECⅡ凋亡、坏死从而对高氧肺损伤具有保护作用。     

与成纤维细胞共培养的肺泡II型上皮细胞的生物学特性

建立胎鼠肺泡II型上皮细胞(AECII)与肺成纤维细胞(LF)共培养模型,观察与LF共培养下AECII的生物学特性。倒置相差显微镜观察AECII形态和基本生长情况;RT-PCR和流式细胞术分别检测肺泡表面活性蛋白-C(SP-C)、水通道蛋白5(AQP5)mRNA及蛋白质表达;流式细胞术检测细胞周期及Ki67表达。结果显示,与LF共培养时,AECII能较好地保留其细胞形态,SP-CmRNA及其蛋白质表达明显增加,而AQP5mRNA及其蛋白质表达则明显减少;LF促进AECII增殖,使G2/M、S期细胞及表达Ki67 细胞的比率明显增多。结果提示,AECII与LF共培养时,能更好地保留其细胞形态、分化及增殖特性。     

与成纤维细胞共培养的肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞的生物学特性

建立胎鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞（AECⅡ）与肺成纤维细胞（LF）共培养模型,观察与LF共培养下AECⅡ的生物学特性。倒置相差显微镜观察AECⅡ形态和基本生长情况：RT-PCR和流式细胞术分别检测肺泡表面活性蛋白-C（SP-C）、水通道蛋白5（AQPS）mRNA及蛋白质表达;流式细胞术检测细胞周期及Ki67表达。结果显示,与LF共培养时,AECⅡ能较好地保留其细胞形态。SP-C mRNA及其蛋白质表达明显增加,而AQP5mRNA及其蛋白质表达则明显减少;LF促进AECⅡ增殖,使G2／M、S期细胞及表达Ki67^＋细胞的比率明显增多。结果提示,AECⅡ与LF共培养时,能更好地保留其细胞形态、分化及增殖特性。     

小鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞类器官三维培养体系的建立

本研究旨在建立小鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞(type 2 alveolar epithelial cells, AT2)类器官三维(three-dimensional, 3D)培养体系的方法。采用酶消化与磁珠分选分离和纯化ICR小鼠肺AT2细胞,proSPC免疫荧光染色鉴定AT2细胞纯度;2维(two-dimensional, 2D)培养8 d,5-乙炔基-2’脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine, EdU)掺入和荧光染色法观察AT2细胞的增殖与分化;将AT2细胞与小鼠肺成纤维细胞(mouse lung fibroblasts, Mlg) 3D共培养,光学显微镜下观察类器官生长情况,收集生长13d的类器官,2%多聚甲醛固定后行HE染色,荧光染色观察类器官内部形态结构。结果显示,提取AT2细胞纯度超过95%;在体外培养1～8 d期间,AT2细胞EdU荧光染色阴性,未见增殖;AT2细胞形状逐渐趋向扁平鳞状、细胞表面积显著增大;在体外培养3 d后,有部分AT2细胞特异性标志物proSPC阳性细胞开始出现I型肺泡上皮细胞(type 1 alveolar epithelia...     

抑制circPVT1对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及其相关机制研究

为探讨circPVT1对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及分子机制,该实验将瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞分为si-NC组、si-circPVT1组、miR-NC组、miR-194-5p组、si-circPVT1+anti-miR-NC组以及si-circPVT1+anti-miR-194-5p组.RT-qPCR检测circPV...     

肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞自噬体与结核分枝杆菌相互作用的研究

目的:检测LC3在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞A549上的表达情况,及结核分枝杆菌刺激后对其表达的影响,探讨自噬在结核分枝杆菌感染上皮细胞中所起的作用。方法:体外培养肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞A549,在结核分枝杆菌感染A549细胞0h,24h分别提取RNA,采用RT-PCR的方法检测LC3mRNA的表达情况。采用凋亡坏死染色试剂盒在结核分枝杆菌感染24h后检测对照组,3-MA组,MTB组和3-MA+MTB组的细胞坏死情况。在结核分枝杆菌感染A549细胞4h,8h,16,24h采用Non-Radioactive Cytocity Assay的方法检测对照组,3-MA组,MTB组和3-MA+MTB组上清液LDH的OD值。结果:LC3在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞显著表达,结核分枝杆菌感染后LC3表达降低。细胞凋亡和坏死染色结果显示空白组和3-MA组没有明显差异(P>0.05),MTB组和3-MA+MTB组有明显差异(P<0.05)。LDH检测显示MTB组和3-MA+MTB组上清液LDH的OD值数据两两之间有明显差异(P<0.05)并且有时间依赖性。结论:肺泡II型上皮细胞自噬体在抵抗结核分枝杆菌的感染过程中起一定的作用。     

FGF-1改构体对小鼠脾细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的:主要探讨非促分裂改构人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(MrhFGF-1)对balb／c小鼠脾细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:采用3H-TdR掺入的方法检测MrhFGF-1同野生型hFGF-1相比对脾细胞增殖的影响,实验组分为(1)对照组;(2)FGF-1处理组;(3)ConA处理组;(4)FGF-1+ConA处理组。用流式细胞仪定量分析MrhFGF-1对脾细胞的凋亡保护作用,(1)对照组;(2)DEX处理组;(3)DEX+FGF-1(hFGF-1、rhFGF-1、MrhFGF-1)处理组。结果表明,利用DNA重组技术构建的一种非促分裂FGF-1突变体MrhFGF-1和野生型FGF-1相比,对脾细胞的促细胞增殖能力明显降低,但其对细胞凋亡保护作用的影响并无显著性变化,说明FGF-1的促细胞增殖能力和细胞凋亡保护信号通路并非由同一信号通路来实现的。     

地塞米松对TRAIL双向诱导猪肾成纤维细胞增殖与凋亡作用的影响

采用MTT掺入法检测细胞活率变化,分别筛选出诱导细胞增殖与凋亡的药物浓度;半定量PCR法检测不同浓度下地塞米松对骨保护素(Osteoprotegerin,OPG)和核因子κB受体激活剂受体配体(Ligand of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B,RANKL)基因在mRNA水平上的调控作用;流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布和凋亡率变化,显微镜观察FRSs存活、增殖和凋亡变化.经MTT检测和浓度筛选,发现TRAIL在0.01-5 mg/L浓度范围内诱导FRSs增殖,浓度增加到10 mg/L出现凋亡趋势.地塞米松可协同TRAIL双向诱导FRSs增殖或凋亡,有效浓度约10-6-10-10 mol/L.细胞周期分析与凋亡率检测结果表明RAIL诱导FRSs增殖峰浓度为5 mg/L.TRAIL(5 mg/L)与地塞米松协同作用,细胞增殖指数(Prl.)较TRAIL5 mg/L组上升2.49%(P<0.05);TRAIL 10 mg/L组与空白对照组比较细胞增殖指数和凋亡率无显著变化,TRAIL 10 mg/L与地塞米松协同作用G0/G1期比例较TRAIL10 mg/L组增加2.36%(P<0.05),凋亡率较之上升6.79%(P<0.01).地塞米松作用下,OPG基因mRNA水平表现下调,RANKL基因则表现上调,二者均表现为剂量依赖型.综上所述,TRAIL对FRSs呈诱导增殖或凋亡的双向调控作用,并呈剂量依赖型.地塞米松可协同TRAIL对FRSs作用,该现象与TRAIL和地塞米松诱导FRSs细胞周期的改变以及地塞米松对OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路的OPG和RANKL基因的表达调控相关.     

不同浓度TGF-β1对肺泡II型细胞系MLE-12表型及功能的影响

探讨不同浓度及不同时间点TGF-β1对肺泡II型上皮细胞（AECII）表型及功能的影响。小鼠肺泡II型细胞系MLE-12,随机分为：对照组（0ng／mL）、低浓度组（0．1ng／mL）、中浓度组（1ng／mL）和高浓度组（10ng／mL）。应用细胞免疫荧光双标法及荧光定量PCR法观察各组12,24,48,72h细胞形态变化、AECII标记（肺表面活性物质蛋白B,SP—B）及成纤维细胞标记（成纤维细胞特异性蛋白1,FSP—1）蛋白及mRNA的表达情况。结果表明,随着TGF—β1干预时间的延长及浓度的升高,AECII逐渐由鹅卵石样变成纺锤体形状,获得成纤维细胞样外观。蛋白水平,AECII标记SP-B表达逐渐减弱,成纤维细胞标记FSP-1表达逐渐增强,48h中浓度组及24h高浓度组两者可见明显的共表达,同时,其SP-BmRNA表达较同时间对照组下调,而FSP1 mRNA表达较同时间对照组上调。低浓度组各时间点上述表现不明显。TGF—β1促使AECII向成纤维细胞转化（EMT）,且具有时间及浓度依赖性。     

地塞米松和肺成纤维细胞对大鼠胎肺表面活性物质合成的影响

为提高ＤＥＸ对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（ＮＲＤＳ）的防治,本文研究了地塞米松（ＤＥＸ）促进肺表面活性物质（ＰＳ）合成的作用机制。用分离培养的２０天大鼠胚胎肺泡Ⅱ型细胞为材料,观察了单独用ＤＥＸ、用与不用ＤＥＸ刺激后的成纤维细胞条件培养液（ＤＥＸＦＣＭ、ＦＣＭ）对肺泡Ⅱ型细胞ＰＳ中磷脂合成及特异性肺表面活性物质蛋白质ＳＰＢ、ＳＰＣｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。结果表明,ＤＥＸ本身及未用ＤＥＸ刺激的ＦＣＭ对肺泡Ⅱ型细胞的上述三种指标均没有影响,而ＤＥＸ刺激后的ＤＥＸＦＣＭ使这三个指标有不同程度的增加效应。提示糖皮质激素刺激肺泡Ⅱ型细胞ＰＳ合成增加是由成纤维细胞介导的     

Expression of Carcinoembryonic Cell Adhesion Molecule 6 and Alveolar Epithelial Cell Markers in Lungs of Human Infants with Chronic Lung Disease

The membrane protein carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM6) is expressed in the epithelium of various tissues, participating in innate immune defense, cell proliferation and differentiation, with overexpression in gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic and lung tumors. It is developmentally and hormonally regulated in fetal human lung, with an apparent increased production in preterm infants with respiratory failure. To further examine the expression and cell localization of CEACAM6, we performed immunohistochemical and biochemical studies in lung specimens from infants with and without chronic lung disease. CEACAM6 protein and mRNA were increased ~4-fold in lungs from infants with chronic lung disease as compared with controls. By immunostaining, CEACAM6 expression was markedly increased in the lung parenchyma of infants and children with a variety of chronic lung disorders, localizing to hyperplastic epithelial cells with a ~7-fold elevated proliferative rate by PCNA staining. Some of these cells also co-expressed membrane markers of both type I and type II cells, which is not observed in normal postnatal lung, suggesting they are transitional epithelial cells. We suggest that CEACAM6 is both a marker of lung epithelial progenitor cells and a contributor to the proliferative response after injury due to its anti-apoptotic and cell adhesive properties.     

Effect of Hyperoxia on the Viability and Proliferation of the Primary Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells

To observe the effect of hyperoxia on the growth of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II). The lungs of 19-day gestation fetal rats were primary cultured and the AEC II were purified by differential adhesion method. The cells were divided into control (normoxia) group and hyperoxia group. The cell growth, cell viability, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle were examined at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days of normoxia or hyperoxia exposure. The number of cells in hyperoxia-exposed group significantly decreased as compared to those of air control group. Number of cells in hyperoxia group was the highest at day 2 of exposure and gradually decreased with time. The viability of cells exposed to hyperoxia was substantially reduced compared with cells exposed to air. Percentage of cells in G1 phase and S phase in hyperoxia group increased gradually with increase in exposure duration and significant differences were seen at day 4 and day 6 compared with either the preceding time points and also with corresponding air-exposed cells. The percentage of both early apoptotic cells (Annexin-V⁺/PI^?) and late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells (Annexin-V⁺/PI⁺) increased significantly in cells exposed to hyperoxia compared with cells exposed to air. Hyperoxia inhibits proliferation, viability and growth of AEC II and promotes apoptosis.     

Wnt3a Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of Hyperoxia on the Transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Wnt3a in the transdifferentiation of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) to type I alveolar epithelial cells (AECIs) under hyperoxia condition. In the in vivo study, preterm rats were exposed in hyperoxia for 21 days. In the in vitro study, primary rat AECIIs were subjected to a hyperoxia and normoxia exposure alternatively every 24 hr for 7 days. siRNA-mediated knockout of Wnt3a and exogenous Wnt3a were used to investigate the effect of Wnt3a on transdifferentiation of AECIIs to AECIs. Wnt5a-overexpressed AECIIs were also used to investigate whether Wnt3a could counteract the effect of Wnt5a. The results showed that hyperoxia induced alveolar damage in the lung of preterm born rats, as well as an increased expression of Wnt3a and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. In addition, Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling was activated in isolated AECIIs after hyperoxia exposure. Wnt3a knockout blocked the inhibition of the transdifferentiation induced by hyperoxia, and Wnt3a addition exacerbated this inhibition. Furthermore, Wnt3a addition blocked the transdifferentiation-promoting effect of Wnt5a in hyperoxia-exposed Wnt5a-overexpressed AECIIs. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the activated Wnt3a/β-catenin signal may be involved in the hyperoxia-induced inhibition of AECIIs’ transdifferentiation to AECIs.     

全反式维甲酸通过γ-氨基丁酸途径促进小鼠胚胎腭板间充质细胞的凋亡

维甲酸(RA)是一种能够诱导腭裂发生的致畸物．研究显示γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)在腭板的发育过程中发挥重要作用．而GABA是否参与了RA诱导的腭裂发生还不清楚．本研究以小鼠胚胎腭板间充质细胞(MEPM)为研究对象,观察全反式维甲酸(atRA)(0.2、0.67、2.0和 6.7 μmol/L)对MEPM细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨GABA信号通路在其中的可能作用．结果显示,atRA(2.0 μmol/L和6.7 μmol/L)显著性抑制了MEPM的增殖,并促进了细胞凋亡．atRA(0.67、2.0和 6.7 μmol/L)显著性降低了GABA合成的关键酶谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD67)mRNA和蛋白质的表达,但对γ-氨基丁酸A型受体-β3(GABAAR-β3)mRNA和蛋白质的表达没有影响．1.0 μmol/L的GABA逆转了atRA(6.7 μmol/L)对MEPM细胞增殖和凋亡的影响．以上结果表明,atRA通过下调GAD67的表达,减少GABA的产生,抑制MEPM的增殖和促进MEPM的凋亡,从而可能影响腭板的发育,诱导腭裂形成．     

全反式维甲酸联合替莫唑胺对胶质瘤U251细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的：研究全反式维甲酸（ATRA）联合替莫唑胺（TMZ）对胶质瘤细胞株U251增殖及凋亡的影响。方法：体外培养胶质瘤细胞株U251,分为ATRA组、TMZ组、ATRA＋TMZ组和空白对照4组,应用MTT法测定U251细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡率,westernblot法检测细胞维甲酸受体β（RARβ）蛋白和凋亡相关蛋白Caspase．3蛋白的表达情况。结果：对照组、ATRA组、TMZ组及ATRA＋TMZ组的细胞生长抑制率分别为（1．72±0．12）％、（9．87±0．87）％、（23．87＋1．32）％及（35．74±1．44）％,ATRA＋TMZ组的细胞生长抑制率显著高于单独应用TMZ（P〈0．01）。对照组、ATRA组、TMZ组及ATRA＋TMZ组的细胞凋亡率分别为（1．32±0．11）％、（4．16±0．35）％、（8．44±0149）％、（15．27±1．03）％,ATRA＋TMZ组的凋亡率显著高于单独应用TMZ有更高的凋亡率（P〈0．01）。对照组、ATRA组、TMZ组及ATRA＋TMZ组RARp蛋白相对表达量分别0．452±0．054、0．837±0．068、0．195±0．021、0．376±0．039,ATRA＋TMZ组RARβ蛋白相对表达量显著高于TMZ组（P〈0．01）。ATRA＋TMZ组Caspase．的3蛋白表达相对水平为（0．832±0．059）,明显高于ATRA组（0．334±0．041）及TMZ组（0．521＋0．032）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：全反式维甲酸联合替莫唑胺能更有效抑制U251细胞的增殖,增加其凋亡率,这可能与其增加RARβ和Caspase-3蛋白的表达抑制U251细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

RNA干扰ABCE1基因后可抑制肺癌95-D/NCI-H446细胞的增殖和诱导细胞凋亡

ABCE1作为RNase L抑制剂首先是在脊椎动物中被发现的．前期研究结果显示ABCE1与肺腺癌的发生率及临床分期显著相关．为了进一步研究ABCE1的新功能,构建了ABCE1基因的siRNA表达质粒(RNAi-Ready pSIREN-DNR-DsRed-　Express vector),培养肺癌细胞(95-D和 NCI-H446),用FuGENE 6作为转染试剂转染后,使用荧光显微镜观察转染效果,RT-PCR分析ABCE1基因表达,Western blot 分析ABCE1蛋白的表达,MTT法检测细胞的活性,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,ELISA法检测细胞凋亡．结果显示：质粒的转染效果较满意,阳性率约为42.70%;在实验组,细胞活性和生长指数明显受到抑制,细胞凋亡明显增加,与对照组比较差异显著(P < 0.05)．上述结果显示,RNA干扰ABCE1基因可显著抑制肺癌细胞(95-D/NCI-H446) RNA的转录、蛋白质的表达,并增加细胞凋亡,为进一步研究ABCE1基因提供必要的基础．     

miR-1204表达对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖凋亡、上皮间质转化和MAPKs信号通路的影响

摘要 目的：探究微小RNA-1204（miR-1204）表达对非小细胞肺癌细胞增殖凋亡、上皮间质转化（EMT）和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）信号通路的影响。方法：将人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549随机分为miR-1204组（转染miR-1204mimic质粒）、NC组（转染空载质粒）和对照组（仅加转染试剂）。采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测细胞增殖情况,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（RT-qPCR）检测细胞E-钙黏蛋白（E-cad）、N-钙黏蛋白（N-cad）和波形蛋白（Vim）mRNA的表达水平。采用RT-qPCR和蛋白免疫印迹（WB）法检测细胞p-P38、P38、p-ERK、ERK、p-JNK、JNK mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。结果：培养12、24、48 h,miR-1204组细胞增殖抑制率均高于对照组和NC组同期（P＜0.05）,对照组与NC组同期的细胞增殖抑制率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。但三组细胞随着培养时间延长,细胞增殖抑制率均增加,两两时间点组内比较均有差异（P＜0.05）。miR-1204组细胞凋亡率高于对照组和NC组（P＜0.05）。miR-1204组E-cad mRNA的表达水平高于对照组和NC组（P＜0.05）,N-cad、Vim mRNA的表达水平低于对照组和NC组（P＜0.05）。miR-1204组p-P38、p-ERK、p-JNK mRNA和蛋白的表达水平均低于对照组和NC组（P＜0.05）。结论：上调miR-1204的表达可以抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,还可以抑制其EMT,该作用可能是通过抑制MAPKs信号通路实现的。