木质纤维素生物炼制的国际发展态势分析

木质纤维素是地球上最丰富的可再生资源之一,蕴藏着巨大的生物质能。它不仅来源广泛。而且转化产品丰富。根据产品与原料组成的不同,其生物炼制方法主要包括化学法、发酵法、直接生物转化法等。本文以Web of Science和Derwent Innovation Index作为数据源,     

研发动态

<正>农业部发布16项转基因检测标准农业部近日发布公告,根据《中华人民共和国农业转基因生物安全管理条例》规定,经专家审定通过了转基因动物及其产品成分检测、转基因植物及其产品成分检测的16项标准,并批准发布为中华人民共和国国家标准,自2014年8月1日起实施。具体包括:转基因动物及其产品成分检测:猪内标准基因定性PCR方法、羊内标准基因定性PCR方法;转基因植物及其     

中国香辛料产品加工标准体系研究

在调研和综合分析我国香辛料产品加工现状基础上,根据标准化原理和标准化体系研究方法,首次系统地对我国香辛料产品加工体系进行研究,用三维坐标形式全面展示加工体系的层次、产品门类和过程要素之间的关系,体系表中的262项香辛料加工过程控制标准,为香辛料提供可靠的过程质量保障.     

“医械召回”利国、利民、利于长远

近日,国家食品药品监督管理局(SFOA)公布《医疗器械召回管理办法》初稿(以下简称“办法”),并向社会征求意见。根据初稿,在确认医疗器械产品存在缺陷的10个工作日内,应停止销售和使用该产品。根据《办法》,医疗器械生产企业确认其医疗器械产品存在缺陷,应当在5个工作日内以书面     

云南香格里拉旅游线路产品生态足迹

旅游生态足迹分析是测度旅游环境影响的最新和有效方法之一,运用成分法构建了旅游线路产品生态足迹的计算模型,探索出了以"串珠"状的旅游线路产品为对象、旅游行程为基础的生态足迹计算方法。运用该模型对云南香格里拉"八日游"典型旅游线路产品进行了实证计算和分析,结果表明:①旅游是一种生态消耗很大的生活方式,旅游者在旅游过程中产生的生态足迹高于客源地居民人均日常生活消费生态足迹,也高于目的地居民人均日常生活消费生态足迹;②根据成分法,旅游线路产品生态足迹可分为7个组分,其中行、食、住、垃圾是最主要的4个组分。在其他条件不变的情况下,随着旅行距离的增加,旅游线路产品生态足迹逐步聚集于行组分;③旅游产业内部各个部门之间生态效率差异很大,食、住等部门的生态效率较低,而游、娱等部门的生态效率较高。根据研究结果,对所构建模型进行了简化,简化模型可以对旅游者消费旅游线路产品所产生的生态消耗进行更加简洁、方便的测度。     

JD-32淀粉酶毛巾织物退浆

自1965年以来,我厂在山东酒精总厂的大力协助下,试验成功了淀粉酶用于毛巾织物退浆的新工艺,结束了延用几十年的碱剂退浆的老工艺,现在我厂凡是需要退浆的产品,都用JD-32淀粉酶来进行。 (一) 淀粉酶的使用方法 根据产品的要求,我们归纳一下,大体有:毛巾印花前的退浆;彩条毛巾加白前的退浆;毛巾织物染色前     

全自动血型分析仪审评基本要点

本审评要点根据产品特点、预期用途、国家食品药品监管部门的政策法规要求以及本人从事体外诊断试剂产品技术审评工作的经验总结,阐述了全自动血型分析仪的研究资料及临床试验研究要点,旨在为此类产品研发和注册申报提供指导性建议。     

基于景感生态学促进生态产品价值实现的方法

建立健全生态产品价值实现机制,迫切需要创新研究思路,突破思维束缚,深挖生态产品价值内涵。从景感生态学原理阐释生态产品属性,梳理生态产品供给特点,分析生态产品消费特征,进而理顺生态系统服务、生态产品、消费者感知与享用转化完整链条。研究发现,景感生态学关键原理与生态产品特征密切对接,景感生态方法能够显化生态产品普及和消费路径,景感指数能够有效度量生态产品数量、质量和溢价。研究认为,基于景感生态学的理论与方法将有助于引导人民群众认识生态产品的科学价值内涵、多样化表现形式,尤其是助力文化服务类生态产品价值转化。根据分析结果提出当前的生态产品价值转化工作具体建议：(1)在生态产品信息调查过程中,要注重与生态产品载体密切相关的光、热、水、土、地磁、放射性和地形地貌等环境信息获取,在基础测绘、自然资源调查基础上追加生态服务关键属性;(2)在制定生态产品目录清单中,应指明该类生态服务形式和对人的感官直接刺激的服务作用,并具体到对人们的视觉、嗅觉、听觉、味觉、光觉、触觉,以及身心健康的整体影响;(3)生态产品供给过程中要注重对人的心理感知,包括宗教、文化、愿景、隐喻、安全等属性的综合考量,保障自然属性与...     

临床化学体外诊断试剂分析性能评估要点探讨

根据国家及地方食品药品监督部门的政策法规要求和作者从事体外诊断试剂产品审评工作的经验,阐述临床化学体外诊断试剂分析性能评估研究要点,为此类产品的研发和申报提供指导性建议。     

浅谈可靠性技术在医疗器械生产中的应用

一、可靠性概念及应用于医疗器械中的根据 产品可靠性(Reliability)指标,是产品的重要质量指标,是指产品在用户使用中维持技术指标的时间,即使用寿命。可靠性技术是四十年代以来迅速发展起来的新兴综合学科,其涉及的面很广,有数学、物理、化学、电子、机械、环境、管理以及人机工程等各个领域。它致力于研究提高产品的可靠性,包括从     

WHAT SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS DRIVE PRODUCT QUALITY? AN ASSESSMENT OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

Consumers differ dramatically in their sensory preferences for products. This paper assesses the relative importance of appearance, taste/flavor and texture as characteristics that drive acceptance for a complex pie product. The paper classifies consumers as being driven by one or more sensory attributes in their judgment of product quality. To do so, each consumer's liking rating is regressed against each separate attribute liking. The coefficient (M) of the linear equation "Overall Liking = M (Attribute Liking) + B" measures the relative importance of the sensory attribute as a driver of overall quality.     

多元肥料效应函数模型的优化方法

本文对多元肥料效应函数模型的优化问题进行了分析,根据数学规划理论建立了对多元肥料效应函数进行优化的数学模型,给出了具体的计算方法。该方法经实践检验,效果很好。     

Equations and calculations for fermentations of butyric acid bacteria

A stoichiometric equation has been derived which describes the interrelations among the various products and biomass in fermentations of butyric acid bacteria. The derivation of the equation is based on an assumed ATP yield, two biological regularities, and the biochemistry of product formation of the fermentations. The equation obeys the constraints imposed on growth and product formation by thermodynamics and the biochemical topology. The validity of the equation is tested using a variety of fermentation data from the literature. The uses, improvements, limitations, and extensions of the equation are also discussed in detail. For example, the fermentation equation is used to calculate the maximal possible yields of the main fermentation products.     

Equations and calculations for fermentations of butyric acid bacteria. Reprinted from Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. XXVI, Pp 174-187 (1984)

A stoichiometric equation has been derived which describes the interrelations among the various products and biomass in fermentations of butyric acid bacteria. The derivation of the equation is based on an assumed ATP yield, two biological regularities, and the biochemistry of product formation of the fermentations. The equation obeys the constraints imposed on growth and product formation by thermodynamics and the biochemical topology. The validity of the equation is tested using a variety of fermentation data from the literature. The uses, improvements, limitations, and extensions of the equation are also discussed in detail. For example, the fermentation equation is used to calculate the maximal possible yields of the main fermentation products.     

“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与桃蚜种群消长的关系

通过对N、P、K不同施肥条件下的“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与桃蚜种群消长关系的研究与分析,建立了9个数学模型,结果表明可溶性糖含量、含K量、含水量对桃蚜种群消长影响最大;低N、低K、中P组合对桃蚜种群增长不利.     

吸入麻醉诱导阶段药物动力学模型的定量分析

考虑了给药浓度、氧流量对吸入麻醉诱导阶段的影响,建立了诱导期药物动力学模型.利用非线性拟合的方法给出了诱导阶段的麻醉药血药浓度的拟合曲线;讨论了给药浓度相同的情况下,氧流量对诱导阶段所需时间的影响,得到了诱导阶段的氧流量分别与吸入肺部的药物浓度和体内消除系数的关系式,利用这两个关系式和诱导阶段的一般解可确定在此阶段体内血药浓度和完成诱导的时间.     

谷氨酸发酵过程的神经网络模拟预测模型

人工神经网络是八十年代迅速兴起的一门非线性科学．它力图模拟人脑的一些基本特性。如自组织性、自适应性和容错性能等,已在模式识别、数据处理和自动化控制等方面得到了初步应用,取得了很好的效果〔1〕。 本文根据上海某味精厂某发酵罐的一批批报数据,利用人工神经网络的一典型模型－“反向传播”模型,初步尝试了神经网络模拟预测方法的效果,有关这方面的研究工作尚未见报道．     

“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与桃蚜种群消长的关系

通过对N、P、K不同施肥条件下的“秦油2号”油菜植株内含物与桃蚜种群消长关系的研究与分析,建立了9个数学模型,结果表明可溶性糖含量、含K量、含水量对桃蚜种群消长影响最大;低N、低K、中P组合对桃蚜种群增长不利。     

Evaluation of a simplified generic bi-substrate rate equation for computational systems biology

The evaluation of a generic simplified bi-substrate enzyme kinetic equation, whose derivation is based on the assumption of equilibrium binding of substrates and products in random order, is described. This equation is much simpler than the mechanistic (ordered and ping-pong) models, in that it contains fewer parameters (that is, no K(i) values for the substrates and products). The generic equation fits data from both the ordered and the ping-pong models well over a wide range of substrate and product concentrations. In the cases where the fit is not perfect, an improved fit can be obtained by considering the rate equation for only a single set of product concentrations. Due to its relative simplicity in comparison to the mechanistic models, this equation will be useful for modelling bi-substrate reactions in computational systems biology.     

Goals of stability evaluation throughout the vaccine life cycle

Stability studies play a critical role in assuring product quality at all points in the vaccine life cycle. At and after licensure, stability studies on quality attributes (including potency) provide a critical link between marketed and clinically evaluated vaccine product, addressing important regulatory concerns by assuring that product quality is maintained throughout the dating period. During development, stability studies are done to assure product quality and to obtain the data needed to support licensure. Stability studies may also be performed after licensure to assure that product continues to perform as it did pre-licensure, as well as to evaluate the effect on product quality of deliberately introduced manufacturing changes. At each phase in the product life cycle, it is important to consider the goals of stability evaluation and to perform appropriate statistical analyses in order to assure and reach appropriate conclusions about product quality.