顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱法分析河南产紫丁香挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术（HS—SPME—GC—MS）,首次分析了河南产紫丁香花营和花的挥发性成分。从紫丁香花蕾和花中共鉴定了65种组分,其中17个成分是二者共有的;酯类化合物只存在于花蕾中,而酸类和醇类化合物在花中的含量较高。这表明酯类化合物在紫丁香花开放的过程中可能逐步被植物体内的水解酶水解成酸类和醇类化合物。     

连翘花蕾与花的挥发性成分研究

本文采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术比较分析了连翘花蕾和花的挥发性成分。从连翘花蕾和花中共鉴定了83个化合物,其中40个化合物是共有的。连翘花蕾的挥发性成分以烃类(41.04%)为主,而连翘花的挥发性成分以醇、醛和酮类化合物(26.46%)为主;酯类化合物在花蕾中的含量为8.11%,在花中下降到2.12%;而酸类化合物则从3.56%上升到5.18%。结果表明,随着花蕾的开放,酯类成分逐渐被水解为酸。     

迎春挥发性成分HS—SPME—GC—MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS),首次分析了河南产迎春花蕾和花的挥发性成分.花蕾中鉴定了34个成分,花中鉴定了23个成分,有13个共有成分.其中9个共有烷烃以十五烷为转折点,在此转折点以前,随着花蕾开放逐渐增多;在此转折点以后,随着花蕾的开放烷烃逐渐减少.4-亚硝酸基-苯磺酸(4-溴甲基-2-金刚烷基)酯(14.98%)、亚油酸(14.48%)和苯甲醇(3.32%)只存在与花中,苯乙醇在花蕾中含量很少,而在开放的花中含量明显增加,表明4-亚硝酸基-苯磺酸(4-溴甲基-2-金刚烷基)酯、苯甲醇和苯乙醇是迎春花主要香味成分.     

单瓣茉莉花发育过程中香精油成分及含量的变化

为探讨单瓣茉莉(Jasminum sambac‘Unifoliatum’)花发育过程中的香精油成分和含量的变化,采用顶空固相微萃取(HSSPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术进行分析。结果表明,单瓣茉莉花在不同发育时期的香精油成分及含量差异明显,花蕾初期、花蕾成熟期、微开期、盛开期和盛开末期分别鉴定出7、25、27、23和16种化学成分。萜烯类化合物是花蕾初期的主要香精油成分,花蕾成熟期、微开期和盛开期的萜烯类、酯类和醇类化合物的含量均较高,是主要的香精油成分,但化合物种类和含量存在较大差异。盛开末期的主要香精油成分是萜烯类和杂环类化合物。单瓣茉莉鲜花的主要化学成分或前体物质在花蕾成熟期基本形成,大部分芳香成分在微开期的含量最高。因此,生产中提取茉莉花精油或熏茶时,应选择微开期的鲜花进行采摘,但在不能及时窨制花茶或提取香精油的情况下,选择花蕾成熟期的花采摘更为合适。     

白碧桃挥发性成分的快速分析(英文)

首次采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术提取并分析了白碧桃花蕾和花的挥发性成分。分别从白碧桃花蕾和花中鉴定了19和21个化合物。结果发现,油酸-2羟-基乙酯在花蕾中的含量高达43.62%,且仅存在于花蕾中;油酸在花蕾中的含量仅为2.65%,而在花中则高达58.69%,这表明在白碧桃花蕾开放的过程中,油酸-2羟-基乙酯被其体内的水解酶逐渐水解成油酸。     

SPME-GC-MS法分析小叶女贞挥发性化学成分

首次采用固相微萃取/气相色谱/质谱(SPME-GC-MS)联用技术对小叶女贞花及花蕾挥发油的成分进行分析,并用峰面积归一化法测定相对百分含量。将花和花蕾的挥发性成分进行比较,发现有20种相同化学成分。小叶女贞花挥发油中主要成分是苯乙醇(38.3%)、苯甲醇(3.28%)、芳樟醇L(2.92%)、橙花叔醇(2.73%)、正十一烷(2.07%)、正十二醛(1.97%)、β-荜澄茄烯(1.87%)、十一醛(1.64%)、苯乙烯(1.59%)等;小叶女贞花蕾挥发油中主要成分是苯乙烯(60.01%)、芳樟醇L(10.17%)、苯乙醇(2.71%)、肉桂酸甲酯(1.5%)、正壬烷(1.42%)等。     

基于保留指数的GC-MS分析毛蕊花挥发性成分

采用水蒸气蒸馏法采集毛蕊花中的挥发性成分,气相色谱/质谱联用技术(GC-MS)结合保留指数对其进行分析鉴定,共鉴定出38种主要的挥发性成分,含量较高的组分分别为柠檬烯26.57%、茴香酮24.81%、桉叶素7.24%、石竹烯氧化物5.91%和蒎烯4.72%。GC-MS结合保留指数对毛蕊花挥发性成分进行定性分析,使定性结果更为准确。     

金叶含笑中芳香精油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术分别分析了水蒸气同步蒸馏法提取的南岭国家保护区内野生金叶含笑叶中的冷凝管顶部选出的易挥发性主要组分和精油主体中的主要成分.鲜叶中精油含量达到0.56%(V/W),其易挥发的主要组分有15种,精油主体中相对含量≥0.10%的主要组分有40种,精油中含量最大的组分是桉叶油醇和桉叶油-4(15),7-二烯-1-β-醇,相对含量分别达到49.70%和13.74%.     

白姜花不同开花时期的香味组分及其变化

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术,鉴定处于花蕾期、始花期、盛花期和衰老期的白姜花香味组分的结果表明,白姜花的香味组分共有49种,主要成分为单萜类、倍半萜类、酯类、酮酚类。花蕾期有30种,始花期有43种,盛花期和衰老期均为37种。单萜类化合物含量随着花的发育和衰老而逐渐增多,衰老期达到最高。酯类中,除了戊酸甲基苯甲酯外,其他酯类含量随着花的发育成熟而升高。初步确认,L-沉香醇、1,8-桉油醇、3,7-二甲基-1,3,7-辛三烯、乙酸月桂酯、苯甲酸甲酯为白姜花的特征香气。     

鸡骨柴不同器官挥发油成分分析

采用共水蒸馏法分别提取唇形科香薷属鸡骨柴茎、叶、花中的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术并结合Kovats保留指数(KI)对比法对挥发油进行了化学成分对比鉴定,运用面积归一化法确定各组分相对含量。分别从茎、叶、花中鉴定出24、33、42种成分。其中花和叶中的主要成分和相对含量相似,分别为1,8-桉树脑(21.9%,24.73%)、丁香烯(8.79%,8.51%)、γ-松油烯(4.57%,5.11%)、邻伞花烃(3.98%,6.13%)等,其次要成分差异较大。茎中的成分与花和叶中的相差较大,主要成分为棕榈酸(65.05%)、植醇(2.75%)、丁香烯(2.53%)等。结果表明,鸡骨柴茎、叶、花挥发油的成分和相对含量各不相同,均含有大量的活性成分,具有较高的应用潜力和综合开发前景。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism