猪Gli1基因的克隆、表达谱分析及脂肪组织特异性表达载体的构建

Hedgehog(Hh)信号通路对动物脂肪沉积具有抑制作用,并且从果蝇到脊椎动物具有高度保守性,但在家猪研究中鲜见报道。文章选择家猪Hh通路的转录激活因子Gli1进行研究,通过RT-PCR结合RACE技术,首次获得家猪Gli1基因cDNA全长,利用Real-time PCR对家猪Gli1基因在不同组织中的表达丰度进行了分析,并构建了真核表达载体和脂肪组织特异性表达载体。结果表明:猪Gli1基因cDNA全长3 576 bp,基因组序列全长10 715 bp,共12个外显子,编码1 106个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,猪Gli1为不稳定亲水性蛋白,不具有跨膜结构域和信号肽序列,但具有锌指结构与核定位序列。对7个物种的Gli1蛋白序列和基因组序列相似性进行分析,发现各物种间序列相似性均在80%以上,说明Gli1在物种间高度保守。组织表达谱分析表明,Gli1仅在成体猪舌组织中表达;在家猪脂肪组织发育进程中,Gli1仅在出生1周的猪脂肪组织中检测到微弱表达,但1月龄及3月龄猪脂肪组织中均检测不到表达,由此推断猪Gli1表达与脂肪组织发育呈负相关。最后,将猪Gli1编码区克隆到真核表达载体pIRES2-EGFP,体外转染实验证明该载体能够正确表达猪Gli1,另外还构建了脂肪组织特异性表达载体,为构建脂肪组织特异性转基因动物奠定基础。     

Cloning,chromosome mapping and expression pattern of porcine PLIN and M6PRBP1 genes

The PAT proteins, named after the three PLIN/ADRP/TIP47 (PAT) proteins, PLIN for perilipin, ADRP for adipose differentiation-related protein and TIP47 for tail-interacting protein of 47 kDa, now officially named M6PRBP1 for mannose-6-phosphate receptor binding protein 1, is a set of intracellular lipid droplet binding proteins. They are localized in the outer membrane monolayer enveloping lipid droplets and are involved in the metabolism of intracellular lipid. This work describes the cloning and sequencing of porcine PLIN and M6PRBP1 cDNAs, the chromosome mapping of these two genes, as well as the expression pattern of porcine PAT genes. Sequence analysis shows that the porcine PLIN cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1551 bp encoding 516 amino acids and that the porcine M6PRBP1 cDNA contains a coding region of 1320 bp encoding 439 amino acids. Comparison of PLIN and M6PRBP1 amino-acid sequences among various species reveals that porcine and bovine proteins are the most conserved. Porcine PLIN and M6PRBP1 genes have been mapped to pig chromosomes 7 and 2, respectively, by radiation hybrid analysis using the IMpRH panel. Expression analyses in pig showed a high expression of PLIN mRNA in adipose tissue, M6PRBP1 mRNA in small intestine, kidney and spleen and ADRP mRNA in adipose tissue, lung and spleen.     

cDNA cloning and overexpression of acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P1 gene (RPLP1) from the giant panda

RPLP1 is one of acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins encoded by RPLP1 gene, which plays an important role in the elongation step of protein synthesis. The cDNA of RPLP1 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced, analyzed preliminarily and expressed in E.coli. The cDNA fragment cloned is 449bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 344bp encoding 114 amino acids. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other five species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Bos Taurus and Sus scrofa. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda PPLP1 to that of these species are 92.4%, 89.8%, 89.0%, 91.3% and 87.5%, while the homologies for amino acid sequences are 96.5%, 94.7%, 95.6%, 96.5% and 88.6%. Topology prediction showed there are three Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and two N-myristoylation sites in the RPLP1 protein of the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The RPLP1 gene was overexpressed in E. coli and the result indicated that RPLP1 fusion with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 18kDa polypeptide, which was in accordance with the predicted protein and could also be used to purify the protein and study its function.     

白桦肌动蛋白(Actin)基因全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

以白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)次生木质部为材料,用改良CTAB方法提取总RNA。根据植物肌动蛋白(Actin)基因编码区的保守序列设计引物后进行RT-PCR,并采用RACE技术扩增出Actin基因全长序列。该基因cDNA全长1 785 bp,序列分析表明,该基因编码区1 134 bp,编码377个氨基酸,5′非编码区157 bp,3′非编码区495 bp。所得序列与GenBank中注册的其它植物肌动蛋白核苷酸序列的相似性均在80%以上,氨基酸序列的相似性高达96%以上。此基因已在GenBank注册（EU588981）。根据高等植物肌动蛋白相似性构建了进化树,表明白桦肌动蛋白与蓖麻肌动蛋白之间的亲缘关系最为密切,在进化中分化时间最为接近。     

First evidence of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) and -3 (UCP-3) gene expression in piglet skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) facilitate proton transport inside the mitochondria and decrease the proton gradient, leading to heat production. Until now, the presence of UCP1 or other UCP homologs had not been detected in tissues of pig, a species where evidence for the presence of brown adipose tissue has only been provided in 2-3 month old animals. In the light of the improving knowledge on the UCPs family, we decided to examine both UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA expression in piglet skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Using RT-PCR we have successfully cloned a partial UCP2 sequence and a complete UCP3 cDNA. UCP3's open reading frame (936bp) shares 90, 89 and 85% similarity with bovine, human and rat UCP3 nucleotide sequences, respectively. In 3-5 day old piglets, these genes are expressed in adipose tissue and in both longissimus thoracis (LT) and rhombo?deus (RH) muscles, without any effect of muscle metabolic type. This is in good agreement with the measurement of the same membrane potential in mitochondria isolated from both types of muscles. In triiodothyronine-treated piglets, UCP3 mRNA is more expressed in LT than in RH muscle. These genes may be involved in the control of the energy metabolism of the piglet.     

大熊猫酸性核糖体磷酸蛋白P1 基因cDNA 克隆及序列分析

运用RT-PCR 技术,从大熊猫的肌肉组织总RNA 中成功克隆了酸性核糖体磷酸蛋白P1 (RPLP1)基因的表达序列,并对其进行了测序及初步分析。结果表明:大熊猫RPLP1 基因的表达序列全长为448 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为344 bp,编码114 个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白的分子量为11.566 kDa,pI 为4.4,含有3 个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和2 个N - 酰基化位点。进一步分析发现,大熊猫RPLP1 基因的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的部分哺乳动物具有很高的相似性。      

Cloning, sequencing and expression of cDNA encoding growth hormone from Indian catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis)

A tissue-specific cDNA library was constructed using polyA⁺ RNA from pituitary glands of the Indian catfishHeteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) and a cDNA clone encoding growth hormone (GH) was isolated. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers representing the conserved regions of fish GH sequences the 3′ region of catfish GH cDNA (540 bp) was cloned by random amplification of cDNA ends and the clone was used as a probe to isolate recombinant phages carrying the full-length cDNA sequence. The full-length cDNA clone is 1132 bp in length, coding for an open reading frame (ORF) of 603 bp; the reading frame encodes a putative polypeptide of 200 amino acids including the signal sequence of 22 amino acids. The 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of the cDNA are 58 bp and 456 bp long, respectively. The predicted amino acid sequence ofH. fossils GH shared 98% homology with other catfishes. Mature GH protein was efficiently expressed in bacterial and zebrafish systems using appropriate expression vectors. The successful expression of the cloned GH cDNA of catfish confirms the functional viability of the clone.     

Structure, organization and expression of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) SLP-76 gene

SLP-76 is an important member of the SLP-76 family of adapters, and it plays a key role in TCR signaling and T cell function. Partial cDNA sequence of SLP-76 of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was isolated from thymus cDNA library by the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Subsequently, the full length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was obtained by means of 3' RACE and 5' RACE, respectively. The full length cDNA of carp SLP-76 was 2007 bp, consisting of a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 285 bp, a 3'-terminal UTR of 240 bp, and an open reading frame of 1482 bp. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of carp SLP-76 had an overall similarity of 34-73% to that of other species homologues, and it was composed of an NH2-terminal domain, a central proline-rich domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated the existence of a Gads binding site R-X-X-K, a 10-aa-long sequence which binds to the SH3 domain of LCK in vitro, and three conserved tyrosine-containing sequence in the NH2-terminal domain. Then we used PCR to obtain a genomic DNA which covers the entire coding region of carp SLP-76. In the 9.2k-long genomic sequence, twenty one exons and twenty introns were identified. RT-PCR results showed that carp SLP-76 was expressed predominantly in hematopoietic tissues, and was upregulated in thymus tissue of four-month carp compared to one-year old carp. RT-PCR and virtual northern hybridization results showed that carp SLP-76 was also upregulated in thymus tissue of GH transgenic carp at the age of four-months. These results suggest that the expression level of SLP-76 gene may be related to thymocyte development in teleosts.     

The purification and characterization of a fatty acid binding protein specific to pig (Sus domesticus) adipose tissue.

Western-blot analysis using antiserum to 3T3-L1-cell fatty acid binding protein (FABP) revealed that pig adipose tissue contains a 15 kDa protein immunologically similar to the murine protein. This 15 kDa protein was purified from pig adipose tissue by sequential application of Sephadex G-50 gel filtration, cation exchange and covalent chromatography on Thiol-Sepharose-4B. The purity of the pig protein was established by two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric focusing indicated that the pig adipose FABP (a-FABP) exists with two charge isoforms (pI 5.1 and 5.2), both of which persist after delipidation. The N-terminus of the purified pig a-FABP was blocked; however, cleavage with CNBr allowed recovery of a 12-amino-acid peptide which was identical with the murine a-FABP sequence (residues 36-48) at 10 of 12 positions. The pig a-FABP bound 12-(9-anthroyloxy)oleic acid saturably and stoichiometrically, with an apparent dissociation constant of 1.0 microM. Northern-blot analysis using the cDNA for the murine 3T3-L1 FABP revealed that the pig a-FABP was expressed exclusively in adipose tissue.     

大熊猫Sjogren综合症/硬皮病自身抗原1基因(SSSCA1)的克隆及比较

硬皮病或称系统性硬化症(systemic sclerosis,SSc),又名sjogren's综合症,是一种以局限性或弥漫性皮肤及内脏器官结缔组织纤维化或硬化,最后发展至萎缩为特点的疾病.根据受累范围、程度、病程分为局限性SSc和弥漫性SSc两类,累及的内脏器官为肺脏、食管,患者常死于肺部感染、肾衰竭、心力衰竭等.     

中华鳖HMG1基因的克隆与序列分析

为了解中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)HMG1(High mobility group 1)的基因结构,利用RT-PCR,从中华鳖肝脏组织的总RNA中,克隆并测序了中华鳖HMG1cDNA片段,结果表明,中华鳖HMG1基因的开放读码框(Open reading frame,ORF)长度为606 bp,编码202个氨基酸。中华鳖HMG1多肽链主要包含三个保守的区域:位于多肽链N端的HMG盒区1(第9—80个氨基酸之间);位于多肽链中心的HMG盒区2(第89—162个氨基酸之间);位于多肽链C端的富含酸性氨基酸区域(第163—202个氨基酸之间)。在2个HMG盒区范围内,中华鳖HMG1多肽链与红原鸡、人、虹鳟等物种的HMG1多肽链相比,氨基酸同源性依次为96.5%、74%和67%。排序比较显示,不同物种HMG1多肽链之间的富含酸性氨基酸区域的长度是不同的,暗示了HMG1多肽链富含酸性氨基酸区域的长度可能受到选择压力的影响,但这种选择压力没有使谷氨酸和天冬氨酸这两种酸性氨基酸之间区分开来。系统发生分析表明,脊椎动物HMG1基因的HMG盒区1和盒区2分别形成了2个亚族。本研究首次报道爬行动物的HMG1基因。       

丹参咖啡酸-O-甲基转移酶基因(SmCOMT1)的克隆及其分析

依据丹参转录组数据库得到的咖啡酸-O-甲基转移酶基因序列设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法从丹参分离得到一个新的COMT基因,命名为SmCOMT1(GenBank注册号为JF693491）。该基因cDNA全长1 158 bp,包含一个长为1 095 bp的开放阅读框,编码364个氨基酸。SmCOMT1 gDNA序列长2 275 bp,包含4个外显子和3个内含子。序列分析结果表明,SmCOMT1编码的多肽具有COMT的序列保守元件,与同科植物罗勒COMT编码的多肽高度同源,同源性达到89%。系统进化树分析表明,SmCOMT1与双子叶植物的COMT亲缘关系较近。qRT-PCR结果表明,SmCOMT1基因在丹参不同组织器官中差异表达,其中茎中的表达量最高,并且其表达受茉莉酸甲酯和病原菌的诱导,显示SmCOMT1基因可能在植物防御反应中发挥作用。     

绵羊CAST基因2型和4型转录本的克隆及特性分析

钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白(Calpastatin, CAST)是一种内源性的需要Ca²⁺激活的钙蛋白酶抑制剂, 在肌肉组织的蛋白质降解过程中起重要的调节作用。文章利用牛^CAST基因的mRNA序列, 通过逆转录RT-PCR首次克隆获得绵羊CAST基因2型转录本和4型转录本的部分cDNA序列, 并对序列进行生物信息学分析。CAST基因2型转录本的扩增片段为4 385 bp, 完整的开放阅读框为2 361 bp, 编码786个氨基酸; CAST基因4型转录本的扩增片段为1 467 bp, 完整的开放阅读框为1 317 bp, 编码438个氨基酸。CASTⅡ型蛋白序列存在4个保守结构域, CASTⅣ型蛋白序列存在3个保守结构域; 两者的二级结构均以螺旋为主, 富含疏水区域, 其氨基酸序列存在多个磷酸化位点以及蛋白激酶C(Protein kinase C, PKC)的磷酸化位点。通过RT-PCR分析CAST基因2型转录本和4型转录本的组织表达谱, 结果表明CAST基因2型转录本在所检测的10个组织中均表达, CAST基因4型转录本仅在睾丸组织中表达。