Total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and cholesterol distribution among lipoproteins as predictors of atherosclerosis in selected lines of Japanese quail

The proportions of plasma high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol have been linked to inherited tendency for atherosclerosis in humans. Studies were conducted with Japanese quail males from lines genetically selected for high and low TC and a randombred (unselected) control line that were fed 0.0 or 0.5% cholesterol for 12 weeks. Atherosclerotic plaques were more severe in the high than in the low line quail and in those fed cholesterol compared to non-cholesterol-fed quail. Serum TG, TC, VLDLC, LDLC, and HDLC were also higher in the high than in the low line quail and in cholesterol-fed vs. non-cholesterol-fed quail. Significant interactions indicated that TC and LDLC concentrations were more affected by dietary cholesterol in the high line than in the low line. The low line quail maintained higher HDLC and lower LDLC than the high line. Regression and correlation analyses revealed that although VLDLC, LDLC, and TC were significant predictors of atherosclerosis in the high line birds, the TC/HDLC ratio was a better predictor in the low line. The Japanese quail lines used herein represent useful experimental models for studies of genetic differences in atherosclerosis in humans.     

新疆贫困地区维吾尔族农民肥胖与血脂异常相关性研究

肥胖及血脂异常研究很少涉及低收入地区。本研究分析了新疆低收入地区维吾尔族农民体质指数(BMI)、超重及肥胖与多种血脂分子异常的关系,探讨贫困地区筛查高危人群的适宜策略。在新疆喀什农村对3 286名年龄≥18岁个体(男1 585人,女1 701人) 进行问卷检查、体格检查及多项血脂分子的检测。数据采用Pearson相关性、ROC、Logistic回归等统计学分析。结果显示,在男女性中,随着BMI的增加,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)的血浓度呈现递增趋势（P<0.01）;男/女性TG、LDLC、TC血浓度均与BMI有显著相关性(P<0.01)。单项或多项血脂异常率均随BMI增加而上升;同一个体2个血脂指标同时异常的高危组合分别是TG+HDLC(高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)和TC+TG。Logistic联合多变量ROC曲线分析表明, 单项指标HDLC(AUC=089)在血脂异常诊断中的权重最高;而组合指标TG+HDLC(AUC=095)的权重高于其它任何组合。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,超重和肥胖是代谢综合征相关血脂指标TG、TC和HDLC异常的危险因素(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,在南疆农村贫困维吾尔族人群中,男女性超重与肥胖者均与血脂指标异常升高相关;HDLC、TG和 TC 任意两个指标同时异常,为血脂异常的高危状态。肥胖伴有“TG+HDLC”异常升高可能是血脂异常相关疾病的“集合危险因素”,在贫困地区具有临床筛查参考价值。     

新疆贫困地区维吾尔族农民肥胖与血脂异常相关性研究

肥胖及血脂异常研究很少涉及低收入地区。本研究分析了新疆低收入地区维吾尔族农民体质指数(BMI)、超重及肥胖与多种血脂分子异常的关系,探讨贫困地区筛查高危人群的适宜策略。在新疆喀什农村对3 286名年龄≥18岁个体(男1 585人,女1 701人) 进行问卷检查、体格检查及多项血脂分子的检测。数据采用Pearson相关性、ROC、Logistic回归等统计学分析。结果显示,在男女性中,随着BMI的增加,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)的血浓度呈现递增趋势（P<0.01）;男/女性TG、LDLC、TC血浓度均与BMI有显著相关性(P<0.01)。单项或多项血脂异常率均随BMI增加而上升;同一个体2个血脂指标同时异常的高危组合分别是TG+HDLC(高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)和TC+TG。Logistic联合多变量ROC曲线分析表明, 单项指标HDLC(AUC=089)在血脂异常诊断中的权重最高;而组合指标TG+HDLC(AUC=095)的权重高于其它任何组合。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,超重和肥胖是代谢综合征相关血脂指标TG、TC和HDLC异常的危险因素(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,在南疆农村贫困维吾尔族人群中,男女性超重与肥胖者均与血脂指标异常升高相关;HDLC、TG和 TC 任意两个指标同时异常,为血脂异常的高危状态。肥胖伴有“TG+HDLC”异常升高可能是血脂异常相关疾病的“集合危险因素”,在贫困地区具有临床筛查参考价值。     

Cardio-Metabolic Disease Risks and Their Associations with Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Omega-3 Levels in South Asian and White Canadians

Objectives

This study compared cardio-metabolic disease risk factors and their associations with serum vitamin D and omega-3 status in South Asian (SAC) and White Canadians (WC) living in Canada’s capital region.

Methods

Fasting blood samples were taken from 235 SAC and 279 WC aged 20 to 79 years in Ottawa, and 22 risk factors were measured.

Results

SAC men and women had significantly higher fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), ratios of total (TC) to HDL cholesterol (HDLC) and ApoB to ApoA1, leptin, E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1 and omega-3 (p < 0.05), but lower HDLC, ApoA1, vitamin D levels than WC (p < 0.05). SAC women had higher CRP and VEGF than WC women. Adequate (50–74.9 nmol/L) or optimal (≥ 75 nmol/L) levels of 25(OH)D were associated with lower BMI, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, CRP, leptin, and higher HDLC, ApoA1, omega-3 index, L-selectin levels in WC, but not in SAC. Intermediate (>4%-<8%) or high (≥ 8%) levels of omega-3 indices were related to lower E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1 and higher HDLC, 25(OH)D levels in WC, but not in SAC. The BMIs of ≤ 25 kg/m² were related to lower LDLC, ApoB, VEGF, creatinine and higher 25(OH)D in WC, but not in SAC.

Conclusions

The associations of vitamin D, omega-3 status, BMI and risk factors were more profound in the WC than SAC. Compared to WC, vitamin D status and omega-3 index may not be good predictive risk factors for the prevalence of CVD and diabetes in SAC.     

番茄皂苷A对小鼠血脂及肝脏脂肪的作用

该研究以ApoE基因缺陷小鼠和高脂饲料诱导的高血脂症模型小鼠为对象,采用药理学方法研究了番茄皂苷A对血脂及肝脏脂肪的调节作用。在ApoE基因缺陷小鼠和高脂饲料诱导的高血脂症模型小鼠中,通过灌胃给予番茄皂苷A:取血,测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、葡萄糖(Glu)的含量和活性;处死小鼠后,取肝脏称重,计算肝脏指数;精确称取一部分肝脏,测定肝脏脂质的含量。结果表明:番茄皂苷A对ApoE基因缺陷小鼠可以降低血清TC、HDLC、LDLC的含量,对ALT、AST、BUN、Cr、Glu没有影响,说明番茄皂苷A可以降低ApoE基因缺陷小鼠血中胆固醇含量,对血糖没有影响,对肝肾功能无影响;对高脂饲料诱导的高血脂症模型小鼠,可以降低血清TC、HDLC的含量,可以降低肝脏TC的含量,对ALT、AST、BUN、Cr、Glu没有影响,说明番茄皂苷A可以改善高脂饲料诱导的高血脂症模型小鼠的脂质代谢,且对肝肾功能无影响。该研究结果表明番茄皂苷A具有一定的降低胆固醇的作用,且不影响肝肾功能。     

Increased Serum Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in Obese Children

Objective: To determine whether serum cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which is one of the physiologically active gene products secreted from adipose tissue, is increased and associated with atherogenic lipoprotein profile in obese children. Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects were 42 consecutive outpatient Japanese obese children, 29 boys and 13 girls, ranging in age from 5 to 14 years, and 25 age‐matched non‐obese children, 13 boys and 12 girls, as the control group for measuring CETP mass. Blood was drawn after an overnight fast and, at the same time, and anthropometric measurements including height, body weight, waist girth, hip girth, and triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses were taken. Paired samples were obtained from 15 obese children who underwent psychoeducational therapy. Serum CETP mass was assayed by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), apolipoproteins (apo) B, apo B/apo A₁, and insulin in obese children were significantly higher than the respective reference values. Serum CETP level was ～2‐fold higher (98.7 ± 3.6 vs. 50.9 ± 4.0 nM, means ± SEM, p < 0.001) in the obese children than in the controls. In 15 obese children, whose percentage of overweight declined during therapy, CETP levels decreased significantly. CETP level was correlated with HDLC, TC/HDLC, and insulin, and with percentage of overweight when the data of the obese and non‐obese children were combined. Discussion: CETP is increased and associated with the atherogenic lipoprotein profile in obese children.     

军事飞行员血浆脂蛋白与同型半胱氨酸水平及其相关性分析

目的:分析某部军事飞行员血浆脂蛋白和同型半胱氨酸水平及其相关性。方法:比较某部军事飞行员与地勤人员总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、载脂蛋白A1(apoA1)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)血清水平,并分析Hcy与TC、TG、HDLC、LDLC、apoA1、apoB等的相关性。结果:多元线性回归分析飞行员组的Hcy与HDLC值正相关(t=2.42,Sig=0.017),与apoA1值负相关(t=-2.49,Sig=0.014);飞行员与地勤人员的LDLC、apoB、apoA1水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05);高Hcy飞行员组的HDLC、apoB、apoB/apoA1比正常Hcy飞行员组显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:军事飞行员常规体检增加Hcy、apoA1、apoB及其比值检测,对异常结果分析后进行早期干预和治疗,这对飞行员的健康维护和保障飞行安全具有现实意义。     

Lipid profile of body builders with and without self-administration of anabolic steroids

Twenty-four top-level body builders [13 anabolic steroid users (A); 11 non-users (N)] and 11 performance-matched controls (C) were examined to determine the effect on lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of many years of body building with and without simultaneous intake of anabolic steroids and testosterone. After an overnight fast, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TOTC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), the HDLC subfractions HDL2C and HDL3C, as well as apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), apolipoprotein A-II (Apo A-II) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) were determined. Both A and N, compared to C, showed significantly lower HDLC and higher LDLC concentrations, with the differences between A and C clearly pronounced. In a subgroup of 6 body builders taking anabolic steroids at the time of the study, HDLC, HDL2C, HDL3C, Apo A-I and Apo A-II were all significantly lower and LDLC was significantly higher than in a second subgroup of 7 body builders who had discontinued their intake of anabolic steroids at least 4 weeks prior to the study. In some single cases HDLC was barely detectable (2-7 mg.dl-1). The TG and TOTC remained unchanged. The present findings suggest that many years of body building among top-level athletes have no beneficial effect on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. Simultaneous use of anabolic steroids results in part in extreme alterations in lipoproteins and apolipoproteins, representing an atherogenic profile. After discontinuing the use of anabolic steroids, the changes in lipid metabolism appear to be reversible.     

Alterations in plasma total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in hyperlipidemic rats fed diets with varied content of selenium and vitamin E

The effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E on plasma total (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) was evaluated in 54 Sprague Dawley rats fed cholesterol/cholic acid enriched diets. Diets 1, 2, and 3 had no added selenium (low Se) and 0 (low), 60 (adequate), and 600 (high) mg/kg dL alpha tocopheryl acetate added respectively. Sodium selenite at 0.2 mg/kg (adequate Se) was added to diets 4, 5, and 6 and at 4.0 mg/kg (toxic Se) to diet 7, 8, and 9 with the same pattern of vitamin E added to the diet as described above. TC and HDLC were measured using the Kodak Ectachem system. Rats in the low and adequate Se groups fed high vitamin E had lower TC values than rats fed lower vitamin E levels but differences were not significant. In the toxic Se groups, rats fed high vitamin E had significantly (p<0.05) higher plasma TC values than did lower Vitamin E groups. Rats on the high vitamin E diets with low or adequate Se had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean plasma HDLC values when compared to rats fed low or adequate vitamin E diets. HDLC values for animals on Se toxic diets were significantly (p<0.05) lower in rats fed a low vitamin E diet. In rats fed Se deficient and adequate diets, a high vitamin E intake resulted in a decrease in TC and an increase in HDLC. In Se toxic rats, TC was elevated by a high dietary intake of vitamin E as was HDLC with both values being significantly higher than values found in the vitamin E deficient rats. Vitamin E deficiency resulted in a plasma lipid pattern that has been associated with greater cardiovascular disease risk.     

HFJ和Wistar大鼠脂肪肝及胰岛素抵抗动物模型的比较

目的建立近交系HFJ大鼠和封闭群Wistar大鼠脂肪肝胰岛素抵抗动物模型及比较其生物学特性。方法雄性HFJ大鼠和Wistar大鼠,分别随机分为模型组和正常组,模型组喂养高脂饮食,正常组喂养普通饮食,两组脂肪分别占摄入能量的44.2%和19.2%,共饲养12周。每周称体质量,测定血糖、甘油三酯、胆固醇、ALT、AST、HDLC、LDLC和血胰岛素水平。实验期末处死动物摘取肝脏并称质量,计算肝指数;鼠肝脏用10%甲醛固定,石蜡包埋切片,HE染色,光镜下评估肝脂肪变性和炎症活动情况。结果镜下可见,HFJ和Wistar大鼠模型组肝细胞均呈现弥漫性脂肪变性,小叶内可见炎症细胞浸润,HFJ比Wistar脂肪变性较重,对照组肝脏均未见异常。两种动物的模型组ALT、AST、肝指数、HOMA-IR指数均显著高于其正常组,HFJ和Wistar种系间各指标的差异无显著性;HFJ大鼠模型组体重和正常组体重具有显著性差异(P<0.01),而Wistar大鼠模型组体重与正常组体重间无显著差异(P>0.05);HFJ大鼠TG和TC含量均显著高于Wistar大鼠。结论通过高脂饮食喂养成功建立了HFJ大鼠和Wistar大鼠脂肪肝与胰岛素抵抗疾病动物模型,与Wistar大鼠比较,HFJ大鼠具有自发性高血脂特征,造模更易成功,可为胰岛素抵抗和脂肪肝的发病机制研究、防治高血脂药物筛选提供一种新的实验动物。     

Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in Scyliorhinus canicula (L.) during sexual maturation

A study was carried out on the serum levels of cholesterol [total (TC) and that associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDLC)] and triglyceride (TG) in 127 specimens of Scyliorhinus canicula . The values obtained were correlated with sex, size, liver weight and reproductive stage. Results showed that male dogfish have higher levels of TC and HDLC, and lower TG than female. In adult males, TC increased and HDLC decreased with both size and spermatogenesis. Females carrying capsulated eggs showed a noticeable increase in TG together with a decrease of the HDLC levels, which were apparently not related with size.     

Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance in obese children and adolescents

In developed countries, obesity prevalence has strongly increased in the last decades. This has also been observed in children and adolescents. Until recently, type 2 diabetes mellitus was considered very rare among children and adolescents; however, in the last decades, some cases have been observed mainly in obese adolescents of some minority populations. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and insulin resistance, and the metabolic features, in obese children and adolescents. We have studied 95 obese children and adolescents, 53 males and 42 females, aged 4-16 years. The prevalence of IGT in obese children and adolescents studied was 7.4%; there was not any child with type 2 diabetes. Fasting glucose and insulin serum concentrations did not show significant differences between obese children with or without IGT; however, 120 minutes after an oral glucose tolerance test, glucose and insulin serum concentrations showed statistically significant differences between both groups. Insulin resistance is defined as a HOMA index higher than 4. The prevalence of insulin resistance in obese children studied was 35.8%. Trygliceride serum concentrations were higher and HDL-C serum concentrations were lower in obese children with IGT than in those without IGT, but the differences were not statistically significant. IGT and insulin resistance are frequent in obese children and adolescents; early treatment in obese children and adolescents with IGT constitutes a strategy of reversing progression to beta-cell failure and in preventing type 2 diabetes.     

Cardiovascular risk factors in subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection

Background. It has been proposed that Helicobacter pylori infection is related to cardiovascular disease, although this has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether H. pylori in‐fection is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Subjects and Methods. One thousand six hundred and fifty people undergoing annual medical checks at Shimane Institute of Health Science between September 1998 and August 1999 were enrolled. Gender, age, body mass index, habitual smoking and drinking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), blood glucose, leukocyte count and hemoglobin were compared between H. pylori seropositive and seronegative cases. Results. In H. pylori seropositive individuals, HDLC was significantly lower than that in seronegative individuals. After adjustment for possible confounding factors (gender, age, BMI, smoking and drinking habits), mean HDLC in H. pylori‐seropositive and seronegative individuals were 56.1 and 58.2 mg/dl, respectively (p < .005). The percentage of the elderly (over 50 years old) individuals with HDLC < 35 mg/dl in H. pylori seropositive and seronegative groups were 7.4% and 4.7%, respectively (p < .001). In addition, the lower HDLC level was accompanied by an increased leukocyte count. Conclusion. Long‐term infection with H. pylori may have an important role in decreasing the serum HDLC concentration.     

Lipid Peroxidation and Total Cholesterol in HAART-Na?ve Patients Infected with Circulating Recombinant Forms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 in Cameroon

Background

HIV infection has commonly been found to affect lipid profile and antioxidant defense.

Objectives

To determine the effects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and viral subtype on patient’s cholesterol and oxidative stress markers, and determine whether in the absence of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), these biochemical parameters could be useful in patient’s management and monitoring disease progression in Cameroon. For this purpose, we measured total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDLC), HDL cholesterol (HDLC), total antioxidant ability (TAA), lipid peroxidation indices (LPI), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in HIV negative persons and HIV positive HAART-naïve patients infected with HIV-1 group M subtypes.

Methods

We measured serum TC, LDLC, HDLC, plasma MDA, and TAA concentrations, and calculated LPI indices in 151 HIV-positive HAART-naïve patients and 134 seronegative controls. We also performed gene sequence analysis on samples from 30 patients to determine the effect of viral genotypes on these biochemical parameters. We also determined the correlation between CD4 cell count and the above biochemical parameters.

Results

We obtained the following controls/patients values for TC (1.96±0.54/1. 12±0. 48 g/l), LDLC (0. 67±0. 46/0. 43±0. 36 g/l), HDLC (105. 51±28. 10/46. 54±23. 36 mg/dl) TAA (0. 63±0. 17/0. 16±0. 16 mM), MDA (0. 20±0. 07/0. 41±0. 10 µM) and LPI (0. 34±0. 14/26. 02±74. 40). In each case, the difference between the controls and patients was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a positive and statistically significant Pearson correlation between CD4 cell count and HDLC (r = +0.272; p<0.01), TAA (r = +0.199; p<0.05) and a negative and statistically significant Pearson correlation between CD4 cell count and LPI (r = −0.166; p<0.05). Pearson correlation between CD4 cell count and TC, CD4cell count and LDLC was positive but not statistically significant while it was negative but not statistically significant with MDA. The different subtypes obtained after sequencing were CRF02_AG (43.3%), CRF01_AE (20%), A1 (23.3%), H (6.7%), and G (6.7%). None of the HIV-1 subtypes significantly influenced the levels of the biochemical parameters, but by grouping them as pure subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), the CRF significantly influenced TC levels. TC was significantly lower in patients infected with CRF (0.87±0.27 g/l) compared to patients infected with pure HIV-1 subtypes (1.32±0.68 g/l) (p<0.017). MDA levels were also significantly higher in patients infected with HIV-1CRF01_AE (0.50±0.10 µM), compared to patients infected with CRF02_AG (0. 38±0. 08 µM) (p<0.018).

Conclusion

These results show that HIV infection in Cameroon is associated with significant decrease in TAA, LDLC, HDLC and TC, and increased MDA concentration and LPI indices which seem to be linked to the severity of HIV infection as assessed by CD4 cell count. The data suggests increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon, and an influence of CRFs on TC and MDA levels.     

Total and Regional Fat and Serum Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Lean and Obese Children and Adolescents

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the association of total and central adiposity with serum cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in lean and obese Portuguese children and adolescents. Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 87 girls (13.2 ± 1.6 years old, 29.9 ± 6.4% body fat [mean ± SD]) and 72 boys (13.2 ± 1.6 years old, 20.8 ± 9.9% body fat) volunteered for the study. Whole‐body composition and fat distribution, from DXA and anthropometry, and serum lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins were evaluated. Results: The sum of three trunk skinfolds (STS) was highly correlated with total trunk fat mass measured by DXA (p < 0.001). Body mass index, DXA‐measured percentage of body fat, trunk fat mass, STS, and the waist‐to‐height ratio were generally found to be associated with triacylglycerol, the ratio of total cholesterol (TC) to high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), and apolipoprotein B levels, (significant age‐adjusted r between 0.16 and 0.27, p < 0.05). Body mass index, STS, and the waist circumference were also associated with HDL‐C (p < 0.05), whereas no body composition variable significantly correlated with TC or apolipoproteins A‐I. The STS was significantly correlated with HDL‐C (p < 0.01), TC/HDL‐C (p < 0.05), and apolipoproteins A‐I (p < 0.05) independently of whole‐body fatness. Obese subjects (n = 73) had higher TC, LDL‐C, TC/HDL‐C, and apolipoprotein B than did non‐obese subjects (n = 86), and significant associations between central adiposity and some lipid variables (triacylglycerol and HDL‐C) were found in obese children and adolescents that were not present in leaner individuals. Discussion: DXA‐ and anthropometry‐based whole‐body and central fat measures are associated with serum CVD risk factors in Portuguese boys and girls. Obese children and adolescents have a poorer lipid profile than do their leaner counterparts. Trunk skinfolds, which are easy to obtain even in large samples, predict CVD risk factors to the same extent as DXA‐based variables, in some cases, independently of total fatness.     

Cardiovascular risk of young growth-hormone-deficient adolescents. Differences in growth-hormone-treated and untreated patients

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether postprandial lipids, coagulation factors and homocysteine levels are abnormal in young growth hormone (GH)-deficient (GHD) adolescents. METHODS: Fifteen GHD adolescents on GH replacement were studied. Ten untreated GHD adolescents and 15 healthy subjects served as controls. Fasting lipids, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels were measured. Cholesterol and triglycerides were measured 4 h after a high fat meal. RESULTS: Fasting and postprandial triglycerides and homocysteine levels of untreated GHD patients were increased compared to those of GH-treated GHD subjects and healthy controls; fibrinogen concentrations were elevated in both treated and untreated adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: GHD adolescents present an abnormal fasting and postprandial lipid profile. In addition, the increased fibrinogen and homocysteine levels are suggestive of the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors early on in life.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病患者APOA5-1131T/C基因多态性与血脂代谢和胰岛素抵抗的关系研究

为了探讨载脂蛋白A5基因(APOA5)-1131T/C多态性在中国镇江地区的频率分布及其与血浆脂质代谢和Ⅱ型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的关系, 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)结合琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术检测152例健康人及71例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者APOA5 -1131T/C基因型及等位基因频率分布, 同时采用生化方法测定所有研究对象的血脂、血糖和胰岛素水平。结果显示: 糖尿病组APOA5 -1131C等位基因频率显著高于对照组(0.430 vs 0.296, P = 0.006)。CC纯合子患糖尿病的风险是TT纯合子的3.75倍(OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.57~8.92), 且经Logistic回归分析, 校正年龄、BMI和血浆HDL-c、LDL-c及ApoB水平等其他混杂因素影响后, 这种差异仍具有显著性意义(OR = 2.70, 95%CI: 1.24 ~ 5.86)。糖尿病组C等位基因携带者TG水平显著高于非C等位基因携带者(P < 0.01), TC水平和LDL-c水平亦明显升高(P < 0.05)。但是在两组中, 不同基因型患者 胰岛素抵抗相关指标均无显示差异。提示APOA5-1131T/C单核苷酸多态性对人群血浆TG水平有影响, -1131C等位基因与血浆TG、TC和LDL-c水平增高有关, 但是与糖尿病患者胰岛素相关指标无关; APOA5 -1131C等位基因可能与人群糖尿病的发生相关联。     

镁补充对2 型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响

目的:研究镁补充对2型糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢的影响。方法:将用高脂饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)方法诱发的2型糖尿病大鼠随机分为四个组,糖尿病对照组喂饲高脂饲料,高、中、低剂量组在高脂饲料中分别加入2000、1000、200 mg/kg的镁(以镁离子计)。自由饮食喂养四周,处死动物。用放射免疫法测血清胰岛素(Ins)水平、用葡萄糖氧化酶法测空腹血浆葡萄糖(fasting plasmaglucose,FPG),并计算胰岛素敏感指数(insulin sensitivity index,ISI)。比色法检测糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)。用全自动生化分析仪测高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDLC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)。结果:高剂量组的空腹血糖、空腹血清、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇水平均较糖尿病对照组显著性降低(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、胰岛素敏感指数较糖尿病对照组显著性升高(P<0.05)。结论:镁补充可以提高2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素敏感性,改善糖尿病大鼠的糖脂代谢情况。