马铃薯卷叶病毒中国株（PLRV-Ch）ORF2a基因特征分析

马铃薯卷叶病毒 (ＰＬＲＶ)是正链ＲＮＡ病毒 ,属黄化病毒组[1 ] 严格虫传 ,分布广泛 ,难以控制 ,侵染马铃薯 ,给生产造成巨大损失。ＰＬＲＶ基因全长 6 0ｋｂ ,有 6个读码框架 ,其中ＯＲＦ2ａ是第二读框 ,全长 192 0ｂｐ ,编码一个 70ｋＤ的多肽。另外 ,ＯＲＦ2ａ在与ＯＲＦ2ｂ重叠处可发生移码继续转译 ,直到ＯＲＦ2ｂ的尾 ,转译产物为一条 118ｋＤ的多肽 ,该蛋白的Ｃ端与复制酶的序列具很大的同源性[2～ 4] 。Ｐｒｕｆｅｒ[5] 等和Ｋｕｊａｗａ[6] 等分别研究了ＰＬＲＶ基因组上ＯＲＦ2ａ与ＯＲＦ2ｂ重叠区附近与移码有关的滑动序列及其…     

番茄泛素蛋白基因LeEBF1和LeEBF2的克隆表达分析

通过RACE和RT-PCR方法从番茄中克隆了LeEBF1（EIN3binding F-box protein1）和LeEBF2（EIN3binding F-box protein2）的全长cDNA序列,两个基因LeEBF1、LeEBF2全长分别是2866和2891bp,对序列的分析表明,它们的开放阅读框分别是1911和1995bp,编码区编码637和665个氨基酸残基,在氨基端含保守的F-box区域和在羧基端有14个亮氨酸重复单位,通过BLAST软件和DNAMAN分析表明这两个基因的氨基酸序列与拟南芥EBF1和EBF2有58.6%相似,同时又与其他物种的EBF蛋白的F-box区域比较有24.4%到73.2%的相近。Northern杂交指出：LeEBF1与LeEBF2在野生型和Nr的幼叶中的表达量高于成熟叶;当在果实发育期,LeEBF1与LeEBF2在青果期的表达量相比其他时期要弱。初步结果表明,LeEBF1与LeEBF2可能在番茄的生长发育中起着重要的作用。     

Structural analysis of Tpn1, a transposable element isolated from Japanese morning glory bearing variegated flowers

The 6.4 kb transposable element Tpn1 belonging to the En/Spm family was found within one of the DFR (dihydroflavonol-4-reductase) genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in a line of Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil) bearing variegated flowers. Sequencing of the Tpn1 element revealed that it is 6412 by long and carries 28-bp perfect terminal inverted repeats. Its subterminal repetitive regions, believed to be the cis-acting sequences for transposition, show striking structural features. Twenty-two copies of the 10-bp sequence motif GACAACGGTT can be found as direct or inverted repeats within 650 by of the 5′ end of the element, and 33 copies of the sequence motif lie within 800 by of the 3′ terminus. All these 22 copies of the sequence motif near the 5′ terminus and 30 copies in the 3′ terminal region are arranged as inverted repeats and 3–8 by AT-rich sequences are detected between these inverted repeats. In addition, four copies of 122-bp tandem repeats and six copies of 104-bp tandem repeats are present in the 5′ and 3′ subterminal repetitive regions, respectively. No large open reading frame characteristic of autonomous elements of the En/Spm family can be detected within the element. The results are discussed with respect to heritable changes in flower variegation in this line of Japanese morning glory.     

Phosphorylation of a novel myosin binding subunit of protein phosphatase 1 reveals a conserved mechanism in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton

The myotonic dystrophy kinase-related kinases RhoA binding kinase and myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42 binding kinase (MRCK) are effectors of RhoA and Cdc42, respectively, for actin reorganization. Using substrate screening in various tissues, we uncovered two major substrates, p130 and p85, for MRCKalpha-kinase. p130 is identified as myosin binding subunit p130, whereas p85 is a novel related protein. p85 contains N-terminal ankyrin repeats, an alpha-helical C terminus with leucine repeats, and a centrally located conserved motif with the MRCKalpha-kinase phosphorylation site. Like MBS130, p85 is specifically associated with protein phosphatase 1delta (PP1delta), and this requires the N terminus, including the ankyrin repeats. This association is required for the regulation of both the catalytic activities and the assembly of actin cytoskeleton. The N terminus, in association with PP1delta, is essential for actin depolymerization, whereas the C terminus antagonizes this action. The C-terminal effects consist of two independent events that involved both the conserved phosphorylation inhibitory motif and the alpha-helical leucine repeats. The former was able to interact with PP1delta only in the phosphorylated state and result in inactivation of PP1delta activity. This provides further evidence that phosphorylation of a myosin binding subunit protein by specific kinases confers conformational changes in a highly conserved region that plays an essential role in the regulation of its catalytic subunit activities.     

The inverted repeats of IS<Emphasis Type="Italic">1384</Emphasis>, a newly described insertion sequence from<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Pseudomonas putida</Emphasis> strain H,represent the specific target for integration of IS<Emphasis Type="Italic">1383</Emphasis>

Analysis of a region on plasmid pPGH1 from Pseudomonas putida strain H that is flanked by two copies of IS1383 has revealed an additional element with the typical features of a bacterial insertion sequence. This new IS element, designated IS1384, contains a single ORF of 972 bp, and is flanked by 9-bp inverted repeats. Based on sequence homology and structural characteristics of the putative transposase it encodes, IS1384 belongs to the IS5 subgroup of the IS5 family. Two copies of IS1384 are present on plasmid pPGH1, whereas none could be detected on the chromosome of P. putida strain H. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of two truncated copies of IS1384 on the second plasmid in this strain, pPGH2. The inverted repeats of all IS1384 copies (including the truncated ones) are interrupted by the integration of an IS1383 element. All integrations were found to be site- and orientation-specific. PCR studies and sequence data indicate that IS1383 can form a circular intermediate on excision. In the circular form, the previously described 13-bp inverted repeats of IS1383 are separated by 10 bp that are identical to the 5-bp motif that flanks each side of the element when it is integrated in its target. We provide evidence that these additional nucleotides, although not of inverted symmetry, represent an essential part of the inverted repeats. Furthermore, the data indicate that IS1383 integrated into the inverted repeats of IS1384 by a site-specific recombination rather than a site-specific insertion event.     

Binding of SEC11 Indicates Its Role in SNARE Recycling after Vesicle Fusion and Identifies Two Pathways for Vesicular Traffic to the Plasma Membrane

SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins drive vesicle fusion in all eukaryotes and contribute to homeostasis, pathogen defense, cell expansion, and growth in plants. Two homologous SNAREs, SYP121 (=SYR1/PEN1) and SYP122, dominate secretory traffic to the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane. Although these proteins overlap functionally, differences between SYP121 and SYP122 have surfaced, suggesting that they mark two discrete pathways for vesicular traffic. The SNAREs share primary cognate partners, which has made separating their respective control mechanisms difficult. Here, we show that the regulatory protein SEC11 (=KEULE) binds selectively with SYP121 to affect secretory traffic mediated by this SNARE. SEC11 rescued traffic block by dominant-negative (inhibitory) fragments of both SNAREs, but only in plants expressing the native SYP121. Traffic and its rescue were sensitive to mutations affecting SEC11 interaction with the N terminus of SYP121. Furthermore, the domain of SEC11 that bound the SYP121 N terminus was itself able to block secretory traffic in the wild type and syp122 but not in syp121 mutant Arabidopsis. Thus, SEC11 binds and selectively regulates secretory traffic mediated by SYP121 and is important for recycling of the SNARE and its cognate partners.     

OsCOI1,水稻中一个受茉莉酸甲酯和脱落酸诱导表达的F-box家族基因

利用Blast检索、EST分析和RT-PCR,在水稻中分离到一个与拟南芥COI1同源的新基因,命名为OsCOI1.OsCOI1编码595个氨基酸.推测的OsCOI1编码蛋白有一个F-boxmotif和16个富含亮氨酸的重复序列,这与拟南芥COI1相似.OsCOI1在氨基酸水平上和COI1有很高的同源性(74%).经半定量RT-PCR法和RNA印迹分析,表明水稻中OsCOI1表达水平在经茉莉酸甲酯和脱落酸处理后呈明显变化,但不受水杨酸和乙烯的影响,说明OsCOI1可能在茉莉酸信号途径和脱落酸途径中具有特定功能.     

番茄泛素蛋白基因LeEBF1和LeEBF2的克隆表达分析

通过RACE和RT-PCR方法从番茄中克隆了LeEBF1（EIN3 binding F-box protein 1）和LeEBF2（EIN3 binding F-box protein 2）的全长cDNA序列,两个基因LeEBF1、LeEBF2全长分别是2 866和2 891 bp,对序列的分析表明,它们的开放阅读框分别是1 911和1 995 bp,编码区编码637和665个氨基酸残基,在氨基端含保守的F-box区域和在羧基端有14个亮氨酸重复单位,通过BLAST软件和DNAMAN分析表明这两个基因的氨基酸序列与拟南芥EBF1和EBF2有58.6％相似,同时又与其他物种的EBF蛋白的F-box区域比较有24.4％到73.2％的相近。Northern杂交指出：LeEBF1与LeEBF2在野生型和Nr的幼叶中的表达量高于成熟叶;当在果实发育期,LeEBF1与LeEBF2在青果期的表达量相比其他时期要弱。初步结果表明,LeEBF1与LeEBF2可能在番茄的生长发育中起着重要的作用。     

Identification and characterization of a novel insertion sequence, IS1106, downstream of the porA gene in B15 Neisseria meningitidis

Examination of Neisseria meningitidis strains associated with endemic meningococcal disease demonstrated differences in the number of copies of a repetitive sequence. Characterization of a copy of this repetitive sequence present in B15 strains has revealed the presence of a novel insertion sequence (IS1106) located within a complex repetitive region downstream of the gene for the major surface antigen (porA). IS1106 has a length of 1137 bp and is flanked by 36bp inverted repeats. Two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) are present in opposite strands in codon-codon register with ORF2 entirely located within ORF1. The predicted protein from ORF1 demonstrates homology with the 5A protein of IS5 (Kroger and Hobom, 1982). Strains from two independent outbreaks of B15 meningococcal disease in the UK were found to contain the same genomic deletion removing a copy of IS1106 downstream of the porA gene.     

Structural analysis of Tpn1, a transposable element isolated from Japanese morning glory bearing variegated flowers

The 6.4 kb transposable element Tpn1 belonging to the En/Spm family was found within one of the DFR (dihydroflavonol-4-reductase) genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in a line of Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil) bearing variegated flowers. Sequencing of the Tpn1 element revealed that it is 6412 by long and carries 28-bp perfect terminal inverted repeats. Its subterminal repetitive regions, believed to be the cis-acting sequences for transposition, show striking structural features. Twenty-two copies of the 10-bp sequence motif GACAACGGTT can be found as direct or inverted repeats within 650 by of the 5 end of the element, and 33 copies of the sequence motif lie within 800 by of the 3 terminus. All these 22 copies of the sequence motif near the 5 terminus and 30 copies in the 3 terminal region are arranged as inverted repeats and 3–8 by AT-rich sequences are detected between these inverted repeats. In addition, four copies of 122-bp tandem repeats and six copies of 104-bp tandem repeats are present in the 5 and 3 subterminal repetitive regions, respectively. No large open reading frame characteristic of autonomous elements of the En/Spm family can be detected within the element. The results are discussed with respect to heritable changes in flower variegation in this line of Japanese morning glory.