Monoclonal antibodies to Streptococcus mutans serotype f polysaccharide cross-react with the 'mutans group' of oral streptococci

Abstract Eleven stable clones producing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against serotype polysaccharide f were generated from rat IR 983F myeloma cells and splenocytes from rats immunized with formalin-killed whole Streptococcus mutants OMZ 175. These MAbs were IgG 2b, they had different affinities towards polysaccharide f and all but three were able to inhibit saliva binding to S. mutants OMZ 175 cells. Two specificities were recognized on S. mutans serotype f polysaccharide. One MAb (K24) recognized an epitope on the poly-rhamnose core, as determined by competitive ELISA using different sugars. The ten other MAbs recognized an epitope which seems principally formed of glucose subunits. Purified polysaccharides from other 'mutans streptococci' were able, to different extents, to inhibit the binding of the MAbs to polysaccharide f, confirming the presence of common epitopes in the different strains.     

Evaluation of three individual glucosyltransferases produced by Streptococcus mutans using monoclonal antibodies

Abstract We previously established murine hybridomas producing a monoclonal antibody monospecific against three glucosyl-transferases (I, SI and S) of Streptococcus mutans which contribute to dental caries formation. Here, we developed a new immunochemical technique (cross-dot system) with which individual levels of glucosyltransferases expressed by S. mutans can be evaluated. We also examined glucosyltransferase production and in vitro artificial plaque formation by a reference strain and several clinical isolates of S. mutans . The findings indicate that the levels of glucosyltransferases produced greatly vary with the cells and the culture medium, and that the cells producing high levels of both glucosyltransferase-SI and glucosyltransferase-I enzymes may possess high in vitro artificial plaque forming ability. We suggest that the cross-dot system will be useful for estimating the cariogenic potential of S. mutans isolates.     

Purification and characterization of M3 protein expressed on the surface of group A streptococcal type 3 strain C203

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been produced by immunizing BALB/C mice with whole M⁺ bacteria in incomplete Freund adjuvant and the resulting mAbs for M3 protein have been selected by an indirect immuno-fluorescent technique using formaldehyde-fixed M⁺ and M⁻ bacteria. Four mAbs reacted with a 65 kDa protein in an extract obtained from the cell wall of M⁺ bacteria after treatment with N -acetyl muramidase and lysozyme. The purified 65 kDa protein neutralized the phagocytic activity of rabbit anti-M3 antibody. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 65 kDa protein was identical with that of protein generated by the M3 gene which has been previously cloned and sequenced. The evidence indicates that the 65 kDa protein is M3 protein. The M3 protein bound not only human fibrinogen but also human serum albumin (HSA). When the M3 protein was purified by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography in the absence of phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), four fragments (35 kDa, 32 kDa, 30 kDa, and 25 kDa) in addition to the intact molecule appeared. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis showed that 35 kDa and 25 kDa fragments were ANAAD and DARSV, respectively, being identical at positions 1–5 and 198–202 to the M3 gene derived protein. Therefore, the 35 kDa and 25 kDa fragments, which were presumed to be cleavage products, may be derived from the C-terminal part and N-terminal part of the intact molecule, respectively. When the effect of purified M3 protein in the bactericidal activity of normal human blood in the presence of M⁻ bacteria was investigated, the M3 protein was responsible for the organism's resistance to attack by phagocytic cells.     

Purification of a plasminogen activator from Streptococcus uberis

Abstract A protein capable of activating bovine, equine and ovine plasminogen, but not that from human or porcine plasma, was purified from culture filtrates of Streptococcus uberis (strain 0140j). Purification was achieved by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by molecular exclusion chromatography. The elution position of the native molecule was equivalent to a molecular mass of approximately 57 kDa. However, the molecular mass, as determined by SDS-PAGE, was 29 kDa, suggesting the existence of a dimeric structure. Purified immunoglobulin from three out of five monoclonal antibodies raised to this protein inhibited the conversion of bovine plasminogen to plasmin by the purified protein.     

Production, characterization, and application of monoclonal antibodies which distinguish four glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus sobrinus

A 1,3-alpha-glucan synthase (GTF-I), a highly branched 1, 6-alpha-glucan synthase (GTF-U) and a 1,6-alpha-glucan synthase (GTF-T) were purified to near homogeneity from the culture fluid of Streptococcus sobrinus strain B13N (serotype d) and characterized. In addition, a crude preparation of a recombinant oligo-isomaltosaccharide synthase (rGTF-S) was prepared from a cell-free extract of Escherichia coli MD124 transformant. Using four homogeneous GTF preparations including previously purified rGTF-S as antigens for immunization, 11 murine hybridomas producing a monoclonal antibody (MAb) were established through the fusion of myeloma cells (P3X63-Ag8-U1) and spleen cells of immunized BALB/c mice. When the immunoreactivities of the resultant MAbs were tested, all five MAbs raised against GTF-I, all three MAbs raised against GTF-T, and two of three MAbs raised against GTF-U reacted specifically with the homologous enzyme alone, while one MAb (B86) raised against GTF-U cross-reacted strongly with all GTFs. Although no MAb monospecific for rGTF-S was obtained, precise recognition of GTF-S was possible using the nonspecific B86 antibody together with the MAbs monospecific for the three glucan synthases. Thus, a set of four typical MAbs (B17, B76, B19 and B86) were successfully used for the identification of gene products expressed in 24 previously constructed E. coli phage clones, and the findings suggested that six phage clones might express a gtfU gene encoding GTF-U which has not been hitherto isolated.     

Identification and immunochemical characterization of a germ tube specific antigen of Candida albicans

Abstract Germ tube specific fractions of the dimorphic pathogenic fungus Candida albicans were fractionated according to their ability to link fibrinogen. These fibrinogen binding factors were used as immunogens to prepare monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with BALB/c mice. Among the resulting mAbs, one (mAb 3D9.3) was shown by indirect immunofluorescence to be specific to the surface of the mycelial phase of the C. albicans species. No labelling of the cell wall of any other Candida species was observed. This morphological shape specificity was confirmed by immunoblotting where a polydispersed high molecular mass component was identified. The molecular mass varied with the extraction procedure used; over 210 kDa with EDTA-2ME treatment, and ranging from 110 to 220 kDa after Zymolyase digestion. This phase-specific epitope was sensitive to proteolysis with pronase E, proteinase K and trypsin, but not to periodate treatment. Further purification of this material would allow further development of new serodiagnostic assays that might be more specific for invasive disease than currently available tests.     

Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to the principle sonicate antigens of Porphyromonas gingivalis w50

Abstract Protein antigens from whole cell sonicates of Porphyromonas gingivalis W50, previously shown to be discriminatory antigens for patients with adult periodontitis, were purified using SDS-PAGE. Electroeluted proteins were used to immunize mice for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A combination of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting were used to screen hybridoma supernatants for mAbs. MAbs were successfully raised against M _r 115 000, M _r 55 000 and M _r 47 000 antigens together with a second M _r 55 000 polypeptide which was a contaminant of the M _r 55 000 antigen. No immunological cross-reactivity was found between these four proteins. The mAbs were used to examine the distribution of these antigens among fifteen P. gingivalis strains together with related oral bacteria using immunostaining of dot blots and Western blots. The antigens were confined to P. gingivalis with the M _r 115 000 and M _r 47 000 antigens being present in all strains tested . The distribution of the M _r 55 000 antigens were slightly more restricted: one M _r 55 000 (outer membrane location) was present in nine of the fifteen P. gingivalis strains tested, while the other M _r 55 000 (location unknown) was only absent from one strain. Whole cell ELISA demonstrated that the M _r 115 000 and the outer membrane M _r 55 000 antigen possess epitopes which are located on the surface of the bacterium.     

Purification and partial characterization of the 17 kDa sperm coating protein from boar seminal plasma.

Sperm coating proteins of 16, 17, and 19 kDa have been purified from boar seminal plasma. The 17 kDa protein has been identified as an antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody ACR.3 and is thus identical to low molecular mass zona pellucida binding protein from boar spermatozoa (Moos et al., 1990). The 17 and 19 kDa proteins are glycosylated and tend to form hetero-complexes. The 17 kDa ACR.3 antigen is sequentially released from the sperm cell surface during capacitation and, after induction of the acrosome reaction, the 16 kDa form was also observed. Immunocytochemical studies on boar reproductive tissues have suggested that the seminal vesicle epithelium may be the source of these proteins.     

Purification and characterization of rat dopamine β-monooxygenase and monoclonal antibodies to the enzyme

Dopamine β-monooxygenase was extensively purified from rat adrenal. The specific activity of the final preparation was approx. 1500 nmol/min per mg protein, which was much higher than the highest yet reported. As judged by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA22, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and cross-linking studies, the enzyme appeared to be composed of four identical subunits, each possessing a molecular weight of 88 000. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was estimated to be pH 6.6 in the presence of 8 M urea. Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with rat dopamine β-monooxygenase were fused to P3-X63-Ag8-653 mouse myeloma cells. From 55 hybrid cells, 10 stable clones secreting anti-dopamine β-monooxygenase antibody were obtained. Antibody from one clone was coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and the monoclonal antibody-Sepharose was shown to be very useful to isolate rat dopamine β-monooxygenase from crude preparations.     

Crystal structure of the C-terminal region of Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II and characterization of salivary agglutinin adherence domains

The Streptococcus mutans antigen I/II (AgI/II) is a cell surface-localized protein that adheres to salivary components and extracellular matrix molecules. Here we report the 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of the complete C-terminal region of AgI/II. The C-terminal region is comprised of three major domains: C₁, C₂, and C₃. Each domain adopts a DE-variant IgG fold, with two β-sheets whose A and F strands are linked through an intramolecular isopeptide bond. The adherence of the C-terminal AgI/II fragments to the putative tooth surface receptor salivary agglutinin (SAG), as monitored by surface plasmon resonance, indicated that the minimal region of binding was contained within the first and second DE-variant-IgG domains (C₁ and C₂) of the C terminus. The minimal C-terminal region that could inhibit S. mutans adherence to SAG was also confirmed to be within the C₁ and C₂ domains. Competition experiments demonstrated that the C- and N-terminal regions of AgI/II adhere to distinct sites on SAG. A cleft formed at the intersection between these C₁ and C₂ domains bound glucose molecules from the cryo-protectant solution, revealing a putative binding site for its highly glycosylated receptor SAG. Finally, electron microscopy images confirmed the elongated structure of AgI/II and enabled building a composite tertiary model that encompasses its two distinct binding regions.     

应用A蛋白亲和层析法纯化单克隆抗体

应用Protein A亲和层析法,从采集的小鼠腹水中纯化出了抗凝血因子Ⅶ单克隆抗体,用SDS-PAGE和ELISA法分别检测了纯化后单克隆抗体的纯度及效价,结果显示,电泳为两条带,分别为免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的重链和轻链,纯化后的单克隆抗体纯度达到电泳纯,应用间接ELISA法测定腹水效价为1×10-7左右,与未纯化前无差异。结果表明,应用A蛋白亲和层析法能够得到纯度较高的单克隆抗体,适用于高纯度单克隆抗体的制备。     

抗磺胺对甲氧嘧啶单克隆抗体的研制及其特性分析

目的制备针对磺胺对甲氧嘧啶的单克隆抗体,建立对该物质的免疫学检测方法。方法以BSA-磺胺对甲氧嘧啶为免疫原,免疫BALB／c小鼠,取脾细胞与小鼠Sp-2／0骨髓瘤细胞融合后,经筛选和亚克隆,建立杂交瘤细胞株。结果获得2株能稳定分泌抗磺胺对甲氧嘧啶抗体的细胞株。对抗体进行了特性分析,抗体的效价分别为1：400000和1：1630000,抗体类型及亚类都为IgGl。其中,单克隆抗体1H10的亲和力为1．4×109L／mol,利用该抗体采用竞争间接ELISA法检测磺胺对甲氧嘧啶的范围是1025—16μg/mL,最低检测浓度是8μg/mL。单抗1H10与其他6种磺胺药（SMM、SMZ、SM2、SD、SulfaquinoxalineSodium、Sulfametetyrazine）无交叉反应。结论单克隆抗体1H10可用于研制免疫学方法检测磺胺对甲氧嘧啶残留的产品。     

血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌脂多糖单克隆抗体的研制及特性鉴定

【背景】鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)可感染雏鸭、鹅、火鸡等多种禽类,引起急性或慢性传染病。RA血清型众多且各血清型之间缺乏有效的交叉保护。细菌脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)位于革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁的外侧,其组成和结构变化决定了细菌表面抗原决定簇的多样性。【目的】制备血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌LPS单克隆抗体并对其特性进行研究。【方法】以血清2型RA NJ3株免疫BALB/c小鼠,细胞融合后以RA NJ3株LPS作为包被抗原,筛选出能够稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,通过体内诱生腹水法制备抗体,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测单克隆抗体效价,玻片凝集试验和Westernblot检测单抗特异性。【结果】获得两株能稳定分泌抗血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌LPS单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为8G5和8G10;两株单抗的亚型均为IgM/κ链。ELISA结果表明,8G5和8G10腹水效价分别为1:32 000和1:16 000。Western blot结果显示,两株单抗仅与血清2型RA菌株发生特异性反应,而与其他血清型RA菌株和禽源致病菌无反应性。【结论】研究获得的单克隆抗体具有良好的反应性和血清型特异性,可用于RA致病机制的基础研究和进一步建立RA血清型快速检测方法。     

猪生长激素及其单克隆抗体的制备与纯化

本文介绍一种简便快捷提纯猪生长激素的方法。通过杂交瘤技术,首次获得抗猪生长激素的单克隆抗体,并讨论和比较从腹水纯化单克隆抗体的各种方法。     

来自于变性链球菌的脱氧胞嘧啶核苷酸脱氨酶的表达，纯化，结晶以及初步晶体学研究

脱氧胞嘧啶核苷酸脱氨酶属于脱氧胞苷酸脱氨家族.对来自于变性链球菌UA159的脱氧胞嘧啶核苷酸脱氨酶进行了克隆,在大肠杆菌中进行了表达,最后纯化.快速液相分子排阻色谱分析表明这种酶在溶液中形成六聚体.利用悬滴气相扩散技术获得了这个蛋白的晶体.在北京同步辐射的3W1A线站,收集了衍射分辨率到达3.1!的数据.这个晶体属于P213空间群,其晶胞参数为a=b=c=113.2",!="=#=90°.计算可得马修斯系数为3.6#3·Da-1,据此可估计在一个不对称单位中含有两个单亚基.据目前所知,这是第一个关于野生型的脱氧胞嘧啶核苷酸脱氨酶的结晶学报道.     

抗麻痹性贝毒素GTX2,3单克隆抗体的制备及特性分析

制备抗麻痹性贝毒GTX2,3单克隆抗体。利用醛化法将GTX2,3与载体牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联,制备完全抗原。免疫小鼠,取小鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0细胞融合。GTX2,3与钥孔血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联作为检测抗原,用间接ELISA法筛选阳性克隆株。将筛选的阳性细胞株制备腹水。获得三株稳定分泌抗GTX2,3单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株F4、F10、G9。间接ELISA法检测F10细胞株腹水抗体效价为1.4×10^-5。半抗原GTX2,3与载体蛋白偶联后,作为免疫原,可制备高滴度的抗GTX2,3抗血清和单克隆抗体。该抗体对于藻毒素具有高特异性和高亲和力,可用于污染海产品的麻痹性贝毒的检测。     

抗汉坦病毒等三种单克隆抗体细胞株的建立及分析应用

以纯化的病毒抗原加完全福氏佐剂,免疫BALB/c小鼠,再利用杂交瘤技术建立针对汉坦病毒、狂犬病毒及乙型脑炎病毒的单克隆抗体(McAb)细胞株,制备并提纯标记McAb,应用于各种实验和检测工作。结果获得了6株分泌抗汉坦病毒McAb杂交瘤细胞株、6株分泌抗狂犬病毒McAb杂交瘤细胞株、2株分泌抗乙型脑炎病毒McAb杂交瘤细胞株,共14株,并对它们的特性进行了分析。各McAb效价不尽相同,有的高达10-7,有的则不足10-3。各McAb亚型以IgG型为主,少数为IgM型;轻链以κ型为主,个别为λ型或阴性。McAb与纯化的病毒抗原有明显的特异性吸附(P<0.01)。有的McAb有相同的作用位点,有的McAb则没有,但与其它McAb有交叉反应。通过对McAb进行提纯和标记,建立了双抗体夹心ELISA法,用于病毒抗原的检测。实验表明获得的McAb有较好的生物学特性,可与相应的病毒抗原特异性结合,用于免疫学检测及其它多种用途。     

灰色链霉菌RX-17溶菌酶R1的纯化及性质研究

通过硫酸铵分级沉淀,CM-Sephadex C50、CM-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析及Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析,从灰色链霉菌（Streptomyces griseus）RX17的发酵上清液中得到了电泳纯的溶菌酶R1,回收率6.89%。测得该酶分子量和等电点分别为16.8kD和9.10,作用于变链球菌（Streptococcus mutans）Ingbritt的最适温度和pH分别为70℃和6.6。R1酶在50℃以下及pH6～9的范围内保持稳定,60℃保温1h,残存酶活20.3％。Mg2+对酶有激活作用,而Zn2+、Cu2+、Fe2+、Cd2+、Pb2+则使酶完全丧失活性,螯合剂、盐酸羟胺、碘乙酸抑制酶活,β-巯基乙醇及表面活性剂则对溶菌有部分促进作用。R1酶溶菌谱广泛,对多种卵清溶菌酶不能作用的G+、G细菌均有溶解能力,对变链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)等则呈现高活性。