不同电镜分型女性生殖道尖锐湿疣的CD4^＋、CD8^＋的表达

目的：探讨不同电镜分型的女性生殖道尖锐湿疣（CA）的免疫应答状态的异同。方法：将随机抽取的50例女性生殖道尖锐湿疣的活检组织按照扫描电镜和透射电镜下形态学特征分为尖锐型湿疣、结节型湿疣和内生型湿疣三组。以免疫组织化学方法（IHC）研究CD4^＋T细胞、CD8^＋T细胞、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值于不同电镜分型CA中的表达。结果：结节型湿疣的CD4^＋T细胞数及CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值均显著低于尖锐型湿疣,内生型湿疣介于二者之间。结论：CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值在不同类型CA中的表达结果有统计学差异,结节型湿疣免疫应答状态异常,预示三种电镜分型的尖锐湿疣转归不同。CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值可作为判断预后的指标。     

不同电镜分型的女性生殖道尖锐湿疣的ICAM-1的表达

目的:探讨不同电镜分型的女性生殖道尖锐湿疣(CA)的免疫应答状态的异同.方法:用扫描电镜和透射电镜对随机抽取的50例女性生殖道尖锐湿疣的活检组织进行观察,并根椐电镜下形态特点将尖锐湿疣分为尖锐型湿疣、结节型湿疣和内生型湿疣三型.用免疫组织化学方法(IHC)研究细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)于各类型中的表达.结果:在ICAM-1阳性表达的类高内皮微静脉数量方面,结节型湿疣少于尖锐型湿疣,内生型湿疣介于二者之间.结论:ICAM-1在不同类型CA中的表达结果有显著差异,结节型湿疣免疫应答状态异常,预示三种电镜分型的尖锐湿疣转归不同,ICAM-1可作为判断预后的指标.     

孟鲁司特钠对哮喘患儿T淋巴细胞亚群CD4~+和CD8~+水平的影响

目的:探讨孟鲁司特钠联合抗生素对哮喘患儿T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+和CD8+水平的影响。方法:选取我院收治的哮喘患儿50例,并将其随机分为两组,每组各25例。对照组予常规抗生素治疗,实验组在此基础上加用孟鲁司特钠治疗。观察和比较两组患儿的临床疗效、一年内复发率,以及CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+比值的变化情况。结果:两组哮鸣音、咳嗽及喘憋持续时间均获得改善,实验组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与同组治疗1天后比较,两组患儿治疗5、10天后的CD4+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+比值均明显升高;与同组治疗5天后比较,两组患儿治疗10天后CD4+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+比值均明显升高;实验组患儿治疗5天、10天后的CD4+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+比值均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组治疗后CD4+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+比值变化呈显著差异(P0.05)。实验组1年复发率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:孟鲁司特钠可能通过影响哮喘患儿CD4+、CD8+及CD4+/CD8+水平,改善患儿的临床症状,缩短其住院时间,值得临床推广应用。     

中药复方连黄对小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群CD4~+、CD8~+的影响

目的探讨中药复方连黄对小鼠T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+的影响.方法 T淋巴细胞亚群测定采用单克降抗体直接免疫荧光技术,通过流式细胞仪测定.结果经统计学分析,与对照组比较,中药复方连黄能不同程度地使CD4+、CD4+/CD8+升高,而使CD8+下降.结果表明,中药复方连黄对细胞免疫功能具有调节作用.     

SLE带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+FoxP3~+调节性T细胞的表达及相关性研究

目的:检测系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)合并带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+调节性T细胞的表达及相关性,探讨其在SLE合并带状疱疹发病中的临床意义。方法:采用流式细胞术检测30例SLE患者、30例SLE合并带状疱疹患者及30例健康对照者外周血中CD4~+/CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群表面CD28的表达及CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞的表达水平,并分析SLE合并带状疱疹患者外周血CD4~+CD28~+和CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+调节性T细胞表达的相关性。结果:SLE合并带状疱疹组患者急性期外周血CD4~+T淋巴细胞比率、绝对计数显著降低,CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞表面的CD28表达下调,CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞水平显著高于SLE组及健康对照组,SLE合并带状疱疹组患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg水平与CD4~+CD28~+水平成负相关(P均0.05)。结论:SLE合并带状疱疹患者CD4~+、CD8~+T细胞活化异常,CD4~+CD25~+Fox P3~+Treg细胞可能参与抑制了T细胞的活化。     

CD4~+ CD25~+调节性T细胞与肿瘤免疫的研究进展

CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞是CD4+T细胞的一个重要亚群,具有免疫抑制和免疫无能两大功能。CD4+CD25+T细胞与自身免疫性疾病的发生、移植耐受具有密切关联。近几年的研究表明,CD4+CD25+T细胞与肿瘤的发生发展和转归亦有着密切联系。本文就调节性T细胞的作用机制及特点与肿瘤免疫的关系作一综述。     

应用流式细胞术分析林麝外周血 CD4+、CD8+ T淋巴细胞

通过对圈养林麝(Moschusberezovskii)外周血淋巴细胞CD4~+、CD8~+亚群的检测,探讨林麝细胞免疫功能状态,并探索应用流式细胞仪分析其淋巴细胞亚群的方法,为研究林麝重大疾病的病理机制及诊断方法提供科学依据。本研究选取健康林麝和患呼吸道疾病林麝各5头,以双色流式细胞术检测其外周血淋巴细胞CD4~+、CD8~+亚群的含量,并进行比较。结果显示,羊源CD4、CD8的流式荧光抗体能够标记林麝细胞并有效检测;患病林麝与健康林麝相比,外周血CD4~+细胞含量无差异(P 0.05),CD8~+细胞含量则显著降低(P 0.01),CD4~+/CD8~+比值显著增高(P 0.01)。结果表明,患呼吸系统炎性疾病的林麝其外周血淋巴细胞CD8~+亚群变化显著,检测淋巴细胞亚群对林麝疾病的诊断有重要意义。     

女性生殖道尖锐湿疣的亚微结构与分型

目的:探讨生殖道尖锐湿疣的亚微结构、分型及其与生殖道癌的关系。方法:用扫描电镜和透射电镜对随机抽取的50例女性生殖道尖锐湿疣的活检组织进行观察。结果:椐电镜下形态可分为尖锐湿疣(指状突起型)、结节湿疣和内生性漫疣。尖锐湿疣(指状突起型)以细胞严重空胞变性为特征:结节湿疣以间质和上皮弥漫性增生为特点;内生性湿疣是前两型的病变向间质或腺管内陷的结果。扫描电镜发现:结节湿疣的鳞状上皮细胞表面特有的微嵴有绒毛变或颗粒样变;鳞状或柱状细胞表面有小孔(直径3-5μm);表层巨大细胞;宫颈鳞化部出现表面被覆短而密集微绒毛的特殊细胞簇。这些结构类似宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)的形态表现。透射电镜显示:结节湿疣细胞核增大(N/C增高)或形态不规则,核膜外突内凹,染色质浓缩向核膜边集,核质透明化,多量核分裂相和核小体等类似肿瘤细胞活跃增殖的图象;并于染色质高度浓缩的细胞核内发现了球形、无包囊、直径约45～50nm的具有HPV特征的病毒颗粒和病毒晶格。结论:以上结果提示:HPV感染的生殖道湿疣特别是结节湿疣有癌变的可能。因此,对尖锐湿疣进行形态学分类对指导治疗及疾病转归有一定意义。     

影响CD4+CD25+T细胞分化发育的细胞分子机制

免疫耐受的精髓即机体对外界病原体抗原产生免疫应答的同时对自身抗原不应答.近两年对CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞(CD4 CD25 regulatory T cell, Treg)所发挥的免疫耐受功能的研究取得了令人瞩目的长足进展,对此群细胞所具有的维持外周免疫耐受的独特地位已无可争议.但调节性T细胞的多种生物学特征特别是Treg细胞分化发育的分子机制与信号需求并不清楚,因此探索有关Treg的发生发育及其影响机制已成为近两年研究Treg细胞的热点.综述最近的相关研究数据,了解胸腺以及外周影响Treg细胞分化发育和功能产生的多种细胞分子机制,有助于进一步研究此群细胞的功能及其在抑制自身免疫性疾病、诱导移植耐受等方面的应用.     

CD127与T淋巴细胞

CD127是IL-7受体α链,T淋巴细胞对IL-7的特异性应答主要通过CD127的表达实现的。CD127在胸腺细胞向T淋巴细胞的发育过程、成熟T细胞内环境稳态的维持、病毒感染后T细胞的免疫应答及记忆性T细胞的分化及幸存等方面发挥重要的作用。在整个T淋巴细胞生命周期中仅有两个阶段缺乏CD127的表达：即双阳性CD4+CD8+T细胞及激活的T细胞。近期,随着对CD127研究的不断深入,发现CD127在作为记忆性T细胞及调节性T细胞特异性的表面标记物方面也发挥着重要作用。本文简要介绍了CD127在T淋巴细胞生命周期的不同阶段所发挥的调节作用及其机制。     

Nonrandom migration of CD4+, CD8+, and gamma delta+T19+ lymphocyte subsets following in vivo stimulation with antigen

We report here the results of experiments in which the migration of three T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, and gamma delta+T19+ cells) through antigen-stimulated lymph nodes and subcutaneous granulomas has been compared with that through normal skin and resting lymph nodes. The percentage of gamma delta+T19+ lymphocytes was halved and the percentage of CD8+ lymphocytes was doubled in lymph draining stimulated compared with control tissues, and all lymphocyte subsets except gamma delta+T19+ lymphocytes had higher hourly outputs in lymph draining antigen-stimulated compared with control tissues. Antigen also resulted in a higher percentage of CD8+ lymphoblasts and a lower percentage of gamma delta+T19+ lymphoblasts in efferent lymph draining antigen-stimulated lymph nodes. The data indicate that lymphocyte subsets leave the blood with differing efficiencies in different vascular beds and raise the possibility that antigen can influence the rate at which tissues extract individual T cell subsets from the blood.     

Semiquantitative analysis of Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+renal-cell-carcinoma-infiltrating lymphocytes

The mRNA expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines was compared in freshly isolated CD3⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD3⁺ TIL) and in autologous CD3⁺ peripheral blood lymphocytes (CD3⁺ PBL) obtained simultaneously from 20 patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCC). In addition cytokine expression was compared in CD4⁺ TIL and CD8⁺ TIL from another group of 20 patients with RCC. TIL were isolated from mechanically disaggregated tumor material and PBL from peripheral blood by gradient centrifugation and subsequent selection with anti-CD3, anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 magnetic beads. In these pure lymphocyte preparations the constitutive expression of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, IL-10, interferon γ (IFN), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) was determined by using a polymerase-chain-reaction-assisted mRNA amplification assay. In the CD3⁺ TIL, levels of mRNA for IFN, IL-10, IL-1 and TNF were significantly higher than in the autologous CD3⁺ PBL whereas IL-2 expression was rather low and did not differ in the two populations. Comparison of cytokine mRNA expression in CD4⁺ TIL and simultaneously obtained CD8⁺ TIL revealed a significantly higher expression of IFN in the CD8⁺ cells. These data reflect an in vivo activation of RCC-infiltrating lymphocytes at the mRNA level with respect to the Th1 as well as the Th2 immune response. Th1 activation seems to be most evident in the CD8⁺ TIL. Received: 14 January 1999 / Accepted: 30 April 1999     

阿昔洛韦对传染性单核细胞增多患儿CD~(4+)和CD~(8+)的影响

目的:探究阿昔洛韦对小儿传染性单核细胞增多症CD4+、CD8+的影响。方法:选取我院收治的小儿传染性单核细胞增多症的患者64例,随机分为两组。实验组予阿昔洛韦静脉滴注,对照组予利巴韦林静脉滴注。对比两组的临床疗效及CD4+、CD8+和CD4+/CD8+比值的变化情况。结果:1治疗后两组患儿临床疗效,实验组较对照组显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2治疗后两组患儿退热时间、淋巴结消退时间、异型淋巴细胞消失时间以及住院时间等比较,实验组明显较对照组短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3治疗前,两组患者CD4+、CD8+以及CD4+/CD8+比值无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后,患者CD4+及CD4+/CD8+比值呈现先升高再降低的趋势,CD8+则呈现下降趋势,与对照组比较,实验组治疗3天,10天及1个月CD4+以及CD8+下降明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);CD4+/CD8+比值则较对照组升高(P0.05)。结论:采用阿昔洛韦能够更好的改善患者临床症状,影响CD4+、CD8+的变化,使紊乱的免疫系统较快的恢复。     

NK1.1+ thymocytes. Adult murine CD4-, CD8- thymocytes contain an NK1.1+, CD3+, CD5hi, CD44hi, TCR-V beta 8+ subset.

CD4-, CD8- thymocytes were purified from thymi obtained from normal C57BL/6 mice. By flow cytometry analysis, 5 to 10% of these double negative (DN) thymocytes were found to express NK1.1 on their surface. The NK1.1+ DN thymocytes were demonstrated, by two-color fluorescence, to be CD3lo, CD5hi, CD44hi, J11d-, B220-, MEL 14-, IL2R- with 60% expressing TCR-V beta 8 as determined by the mAb F23.1. In contrast, splenic and peripheral blood NK cells were NK1.1+, CD3-, CD5-, TCR-V beta 8- with 40 to 60% being MEL 14+. Unlike peripheral NK cells, fresh DN thymocytes enriched for NK1.1+ cells were unable to kill YAC-1, the classical murine NK cell target. However, these cells were able to mediate anti-CD3 redirected lysis even when they were assayed immediately after purification, i.e., with no culture or stimulation. These data demonstrate that adult murine thymocytes contain NK1.1+ cells which are distinct, both by function and phenotype, from peripheral NK cells. These data also raise the issue of a possible NK/T bipotential progenitor cell.     

Analysis of the functional capabilities of CD3+CD4-CD8- and CD3+CD4+CD8+ human T cell clones

The functional capabilities of human peripheral blood CD3+CD4-CD8- and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cell clones were examined. The clones were generated by culturing purified populations of CD3+CD4-CD8- and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells at limiting dilution (0.3 cell/well) in the presence of PHA, rIL-2, and irradiated PBMC as feeders. Twelve CD3+CD4-CD8- and 5 CD3+CD4+CD8+ clones were generated. Clonality was documented by analyzing TCR gamma- and beta-chain rearrangement patterns. All CD3+CD4-CD8- clones were stained by the TCR-delta 1 mAb that identifies a framework epitope of the TCR delta-chain, but not by mAb WT31 that identifies the TCR-alpha beta on mature T cells. In contrast, the CD3+CD4+CD8+ clones were all stained by WT31 and not by TCR-delta 1. All 17 clones were screened for various functional activities. Each secreted IL-2, IFN-gamma, and lymphotoxin/TNF-like factors when stimulated with immobilized mAb to CD3 (64.1), albeit in varying quantities. These clones secreted far less IL-2 and IFN-gamma than CD3+CD4+CD8- or CD3+CD4-CD8+ alpha beta expressing clones, but comparable amounts of lymphotoxin/TNF. All clones also functioned as MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic cells. This activity was comparable to that mediated by the CD3+CD4+CD8- or CD3+CD4-CD8+ alpha beta clones. Nine of 12 CD3+CD4-CD8- and 4 of 5 CD3+CD4+CD8+ clones were able to support B cell differentiation when activated by immobilized anti-CD3, but usually not as effectively as the CD3+CD4+CD8- or CD3+CD4-CD8+ alpha beta clones. The differences in the functional capabilities of the various clones could not be accounted for by alterations in the signaling capacity of the CD3 molecular complex as mAb to CD3 induced comparable increases in intracellular free calcium in each clone examined. When clones were stimulated with PWM, each suppressed B cell differentiation supported by mitomycin C-treated fresh CD4+ T lymphocytes. Suppression was dependent on the number of clone cells added to culture, but could be observed with as few as 12,500 cells per microtiter well. Phenotypic analysis of the clones revealed that all expressed CD29, CD11b, and the NKH1 surface Ag. These results demonstrate that the CD3+CD4-CD8- and CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cell clones exhibit many of the functional characteristics of mature T cells, although they produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma and provide help for B cell differentiation less effectively than CD3+CD4+CD8- and CD3+CD4-CD8+ alpha beta T cell clones.     

Inflammation in disseminated lesions: an analysis of CD4+, CD20+, CD68+, CD31+ and vW+ cells in non-ulcerated lesions of disseminated leishmaniasis

Disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) differs from other clinical forms of the disease due to the presence of many non-ulcerated lesions (papules and nodules) in non-contiguous areas of the body. We describe the histopathology of DL non-ulcerated lesions and the presence of CD4-, CD20-, CD68-, CD31- and von Willebrand factor (vW)-positive cells in the inflamed area. We analysed eighteen biopsies from non-ulcerated lesions and quantified the inflamed areas and the expression of CD4, CD20, CD68, CD31 and vW using Image-Pro software (Media Cybernetics). Diffuse lymphoplasmacytic perivascular infiltrates were found in dermal skin. Inflammation was observed in 3-73% of the total biopsy area and showed a significant linear correlation with the number of vW⁺ vessels. The most common cells were CD68⁺ macrophages, CD20⁺ B-cells and CD4⁺ T-cells. A significant linear correlation between CD4⁺ and CD20⁺ cells and the size of the inflamed area was also found. Our findings show chronic inflammation in all DL non-ulcerated lesions predominantly formed by macrophages, plasmacytes and T and B-cells. As the inflamed area expanded, the number of granulomas and extent of the vascular framework increased. Thus, we demonstrate that vessels may have an important role in the clinical evolution of DL lesions.     

A viral long terminal repeat expressed in CD4+CD8+ precursors is downregulated in mature peripheral CD4-CD8+ or CD4+CD8- T cells.

The long terminal repeat from a thymotropic mouse mammary tumor virus variant, DMBA-LV, was used to drive the expression of two reporter genes, murine c-myc and human CD4, in transgenic mice. Expression was observed specifically in thymic immature cells. Expression of c-myc in these cells induced oligoclonal CD4+ CD8+ T-cell thymomas. Expression of human CD4 was restricted to thymic progenitor CD4- CD8- and CD4+ CD8+ T cells and was shut off in mature CD4+ CD8- and CD4- CD8+ T cells, known to be derived from the progenitor double-positive T cells. These results suggest the existence of similar and common factors in CD4+ CD8- and CD4- CD8+ T cells and support a model of differentiation of CD4+ CD8+ T cells through common signal(s) involved in turning off the expression of the CD4 or CD8 gene.     

Immature CD4- CD8+ murine thymocytes

Mature thymocytes are usually defined and separated from other less mature thymocytes on the basis of their mutually exclusive expression of either CD4 or CD8. However, such murine "single positives" include a subpopulation of immature cells with properties resembling CD4- CD8- thymocytes or CD4+ CD8+ cortical blasts. Most of these immature single positives are CD4- CD8+, some expressing relatively low levels of CD8. They are large, dividing cortisone-sensitive cells found in the outer cortex. They express high levels of the heat-stable antigen (recognized by the monoclonals M1/69, B2A2, and J11d) but they are MEL-14-. The absence of detectable surface CD3, the absence of alpha-chain messenger RNA, and the predominance of the truncated form of the beta-chain messenger RNA all indicate that they do not express the T-cell antigen-receptor complex. Strategies for eliminating such immature cells from preparations of mature thymocytes are given, and their developmental significance is discussed.     

Frequency analysis of CD4+CD8+ T cells cloned with IL-4

The coexpression of both CD4 and CD8 molecules on T cells occurs in the peripheral blood at a low frequency and can be generated transiently on CD4+ peripheral blood T cells by treatment with lectin which induces CD8 biosynthesis and cell surface expression. We have cloned T cells in a nonselective fashion from normal subjects in the presence of either IL-2, rIL-4 and IL-2, or rIL-4 and have examined the phenotypic expression of CD4 and CD8. The addition of excess rIL-4 increased the expression of CD8 on the surface of CD4+ T cell clones but did not increase CD4 expression on CD8+ T cell clones. There were three patterns of CD4 and CD8 expression observed: high density CD8 with no CD4 expression; high density CD4 with low CD8 expression; or high density CD4 with higher cell surface CD8 expression which was regulated by the presence of rIL-4. CD4+ T cell clones originally cultured in IL-2 and rIL-4 and subsequently grown in IL-2 alone exhibited decreased expression of the CD8 molecule. The increased expression of CD8 did not correlate with NK activity or lectin-dependent cytotoxicity in an antigen independent system. In addition, rIL-4 alone or in combination with IL-2 appeared to accelerate the growth curve of T cell clones as compared to IL-2 alone. These results show that IL-4 can upregulate CD8 expression on CD4+ T cell clones while not effecting CD4 expression on CD8+ T cell clones. As class I MHC is the ligand for the CD8 molecule, expression of CD8 induced by IL-4 on CD4+ T cells may allow for increased nonspecific cell to cell contact during the course of an inflammatory response.