着生藻类和浮游藻类在三峡库区河流健康评价中的适宜性比较研究

藻类对水体环境变化敏感,其种类和数量与环境因素有密切联系并因环境的变化而发生变化,因此藻类常作为河流健康评价的指示生物。水体中的藻类根据生活习性不同分为着生藻类和浮游藻类,在河流健康评价中,以往的工作中有的采用浮游藻类用于河流健康评价,有的采用着生藻类用于评价,但浮游藻类和着生藻类究竟何者用于河流健康评价更适宜,抑或是二者在用于评价的适宜性上没有明显差别,迄今为止未开展过深入研究。选择三峡库区内的两条河流嘉陵江和乌江作为研究对象,于2015年9月,在两条河流上共布设11个研究断面,对嘉陵江、乌江的水环境理化因子、着生藻类和浮游藻类群落进行调查研究,应用着生藻类生物完整性指数(Periphytic algal index of biological integrity,Pe-IBI)和浮游藻类生物完整性指数(Phytoplankton index of biological integrity,Ph-IBI),并结合水体综合污染指数(Comprehensive pollution index,CPI),对嘉陵江、乌江的健康状况进行评价。研究结果表明,采用着生藻类生物完整性评价(Pe-IBI)能筛选出7个核心生物参数(藻类总分类单元数、蓝藻总分类单元数、绿藻总分类单元数、菱形藻比例、优势分类单元比例、香农多样性指数、均匀度)用于河流健康评价,着生藻类生物完整性指数(Pe-IBI)与水体综合污染指数(CPI)具有极显著的负相关关系,并且与水体中总氮、铅含量也有极显著的负相关关系,表明水环境质量越低则着生藻类的生物完整性越差;当采用浮游藻类生物完整性(Ph-IBI)用于河流健康评价时却只能筛选出1个核心生物参数(藻类密度),而且浮游藻类生物完整性指数(Ph-IBI)与水体综合污染指数(CPI)及12个水体环境指标并无明显的相关性。本研究表明,在河流水体中,与浮游藻类相比,着生藻类更能反映水体环境的状况,对河流水体环境的反映更为准确。因此,在以流动水体为特征的河流的健康评价中,采用着生藻类比采用浮游藻类更为适宜。     

长江口赤潮高发区浮游植物与水动力环境因子的分布特征

报道了2002年春季长江口海域(30°50′～31°50′N,121°50′～123°00′E)的22个大面观察站和一个昼夜连续观察站的水样和网样浮游植物的种类组成、丰度分布与水动力环境因子、营养盐的关系．结果表明,长江口区共有浮游植物5门45属110种．主要赤潮生物优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema castaturn)和具齿原甲藻(Prorocentrum dentatum)等．浮游植物丰度的昼夜变化白天大于夜间,垂直分布不明显．浮游植物主要生态类型可划分为：沿岸河口低盐半咸水类群、沿岸偏低盐广布性类群、外海高盐暖水性类群等．长江口区浮游植物丰度在1．6×10^3～75．2×10^3个.dm-3．浮游植物的种类组成和丰度分布与长江冲淡水密切相关．在该区域存在三股不同性质的水,即长江河口水、长江冲淡水及外海水(台湾暖流)影响着浮游植物的分布．     

安康水库表层浮游藻类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了解安康水库表层水质与浮游藻类群落现状以及浮游藻类群落结构与环境因子之间的关系,于2012年1—12月对水库表层水进行每月一次的采样,分别对浮游藻类分布状况和理化因子进行分析.利用Shannon指数(H)和Pielou均匀度指数(J)分析浮游藻类群落特征,根据理化指标和综合营养状态指数(TSI)评价水体营养状态.共检测到浮游藻类7门110属,丰度为0.11×10⁴～2.08×10⁴ cells·L^-1.藻类组成、污染指示种分布情况、多样性分析和TSI显示安康水库表层属于中污染水质,处于中营养状态.此外,高密度投饵水产养殖及生活污水直接排放入库对水质产生负面影响,支流岚河的水质状况也较差.典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示,测定的8个环境因子中,不同季节影响浮游藻类群落组成及分布的环境因子不同,且氮是影响浮游藻类组成的主要营养盐因子.理化指标分析显示,安康水库表层水大体满足Ⅱ类水标准,水质良好.但部分采样点的总氮出现差于Ⅱ类水标准的现象,表明安康水库水质有变差的趋势.     

九龙江西溪漳州段浮游植物组成与环境因子的关系

分别在2010年的丰、平、枯3个时期,从浮游植物种类组成、生物量(叶绿素a含量)及其粒级结构等指标对九龙江漳州段浮游植物组成进行了调查,同时分析了其与环境因子间的关系,评估了该河段的水质质量。结果表明:研究区域微微型浮游植物占总生物量比例与温度存在显著的正相关性(P<0.05),小型浮游植物占总生物量比例与总氮成显著的负相关(P<0.05)。共鉴定出浮游植物7门59种,且在各时期均有差异;丰水期与枯水期相比,蓝藻比例上升(P<0.05),甲藻比例下降(P<0.05);研究水域Shannon-Wiener指数在1.0～3.0,为中度污染。典型对应分析表明,温度和营养盐是影响九龙江西溪漳州段浮游植物群落变化的主要环境因子。     

西安城市河流浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为探究西安市城市河流浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,分别于2020年10月和2021年6月对灞河、浐河、沣河及黑河共计24个采样点进行了浮游植物群落组成、细胞密度和生物量的调查研究,并利用冗余分析(RDA)研究环境因子对浮游植物群落结构的影响。调查结果显示,枯水期共鉴定出浮游植物6门115种,主要包括蓝藻门(11.30%)、硅藻门(54.78%)及绿藻门(26.96%),浮游植物细胞密度均值为(3.36±3.50)×106 cells/L,生物量均值为(1.79±3.59) mg/L。丰水期共鉴定出浮游植物7门168种,主要包括蓝藻门(7.74%)、硅藻门(51.79%)及绿藻门(29.76%),浮游植物细胞密度均值为(9.17±9.73)×10⁶ cells/L,生物量均值为(6.54±11.57) mg/L。与枯水期相比,丰水期在物种数量、细胞密度和生物量都大于枯水期。聚类分析结果表明,西安城市河流大部分采样点之间浮游植物群落结构及水环境状况具有相似性,而人类活动可能是导致其余点位具有空间差异性的主要原因。冗余分析(RNA)结果表明影响西安市城市河流...     

松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落格局及其与环境因子的相关性

松花江是黑龙江在我国境内的最大支流,流经吉林、黑龙江两省。松花江哈尔滨段是哈尔滨市工农业生产与生活用水的重要水资源,近年来由于人类活动的频繁影响,水体质量有所下降。鉴于此,于2018年春、夏、秋三季(4月、8月和10月),在松花江哈尔滨段设置14个采样点,对电导率、总氮和总磷等理化指标进行测定,同时对其浮游植物群落结构及环境因子相关性进行研究。利用群落相似性分析(ANOSIM)探讨浮游植物群落时空分布差异;通过SIMPER分析筛选出影响群落时空格局的关键物种。基于优势种和10项理化指标的冗余分析(RDA)揭示了浮游植物群落生态分布特征并对关键影响因子进行识别。研究结果表明,调查期间共鉴定浮游植物136种,其中优势种15种,群落结构主要以硅藻门和绿藻门的物种构成。松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落结构与过去10余年间相比较为稳定。ANOSIM和SIMPER分析表明,季节变化和人为活动干扰对浮游植物群落时空格局具有一定驱动作用,蓝藻门物种的空间分布活动干扰影响明显。RDA分析表明,浮游植物分布特征与水环境时空异质性关系密切,驱动松花江哈尔滨段浮游植物群落时空分布的主要水环境因子为电导率、总磷、浊度和pH。     

巢湖双桥河底泥疏浚过程中浮游植物功能群分类研究

浮游植物功能群分类分析可以精确地反映水体环境变化对水生生物群落的影响。为探究巢湖双桥河底泥疏浚工程对浮游植物群落及水生生态系统的影响,对2017年6月—2018年3月双桥河底泥疏浚期间的水体理化因子、浮游植物群落结构和功能群划分开展了研究。研究发现,底泥疏浚工程能够大量削减双桥河水体中的氮、磷营养盐,但疏浚后的双桥河仍处于中-富营养状态;双桥河浮游植物群落依据其生态功能可划分为M、H1、H2、MP、S1、L_O、X2、X1、J、F、N、G、X3、C、D、Y、W1、L_M、E、T、S_N、K、P等23个功能群,绝对优势功能群为以微囊藻为主的M功能群和以硅藻为主的MP、P功能群。底泥疏浚工程对双桥河浮游植物种类的影响不大,但藻类密度和生物量在疏浚后有显著地下降,浮游植物多样性指数也有提升。将浮游植物功能群生物量与环境因子进行冗余分析(RDA)和Pearson分析发现,水环境因子变化对双桥河浮游植物功能群产生了较大影响,双桥河浮游藻类优势功能群由底泥疏浚前的M、MP、P、W1、Y类转变为底泥疏浚后的C、F、J、M、MP、P、Y类。其中,底泥疏浚工程造成的氮营养盐削减可以对双桥河浮游植物功能群产生较大影响。研究认为双桥河底泥疏浚工程在改善河流浮游植物生态功能,减轻水体污染程度上有积极的作用。     

The influence of floodplain habitat on the quantity and quality of riverine phytoplankton carbon produced during the flood season in San Francisco Estuary

Primary productivity, community respiration, chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton species composition, and environmental factors were compared in the Yolo Bypass floodplain and adjacent Sacramento River in order to determine if passage of Sacramento River through floodplain habitat enhanced the quantity and quality of phytoplankton carbon available to the aquatic food web and how primary productivity and phytoplankton species composition in these habitats were affected by environmental conditions during the flood season. Greater net primary productivity of Sacramento River water in the floodplain than the main river channel was associated with more frequent autotrophy and a higher P:R ratio, chlorophyll a concentration, and phytoplankton growth efficiency (α^B). Total irradiance and water temperature in the euphotic zone were positively correlated with net primary productivity in winter and early spring but negatively correlated with net primary productivity in the late spring and early summer in the floodplain. In contrast, net primary productivity was correlated with chlorophyll a concentration and streamflow in the Sacramento River. The flood pulse cycle was important for floodplain production because it facilitated the accumulation of chlorophyll a and wide diameter diatom and green algal cells during the drain phase. High chlorophyll a concentration and diatom and green algal biomass enabled the floodplain to export 14–37% of the combined floodplain plus river load of total, diatom and green algal biomass and wide diameter cells to the estuary downstream, even though it had only 3% of the river streamflow. The study suggested the quantity and quality of riverine phytoplankton biomass available to the aquatic food web could be enhanced by passing river water through a floodplain during the flood season.     

湘江干流浮游生物群落结构及水质状况分析

为了解湘江干流水质与生物群落现状, 2010-2011年对湘江的水质和浮游生物的分布进行了采样分析, 利用香农-威纳多样性指数分析湘江干流浮游生物群落特征, 并结合水质理化指标评价其水体营养状态。结果表明, 共检出浮游植物8门99属164种, 丰度变化在(1.83-51.1)104cells/L, 生物量变化在0.03-0.60 mg/L; 浮游动物80种, 密度变化在2.16-76.34个/L, 生物量变化在0.01-1.95 mg/L。各采样点的浮游植物多样性指数变化在2.47-5.43, 浮游动物多样性指数变化在1.63-3.38, 浮游生物的多样性较好, 显示出湘江干流的浮游生物群落处于较稳定的状态。对湘江m-m指示种种类组成和群落结构分析, 结果显示湘江水体属于中污带水质; 综合营养状态指数(TIL)在38.27-51.97, 均值为43.73, 属于中营养水平; 综合水质生物学和化学评价结果可知湘江干流的水质较差, 但无明显向富营养化转化的趋势。       

A comparison of natural and human determinants of phytoplankton communities in the Kentucky River basin,USA

Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the Kentucky River and its tributaries were assessed for one year to compare effects of seasonal, spatial, and human environmental factors on phytoplankton. Phytoplankton cell densities were highest in the fall and summer and lowest in the winter. Cell densities averaged 1162 (± 289 SE) cells m1^–1. Cell densities were positively correlated to water temperature and negatively correlated to dissolved oxygen concentration and to factors associated with high-flow conditions (such as, suspended sediment concentrations). Chrysophytes, diatoms, and blue-green algae dominated winter, spring, and summer assemblages, respectively. Ordination analyses (DCCA) indicated that variation in taxonomic composition of assemblages was associated with stream size as well as season.Spatial variation in phytoplankton assemblages and effects of humans was investigated by sampling 55 sites in low flow conditions during August. Phytoplankton density increased with stream size. Assemblages shifted in composition from those dominated by benthic diatoms upstream to downstream communities dominated by blue-green algae and small flagellates. Human impacts were assumed to cause higher algal densities in stream basins with high proportions of agricultural or urban land use than in basins with forested/mined land use. While density and composition of phytoplankton were positively correlated to agricultural land use, they were poorly correlated to nutrient concentrations. Phytoplankton diversity changed with water quality: decreasing with nutrient enrichment and increasing with conditions that probably changed species composition or inhibited algal growth. Human impacts on phytoplankton in running water ecosystems were as great or greater than effects by natural seasonal and spatial factors. Our results indicated that phytoplankton could be useful indicators of water quality and ecosystem integrity in large river systems.     

Phytoplankton Distribution in the Coastal Area Subject to the Impact with the Tiber River Outfall

The taxonomic composition and geographical distribution of phytoplankton in the coastal zone surrounding the River Tiber mouth were investigated in twelve surveys from April 1978 to September 1979. Ninety phytoplankton species were identified from 168 samples. Diatoms were clearly the dominating species, accounting for more than 95 per cent of total phytoplankton.— Principal Component Analysis was utilized to analyse the total information obtained.—The direct impact on the coastal environment of River Tiber water and its considerable nutrient load were seen as providing a permanent potential for the development of less structured phytoplankton communities. Heterogeneity of local hydrological conditions and fluctuations in the river's impact, lead to a virtually constant instability in the neritic environment near the Tiber River outfall.     

东江水系浮游植物功能群季节动态特征及影响因子

2009年12月至2010年9月对东江水系进行了枯水期、平水期、丰水期的三次浮游藻类采集, 以分析浮游藻类功能群组成、季节变化特征及影响其季节变化的物理因子。结果表明, 东江水系浮游藻类在样品中出现频率大于10%的物种归入14个功能群, 分别是J、X2、P、W2、H1、MP、D、F、C、LO、W1、N、X1和 M。其中优势功能群是J、X2、P、W2、H1、MP、D、F、C、LO和 M。浮游藻类功能群组成明显随季节变化, 枯水期时功能群MP、D、P、X2、F、J和W2占优势; 丰水期时, 功能群MP、J、H1、LO占优势。除功能群理论中提到的营养(碳氮硅)、光照强度和生物作用(滤食)外, 水体物理因子——溶氧、水温、pH、TDS也是影响浮游藻类功能群季节动态的重要环境因子。研究表明温带湖泊调查提出的浮游藻类功能群概念用于河流生态系统浮游植物的研究是合适的。       

围隔生态系内浮游植物对富磷的响应

在长江口外应用围隔生态系实验方法,研究了富磷与浮游植物生物量的相关性以及浮游植物对磷吸收的种间竞争。结果表明,可溶性磷(主要是PO     

On the phytoplankton of Awba reservoir, Ibadan, Nigeria

The physico-chemical characteristics and phytoplankton of Awba reservoir in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, were monitored to determine the impact of eutrophication on phytoplankton composition. The principal component analysis identified three major components influencing the physicochemistry of the water, namely trace metals, dissolved oxygen and ionic composition. Comparative analysis with a previous study showed a phenomenal increase in zinc, copper and iron levels over a 10-year period. Furthermore, the ferruginous nature of the soil contributed to the high levels of iron which exceeded the World Health Organization Standards for drinking water quality. The most abundant phytoplankton species was Microcystis aeruginosa which has been implicated in toxic blooms in freshwaters. The conditions favouring cyanophyte blooms and their implications are discussed.     

The hydro-morphological index of diversity: a tool for describing habitat heterogeneity in river engineering projects

Species composition and seasonal succession of phytoplankton were analyzed in a lowland river located in South Banat (Ponjavica, Serbia). As a result of human activity, a network of irrigation channels was built on the Ponjavica River’s upper and lower courses. These channels reduce the water level in the river and help to create favorable conditions for accelerated eutrophication processes. Eight phytoplankton divisions with 444 taxa were present. Physical and chemical testing of water, phytoplankton abundance and biomass, as well as chlorophyll a concentration showed a high level of eutrophication. Cyanobacterial biomass developed in 2002 with dominance of Microcystis aeruginosa and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Changes in phytoplankton composition were observed during 2008, characterized by the appearance and dominance of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii when this species accounted for more than 85% of the total phytoplankton biovolume. The change in dominant phytoplankton functional groups was observed: codons H₁ and M characterizing summer in 2002 were replaced by codons S_N and S₁ in 2008. This study compares the presence of C. raciborskii with other phytoplankton species in relation to water quality parameters. High abundance of this species correlated positively with biochemical oxygen demand and turbidity, and negatively with NO₃-N concentrations during the study period.     

灞河城市段浮游生物群落结构时空变化及其与环境因子的关系

为了解灞河城市段浮游生物群落结构及其与环境因子之间的关系,于2016年9月至2017年7月每2个月进行一次采样分析。调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门63属,其中绿藻门种类数最多(34.9%),其次为硅藻门(30.2%);浮游动物4类45种,以轮虫(48.9%)和原生动物(24.4%)为主。浮游植物和浮游动物的丰度分别为0.73×10~4—98.5×10~4个/L和20—1084个/L,在时空分布上均呈现下游高于上游的趋势,峰值均出现在夏季。根据水体透明度、溶解氧、总磷、总氮、高锰酸盐指数和重金属等理化指标、浮游生物丰度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数对灞河城市段水质状况进行综合评价,结果显示,所研究流域总体为中污状态,上游景观河道内的水生植物对水体具有一定的修复能力。典范对应分析表明,水温、总氮、pH、溶解氧和汞是浮游植物群落分布的主要影响因子;影响浮游动物群落分布的主要因子为水温、总氮、总磷、叶绿素a和汞。     

渭河干流和秦岭北麓典型支流浮游植物功能群特征及水质评价

渭河干流及其秦岭北麓支流地处黄土高原与秦岭山麓交界的生态脆弱区,且浮游植物作为水生态系统中的初级生产者,在维持生态系统稳定方面发挥了至关重要的作用。研究于2017年秋季及2018年春季对渭河流域干流及秦岭北麓五条典型支流开展了系统的水环境及浮游植物研究。首先,对采集到的样品鉴定,利用功能群概念对渭河流域浮游植物进行划分,参考Padisák完善的40组浮游植物功能群划分方法,共划分出功能群25组,把每个样点的样本中相对生物量大于5%的种类规定为代表性功能群,得出主要代表性功能群15组,分别为A、C、D、N、N_A、MP、T_C、T_B、X3、X1、Y、F、J、L_O、W1。然后,利用Qr指数与Shannon-Wiener指数对研究区域进行水质评价,发现两种指数所反映的水质变化情况并不一致,通过对两种评价方法的对比分析得出,Qr指数更适合评价秦岭北麓典型支流水质,Shannon-Wiener指数更适合评价渭河干流水质,因此渭河秦岭北麓典型支流水质季节间无明显变化,渭河干流水质逐渐好转。并通过冗余分析明确影响2017年秋季及2018年春季浮游植物功能群特征的主要环境因子分别为水温、pH、亚硝酸盐氮和浊度、电导率与亚硝酸盐氮。本研究选取了渭河流域及秦岭山脉水系生境迥异的干支流为研究对象,深入探究了不同水质评价方法的适用情况,完善了将生物与水质联系起来的评价体系。最后,期望本研究成果能够为渭河流域的水生态管理和保护提供科学依据。     

The influence of water depth and flow regime on phytoplankton biomass and community structure in a shallow,lowland river

Hydrobiologia - The taxonomic composition and biomass of phytoplankton in the San Joaquin River, California, were examined in relation to water depth, flow regime, and water chemistry. Without...     

3种不同营养水平的河流浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的相关性

为了更好地了解人类活动干扰下,河流水质和浮游植物群落结构的变化情况以及河流生态系统的演变过程,于2019年6月对贵州境内3种不同营养类型的河流（锦江河、湘江河和南明河）进行调查。研究了3条河流的理化因子、浮游植物种类组成及密度,结合冗余分析（RDA）研究了它们之间的关系,并应用聚类分析法研究3条河流浮游植物的空间分布特征。结果表明：水体富营养化程度排序为南明河>湘江河>锦江河,3条河流的综合营养指数分别为61.76、48.76和36.05。锦江河共有浮游植物6门19属21种,其中硅藻门种类最多,占总种数的57.14%;湘江河共有浮游植物6门34属43种,其中硅藻门和绿藻门种类最多,分别占总种数的41.86%和37.21%;南明河共有浮游植物6门32属46种,其中硅藻门和绿藻门种类最多,分别占总种数的39.13%和32.61%,锦江河、湘江河、南明河水体中浮游植物细胞数的平均值分别为12.66×10⁵、38.66×10⁵、132.61×10⁵个/L。浮游植物细胞密度与溶解氧呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,浮游植物细胞密度与电导率、溶解性总固体、盐度、总氮、总磷、氨氮、硝酸盐氮也呈显著正相关（P<0.01）。锦江河的电导率、盐度、溶解性总固体和营养盐含量最低,南明河的最高。此外,聚类分析显示3条河流的浮游植物群落按结构特征可分为两大类。这表明,随着人类活动的加强,河流的电导率、盐度、溶解性总固体、营养盐含量升高,浮游植物的细胞密度增加,其群落结构会由硅藻门占优势,逐渐转变为蓝藻门占优势。     

汉江中下游浮游植物群落结构及水质评价

南水北调中线工程调水后,汉江中下游水华频发引起社会关注。为掌握调水后汉江中下游浮游植物的群落结构特征,于2017年11月、2018年2月、4月和8月在汉江中下游的8个断面对浮游植物进行了定量调查。调查结果显示:共鉴定浮游植物163种,群落组成以硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)、绿藻门(Chlorophyta)为主,其次是蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)。浮游植物优势种主要为硅藻门的梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、颗粒直链藻最窄变种(Melosira granulata var.)、变异直链藻(Melosira varians)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata),隐藻门的卵形隐藻(Cryptomonas ovata),蓝藻门的弯曲颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)和伪鱼腥藻(Pseudoanabaena sp.),且都有较高的优势度。浮游植物密度和生物量的季节变化范围分别为0. 33×106cells/L～1. 82×106cells/L和0. 49 mg/L～7. 38 mg/L。基于Shannon-Weaver多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数以及优势种评价法对汉江中下游的水质进行评价,判断汉江中下游水质整体处于中污状态。