华北寒武系第二统辛集组软舌螺动物化石群*

软舌螺动物是华北板块寒武系小壳化石基本组成之一,也是寒武纪生命大爆发在华北地区的重要见证者。本文系统描述了华北板块南缘-西南缘(河南-陕西地区)寒武系第二统辛集组软舌螺化石9属14种及1未定种。包括直管螺类6属9种:Conotheca australiensis、Cupitheca holocyclata、Cupitheca costellata、Cupitheca? decollata、Tegminites hymenodes、Triplicatella disdoma、Triplicatella xinjia、Protomicrocornus triplicensis和Longxiantheca mira;软舌螺类3属5种及1未定种:Microcornus eximius、Microcornus petilus、Parkula cf. esmeraldina、Parkula bounites、Parakorilithes mammillatus和Parakorilithes sp.。基于大量保存的精美聚合标本,本文准确重建了锥壳和口盖在软舌螺不同属种中的配置。此外,新材料显示华北辛...     

陕南地区下寒武统筇竹寺阶软舌螺化石

描述陕南地区下寒武统筇竹寺阶软舌螺化石６属８种,其中有５新属（Ningqiangethus gen.nov.,Bilgulitheca gen.nov.,Xixiangethes gen.nov.,Paranicrocornus gen.no.,Inflatatheca gen.nov.),新种,１相似种,１未定种。从组织结构和面貌上论述筇竹寺阶软舌螺和梅树村阶软舌螺匠区别,筇笔直寺阶的软舌螺不仅个体增大、背腹分异、口唇发育、壳体与口盖常共存,而且属种分异度大,为进一步研究软舌螺动物的早期演化和解决下寒武统生物地层划分为对比提供重要的实证材料。     

贵州剑河寒武系凯里组脊状单臂螺(Haplophrentis carinatus)埋藏特征及与始海百合共生关系探讨

贵州剑河寒武系凯里组软舌螺化石丰富、埋藏形式多样,其中以脊状单臂螺Haplophrentis carinatus化石数量最多、保存最为完整。过去有关学者对凯里组单臂螺化石的研究主要集中在化石分类学方面,对脊状单臂螺埋藏特征及与其他生物共生关系缺乏深入探讨。本文对324块脊状单臂螺化石标本进行系统研究对比后发现,凯里组脊状单臂螺口盖化石埋藏形式有四类:口盖单独保存、口盖以内模或外模化石形式保存、口盖与锥壳完全绞合保存、口盖与锥壳不完全绞合保存;附肢保存较少;锥壳多以内模化石形式保存;脊状单臂螺内模化石与印痕化石上普遍出现类似软体保存形成的三分叉结构,这类三分叉结构属于后期埋藏因素造成的次生结构。文中还对脊状单臂螺与始海百合共生关系进行探讨,并将二者共生关系归为偏害共生。     

陕西省陆生贝类二新种（肺螺亚纲：柄眼目：虹蛹螺科）

１９９２年３月至５月,作者在陕西省获得陆生贝类标本一批,经鉴定发现二新种,即石泉砂螺Ｇａｓｔｒｏｃｏｐｔａ ｓｈｉｑｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和留坝砂螺Ｇａｓｔｒｏｃｏｐｔａ ｌｉｕｂａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,隶属于肺螺亚纲、柄眼目、虹蛹螺科、砂螺属。本文对二新种形态特征、栖息环境进行了描述,并对其近似种进行了讨论。     

扬子地台早古生代软舌螺化石记述

该文的标本采自云南昆明、晋宁下寒武统筇竹寺组,龙陵上寒武统核桃坪组、柳水组和江苏江宁上奥陶统顶部“新开岭层”。文中描述了软舌螺化石4属5种,1未定种。其中3新属3新种,再次丰富了早古生代碎屑岩地层中的软舌螺化石,对探讨软舌螺类演化进程,确定时代,进行地层对比均有重要价值。     

峡东地区下寒武统黄鳝洞组的古动物化石

本文描述了我国峡东地区下寒武统黄鳝洞组软舌螺类、喙壳类、似软舌螺类、寒武骨片类、异射骨针类以及其它动物化石共25属、37种,其中5新属、15新种。提出了黄鳝洞组有上、下两个化石组合。下组合以Anabarites-Circotheca-Protohertzina 为特征,上组合以Paleosulca-chites-Lenatheca-Zhijinites-Heraultipegma-Sachites-Zeugites-Lapworthella 为特征。黄鳝洞组下组合化石相当于云南梅树村组下组合化石,可与四川麦地坪组下组合化石对比。     

陕西镇巴下寒武统水井沱组小壳化石新属种

本文描述了陕西镇巴下寒武统水井沱组中的小壳化石３新属５新种。样品采自镇巴小洋坝曾家坡,共生化石有三叶虫、古介形虫、海绵骨针和大量软舌螺等。化石组合面貌表明其地质时代属筇竹寺期。另外,在峡东水井沱组中发现了微网虫（Ｍｉｃｒｏｄｉｃｔｙｏｎｓｐ．）化石骨片（图版Ｉ,图１８,１９）,可与云南筇竹寺组及陕南水井沱组对比,说明Ｍｉｃｒｏｄｉｃｔｙｏｎ广泛分布于扬子地台区。     

吉林浑江地区早奥陶世亮甲山组的大型短粗壳内角石类

对产自吉林浑江大阳贫早奥陶世亮甲山组的大型粗壳内角石类进行系统进行,共描述２科３属３７种和１个科属未定标本,其中１新属、３新种和２未定种。首次报道Ｐｉｌｏｃｅｒａｔｉｄａｅ科分子（Ｐａｒａｃａｓｓｉｎｏｃｅｒａｓ ｄａｙａｎｇｃｈａｅｎｓｅ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）在东亚的首次发现。提出角石类内体管构造的４个类型。详细讨论Ｍａｎｃｈｕｒｏｃｅｒａｓ和Ｍａｎｃｈｕｒｃｅｒａｉｄａｅ科的地理分布     

贵州凯里生物群中软舌螺的初步研究

本文描述了采自贵州台江县革东镇八郎中寒武世凯里生物群中的软舌螺化石,计有1种,3相似种和1个未定种。即：Ambrolinevitus cf.ventricosus,Glossolites?sp..Haplophrentis?cf.carinatus,Linevitus opimus,Hyolithes?cf.cariniferus.凯里生物群中软舌螺特点是：1)壳体通常较大,呈宽锥形;2)背、腹壳区分明显,常具中槽或中脊;3)特别是以软舌螺目中的软舌螺科和线带螺科的软舌螺保存数量最多。完全与欧洲、北美相当层位中出现的软舌螺组合面貌相似;并与澄江动物群中的软舌螺在演化特征上是可衔接的。凯里生物群中的软舌螺除具有世界性属种外。还具地区特有的属种。这对研究软舌螺的地理分布、演化进程以及与凯里生物群组合关系有重要意义。     

陕南寒武纪梅树村期西乡生物群中的管状化石研究

陕南寒武纪梅树村期西乡生物群中的管状化石数量丰富,本文对其中的三类主要化石类型:软舌螺、似软舌螺类和阿纳巴管类进行了深入研究。其中软舌螺主要为圆管螺目,属于寒武纪软舌螺演化的第一阶段,且化石具有不同的壳体结构:主要分为单层壳和多层壳两大类,多层壳根据截面又可分为同心与偏心两类。单层壳与同心多层壳可能属于原生结构;偏心多层壳属于次生结构。对上述各类结构进行了分类统计,其中的单层壳与次生多层壳居多,并推测原生多层壳体的出现可加固管体,是地球早期生物为应对同期食肉动物所进化出的生存对策。似软舌螺类的两属:小软舌螺属及小钻孔螺属在此生物群中均有发现。西乡生物群中的阿纳巴管类主要为Anabarites trisulcatus,Aculeochrea tripartitus和Anabarites isiticus,其中Anabarites isiticus的化石壳体表面具有细密生长纹,生长纹可明显分为较粗与较细两类,二者相间排列、重复出现,体现了生物不同的生长周期。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.