不产氧光合细菌光合色素的光氧调控机制

[目的]为不产氧光合细菌光合色素研究提供可行的较系统规范的研究方法和数据,揭示固氮红细菌(Rhodobacter azotoformans 134K20)光合色素光氧适应性机制.[方法]采用光谱法和色谱法对光和氧调控下的类胡萝卜素和细菌叶绿素合成代谢进行了研究.[结果]134K20菌株光照好氧时细胞得率最高.光照厌氧时主要合成3黄、1红、1紫、2绿、2蓝9种色素,黄色素大量表达.有氧时红色素大量表达,且启动2种新的红色素和1种新的紫色素表达,而黄色和蓝绿色素则受氧抑制.黑暗好氧主要合成2黄、3红、2紫、1绿、1蓝9种色素,但不同于光照厌氧.光照好氧时黄色素减少到1种,紫色素含量增加,其余同黑暗好氧.[结论]固氮红细菌(Rhodobacter azotoformans 134K20)是通过PpsR调节途径来调节光合基因表达的.黄色和红色素属于类胡萝卜素.黄色素1属于球形烯系列,其余两种黄色素是新的类胡萝卜素组分.红色素为新的球形烯酮组分,3种红色素极性、峰形和峰位差别显著,正己烷能显示其精细结构.紫色为极性较大的细菌脱镁叶绿素,绿色和蓝色为4种极性不同的细菌叶绿素a中间产物.乙醚甲醇法适合类胡萝卜素的提取,丙酮甲醇冰冻研磨法能快速有效完全提取光合色素.溶剂效应可有效鉴别细菌叶绿素a中间产物.     

玛珥湖好氧不产氧光合细菌pufM基因DNA和mRNA的定量及多样性分析

【目的】湖光岩玛珥湖是一类特殊的火山口湖,它完全封闭,地质年代久远,尚未受人类活动的剧烈影响,孕育着丰富而特殊的微生物种群。好氧不产氧光合细菌(AAPB)是以其在有氧情况下能行使光合功能而定义的一类专性异养细菌,其生理生态特征独特,进化年代久远,在水生生态系统的上层水体中广泛分布。目前,AAPB在玛珥湖水体中是否有分布仍是未知。【方法】构建和比较夏季湖水1 m、5 m、12 m三个水层的总DNA和总RNA的AAPB光合中心合成的关键基因pufM的6个克隆文库,并结合定量PCR技术,分析了不同水层AAPB的分布、系统发育多样性及其在总细菌中的比重。【结果】6个文库覆盖率和稀释曲线显示样本初步揭示了各水层优势AAPB类群的多样性。BLAST核苷酸同源性介于80%93%;多样性指数表明,湖光岩表层和底层多样性相当,中间层最低,总RNA的多样性高于总DNA。系统发育分析结果表明,OTU21 24所含的序列(占总序列的49.43%)与β-变形细菌的进化距离最接近,是湖光岩玛珥湖的优势AAPB菌群。定量PCR结果显示1 m水层中AAPB在总细菌中的比重最高,可达38.06%;而5 m水层中AAPB所占的比重最低,仅为0.85%;12 m为9.54%。【结论】湖光岩玛珥湖孕育着丰富而多样的AAPB类群。     

一株嗜酸硫杆菌M4-422-6的分离及其全基因组测序和比较基因组学分析

【目的】开展具有硫氧化能力的嗜酸硫杆菌属(Acidithiobacillus)的分离及其比较基因组学分析,不仅可以丰富硫氧化细菌菌种资源,而且有助于加深理解嗜酸硫杆菌的分子进化与生态适应机制。【方法】利用以硫代硫酸钠为唯一能源的培养基分离具有硫氧化能力的细菌;利用Illumina HiSeq X和Oxford Nanopore测序平台对一株嗜酸硫杆菌M4-422-6进行全基因组测序;利用相关生物信息学分析软件对原始数据进行组装和基因组注释,并与一株亲缘关系最近的菌株Igneacidithiobacillus copahuensis VAN18-1进行比较基因组学分析。【结果】分离获得一株具有硫氧化能力的嗜酸硫杆菌M4-422-6。基因组注释结果显示,菌株M4-422-6基因组由1个染色体和2个质粒组成,基因组大小为2 917 823 bp,G+C含量为58.54%,共编码2 925个蛋白。16S rRNA基因和基因组系统发育树显示,菌株M4-422-6代表嗜酸硫杆菌属的一个潜在新种。功能基因注释结果显示,菌株Acidithiobacillus sp. M4-422-6拥有与菌株特性相关的众多基因,包括硫氧化相关基因、CO₂固定相关基因和耐酸相关基因。比较基因组学分析发现,虽然菌株M4-422-6与VAN18-1的亲缘关系最近,但两者仍拥有众多的差异基因,主要包括噬菌体抗性相关基因和移动元件编码基因。【结论】菌株M4-422-6代表嗜酸硫杆菌属的一个潜在新种,该菌株具有同种内菌株所不具有的特有基因,并据此推测嗜酸硫杆菌种内分化可归因于对特定生态位的适应。     

基因组分析揭示拟茎点霉XP-8产松脂醇及其糖苷等多种次级代谢产物的合成途径

【目的】通过解析拟茎点霉属XP-8的基因组序列信息,揭示该菌株潜在的代谢途径,并分析松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的关键基因。【方法】使用Illumina Hi Seq 2500高通量测序平台对拟茎点霉XP-8菌株进行全基因组测序,并通过不同软件对测序数据进行序列拼接,基因预测与功能注释。【结果】组装后的拟茎点霉XP-8基因组大小为55.2 Mb,GC含量53.5%,含有17094个蛋白编码基因和310个非编码基因。获得了松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等次级代谢产物生物合成相关的基因。系统发育分析揭示出拟茎点霉XP-8与5种子囊菌共有12635个同源基因和5626个基因家族。【结论】拟茎点霉XP-8具有用于合成松脂醇及其糖苷化合物等多种次级代谢物的基因组基础,为下一步的代谢工程改造提供依据。     

光氧环境对紫色硫细菌YL28去除无机三态氮的影响

【背景】光和氧是制约光合细菌生长代谢进而影响其除氮效果的重要因素。不产氧光合细菌紫色硫细菌——海洋着色菌(Marichromatium gracile) YL28能以亚硝氮为唯一氮源进行光合生长,对高浓度无机三态氮具有良好去除能力。【目的】阐明YL28菌株除氮效率与光氧环境的交互联系,获得其生物除氮的最适光氧条件。【方法】以高浓度无机三态氮共存海水水体为研究体系,在有光/无光条件下考查装样量(表征体系溶氧状态)对YL28菌株生物除氮活性的影响,并通过响应面分析法对装样量、光照强度和光周期3个主要因素进行优化。【结果】光照且氧浓度较低时(80%装样量),YL28具有最佳生长和无机三态氮去除能力;装样量在10%-100%时,菌体生物量(OD_(660))在0.938-2.719之间,当氨氮、亚硝氮和硝氮分别为7.16、5.67和4.83mmol/L时,其去除率分别在71.44%-89.09%、99.22%-99.83%和91.60%-97.33%。黑暗条件下,装样量在20%-100%时,氨氮、亚硝氮和硝氮去除率分别在48.07%-64.27%、73.51%-86.42%和42.57%-46.34%,但菌体生物量(OD_(660)为0.615-0.903)明显降低。通过响应面优化,当装样量、光照强度和光周期分别为80.0%(溶氧量约为0.32 mg/L)、2 800 lx和24L:0D时,细胞生长和氨氮去除活性达到最佳状态,分别比优化前提高了21.28%和14.11%。在实际应用中,选取72%-89%装样量(溶氧量约为0.26-0.63mg/L)、2240-3460lx光照强度和21L:3D-24L:0D光周期,细胞活性可达95%以上。【结论】80%装样量有助于促进菌体光照生长和除氮;在黑暗有氧和无氧环境下,YL28菌株也具有较好除氮活性,这为不产氧光合细菌在生物反应器中高效去除无机三态氮的应用提供了有价值的参考数据。     

枯草芽孢杆菌N2-10的基因组测序和比较基因组分析

【背景】枯草芽孢杆菌N2-10是一株具有较强抑菌能力且能产纤维素酶等多种水解酶的革兰氏阳性菌,在发酵饲料中具有较大的应用潜力。【目的】通过获得枯草芽孢杆菌N2-10的全基因组序列信息,进一步解析菌株次级代谢产物合成基因信息,并通过比较基因组学分析菌株N2-10与模式菌株的差异性,为阐明N2-10抑菌和益生机制提供理论基础。【方法】通过二代Illumina NovaSeq联合三代PacBio Sequel测序平台,对菌株N2-10进行全基因组测序,将测序数据进行基因组组装、基因预测与功能注释,并利用比较基因组学分析N2-10与其他菌株的差异。【结果】菌株N2-10基因组大小为4 036 899 bp,GC含量为43.88%;共编码4 163个编码基因,所有编码基因总长度为3594369bp,编码区总长度占基因组总长度的89.04%;含有85个tRNA、10个5S rRNA、10个16S rRNA、10个23S rRNA,以及2个CRISPR-Cas、1个前噬菌体和6个基因岛;在GO (gene ontolog)、COG (clusters of orthologous groups of...     

宁夏地区一株奶牛源耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌流行株的高通量测序分析

【背景】耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)是一种常见的条件性致病菌,由MRSA感染导致的奶牛乳腺炎给奶牛养殖户带来了重大的经济损失。【目的】了解宁夏地区奶牛源MRSA流行株基因组序列特征,为MRSA感染的防治提供理论依据。【方法】采用琼脂扩散法对分离株ld11进行抗菌药物敏感性试验,同时运用Illumina高通量测序平台对其基因组DNA进行高通量测序,使用网络数据库对获得的测序序列进行处理分析。【结果】药敏试验结果显示分离株ld11对头孢噻呋、磺胺异恶唑、氨苄西林、红霉素、庆大霉素、苯唑西林、克林霉素、四环素和多西环素耐药,数据分析显示分离株ld11携带耐药基因aadD、spc、str、blaZ、mecA、cat(pC194)、erm(A)、norA、tet(k)和tet(M),二者之间有很好的相关性;分离株ld11携带的耐药基因多于MRSA参考菌株,且分离株ld11和MRSA252的亲缘关系较近。COG功能分析和GO注释结果显示,与维持菌体基本功能和菌株生长增殖相关的基因占优势;KEGG通路分析结果显示,属于代谢通路的基因占比最多。从该菌株基因组序列上共检测到4个基因岛、9个疑似的CRISPR序列和1个完整的前噬菌体序列。【结论】揭示了宁夏地区奶牛源MRSA流行株的部分基因组序列信息,为MRSA菌株间基因组序列信息的比较分析及MRSA感染的防控提供参考依据。     

两株母乳源植物乳杆菌的全基因组测序分析

【背景】母乳是一个重要的益生菌筛选库,其中植物乳杆菌是一种用途广泛、适应性强的益生菌。然而不同菌株具有不同的功能,现有的生理生化方法对其潜在益生特性研究十分有限,有必要采用高通量的方法寻找具有种群特异性的优质益生菌。【目的】结合菌株生化特征在全基因组的测序与分析的基础上对两株植物乳杆菌的潜在功能进行预测,并重点找寻与肠液耐受性及细菌素的合成相关的基因,即在基因组的结构上对菌株的表型进行探究。【方法】分离筛选出两株母乳源植物乳杆菌MP55、MP37,并利用Illumina genome analyzer对菌株的全基因组进行测序,采用Prokka软件对细菌基因组进行注释,采用Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy)、Koyto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)和Clusters of orthologous genes(COG)数据库对基因组进行功能注释;同时采用Prodigal、RNAmmer等工具对编码序列、核糖体RNA进行预测,并用CGView软件绘制菌株的基因组环形图谱。【结果】通过基因组装得到了两株植物乳杆菌的全基因组信息,植物乳杆菌MP37、MP55基因组大小分别为3 204 421 bp和3 299 180 bp;(G+C)mol%含量分别为44.36%和44.46%;分别包含3 012个和3 101个DNA编码序列,结合菌株生化特征在基因组上找到4个与肠液耐受相关的基因及一段细菌素合成相关基因簇。基因组序列原始数据和拼接结果已提交至"gcMeta"平台。【结论】通过高通量测序分析在基因组水平上揭示了植物乳杆菌MP55、MP37在肠道存活性与抑制病原菌相关的可能机理。植物乳杆菌MP55、MP37是两株潜在的益生菌候选菌株,实验结果为进一步阐明其益生菌特性的功能机制提供了遗传学基础。     

一株反硝化光合细菌的生物学特性及系统发育分析

【目的】养殖水体中亚硝酸盐的过量积累会对养殖生物产生毒害作用,应用脱氮细菌去除亚硝酸盐是养殖水质调控的重要手段之一,本文意在得到一株高效去除亚硝酸盐的光合细菌。【方法】采用软琼脂稀释法分离纯化光合细菌菌株,通过电镜观察、生理生化试验研究其生物学特性、依据16S rDNA和光合反应中心M亚基基因(Gene coding for photosynthetic reaction center subunit M,pufM)序列对其做系统发育分析。【结果】从淡水养殖塘中分离筛选到一株高效还原亚硝氮的光合细菌菌株wps。该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,细胞杆状,大小为0.4-0.6μm×1.5-4.0μm,极生丛生鞭毛,片层状光合内膜,兼性厌氧光照条件生长,单菌落及液体培养物呈红色,含细菌叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素。最适生长pH范围为5.5-8.5,最适生长盐度范围为0-2%,最适生长温度范围为25℃-38℃。菌株wps与Rhodopseudomonas palustris的16S rDNA序列相似性为98.9%,光合反应中心M亚基基因序列的相似性为94.9%,但是二者在生物学性质上有较大差异,如菌株wps在pH5.5生长,不能光自养生长,不利用柠檬酸盐、甲酸盐进行光异养生长,需盐酸硫胺素和泛酸钙做生长因子等。【结论】菌株wps可能为Rhodopseudomonas属的一个新种,且在养殖水体水质调控中具有重要应用前景。     

红角辉蝽和紫翅果蝽线粒体完整基因组测序及蝽亚科系统发育分析(半翅目: 蝽科)(英文)

【目的】本研究对红角辉蝽Carbula crassiventris和紫翅果蝽Carpocoris purpureipennis完整线粒体基因组测序,以探究蝽亚科(Pentatominae)线粒体基因组特征并重建其系统发育关系。【方法】使用Illumina MiSeq测序平台测定红角辉蝽和紫翅果蝽线粒体基因组全序列,并进行组装和注释。基于这2个种和其他30个蝽亚科分类单元线粒体基因组的13个蛋白质编码基因的第1和2位密码子以及2个rRNA基因的核苷酸序列,利用贝叶斯和最大似然法重建蝽亚科系统发育树。【结果】红角辉蝽和紫翅果蝽的线粒体基因组全长分别为15 824 和16 575 bp, 包含13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个控制区。蝽亚科内线粒体基因组基因排列顺序保守且没有发现基因重排。此外,蝽亚科内的碱基组成、密码子使用和RNA结构均较为保守; 控制区重复序列拥有不同的长度、类型和拷贝数。基于贝叶斯法和最大似然法重建的系统发育树显示二星蝽族(Eysarcorini)、果蝽族(Carpocorini)、稻绿蝽族(Nezarini)和Antestiini构成一个稳定分枝。【结论】系统发育分析支持辉蝽属Carbula应属于二星蝽族,而果蝽属Carpocoris、斑须蝽属Dolycoris和珠蝽属Rubiconia同属于果蝽族。     

Comparison of cultivation-dependent and molecular methods for studying the diversity of anoxygenic purple phototrophs in sediments of an eutrophic brackish lagoon

Phototrophic anoxygenic purple bacteria play a key role in many aquatic ecosystems by oxidizing sulfur compounds and low-molecular-weight organic compounds using light as energy source. In this study, molecular methods based upon pufM gene (photosynthetic unit forming gene) were compared with culture-dependent methods to investigate anoxygenic purple phototrophic communities in sediments of an eutrophic brackish lagoon. Thirteen strains, belonging to eight different genera of purple phototrophic bacteria were isolated with a large dominance of the metabolically versatile purple non-sulfur bacteria (eight strains), some purple sulfur bacteria (three strains) and two strains belonging to the Roseobacter clade (aerobic phototrophs). The pufM genes amplified from the isolated strains were not detected by the molecular methods [terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)] applied on in situ communities. An environmental clone library of the pufM gene was thus constructed from sediment samples. The results showed that most of the clones probably corresponded to aerobic phototrophic bacteria. Our results demonstrate that the culture-dependent techniques remain the best experimental approach for determining the diversity of phototrophic purple non-sulfur bacteria whereas the molecular approach clearly illustrated the abundance of organisms related to the Roseobacter clade in these eutrophic sediments.     

Diversity and distribution of ecotypes of the aerobic anoxygenic phototrophy gene pufM in the Delaware estuary

The diversity of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria has been examined in marine habitats, but the types of AAP bacteria in estuarine waters and distribution of ecotypes in any environment are not well known. The goal of this study was to determine the diversity of AAP bacteria in the Delaware estuary and to examine the distribution of select ecotypes using quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for the pufM gene, which encodes a protein in the light reaction center of AAP bacteria. In PCR libraries from the Delaware River, pufM genes similar to those from Beta- (Rhodoferax-like) or Gammaproteobacteria comprised at least 50% of the clones, but the expressed pufM genes from the river were not dominated by these two groups in August 2002 (less than 31% of clones). In four transects, qPCR data indicated that the gammaproteobacterial type of pufM was abundant only near the mouth of the bay whereas Rhodoferax-like AAP bacteria were restricted to waters with a salinity of <5. In contrast, a Rhodobacter-like pufM gene was ubiquitous, but its distribution along the salinity gradient varied with the season. High fractions (12 to 24%) of all three pufM types were associated with particles. The data suggest that different groups of AAP bacteria are controlled by different environmental factors, which may explain current difficulties in predicting the distribution of total AAP bacteria in aquatic environments.     

Neotabrizicola shimadae gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium harbouring photosynthetic genes in the family Rhodobacteraceae,isolated from a terrestrial hot spring

A bacteriochlorophyll-containing bacterium, designated as strain N10^T, was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive and ovoid to rod-shaped cells showed the features of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, i.e., strain N10^T synthesised bacteriochlorophylls under aerobic conditions and could not grow anaerobically even under illumination. Genome analysis found genes for bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, light-harvesting complexes and type-2 photosynthetic reaction centre in the chromosome. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and 92 core proteins revealed that strain N10^T was located in a distinct lineage near the type species of the genera Tabrizicola and Xinfangfangia and some species in the genus Rhodobacter (e.g., Rhodobacter blasticus). Strain N10^T shared?<?97.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with those species in the family Rhodobacteraceae. The digital DNA–DNA hybridisation, average nucleotide identity and average amino acid identity values with the relatives, Tabrizicola aquatica RCRI19^T (an aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium), Xinfangfangia soli ZQBW^T and R. blasticus ATCC 33485^T were 19.9–20.7%, 78.2–79.1% and 69.1–70.1%, respectively. Based on the phenotypic features, major fatty acid and polar lipid compositions, genome sequence and phylogenetic position, a novel genus and species are proposed for strain N10^T, to be named Neotabrizicola shimadae (=?JCM 34381^T?=?DSM 112087T). Strain N10^T which is phylogenetically located among aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (Tabrizicola), bacteriochlorophyll-deficient bacteria (Xinfangfangia) and anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (Rhodobacter) has great potential to promote studies on the evolution of photosynthesis in Rhodobacteraceae.

     

Diversity and function of Chloroflexus-like bacteria in a hypersaline microbial mat: phylogenetic characterization and impact on aerobic respiration

We studied the diversity of Chloroflexus-like bacteria (CLB) in a hypersaline phototrophic microbial mat and assayed their near-infrared (NIR) light-dependent oxygen respiration rates. PCR with primers that were reported to specifically target the 16S rRNA gene from members of the phylum Chloroflexi resulted in the recovery of 49 sequences and 16 phylotypes (sequences of the same phylotype share more than 96% similarity), and 10 of the sequences (four phylotypes) appeared to be related to filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic members of the family Chloroflexaceae. Photopigment analysis revealed the presence of bacteriochlorophyll c (BChlc), BChld, and gamma-carotene, pigments known to be produced by phototrophic CLB. Oxygen microsensor measurements for intact mats revealed a NIR (710 to 770 nm) light-dependent decrease in aerobic respiration, a phenomenon that we also observed in an axenic culture of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. The metabolic ability of phototrophic CLB to switch from anoxygenic photosynthesis under NIR illumination to aerobic respiration under non-NIR illumination was further used to estimate the contribution of these organisms to mat community respiration. Steady-state oxygen profiles under dark conditions and in the presence of visible (VIS) light (400 to 700 nm), NIR light (710 to 770 nm), and VIS light plus NIR light were compared. NIR light illumination led to a substantial increase in the oxygen concentration in the mat. The observed impact on oxygen dynamics shows that CLB play a significant role in the cycling of carbon in this hypersaline microbial mat ecosystem. This study further demonstrates that the method applied, a combination of microsensor techniques and VIS and NIR illumination, allows rapid establishment of the presence and significance of CLB in environmental samples.     

Abundance, depth distribution, and composition of aerobic bacteriochlorophyll a-producing bacteria in four basins of the central Baltic Sea

The abundance, vertical distribution, and diversity of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAP) were studied at four basins of the Baltic Sea. AAP were enumerated by infrared epifluorescence microscopy, and their diversity was analyzed by using pufM gene clone libraries. In addition, numbers of CFU containing the pufM gene were determined, and representative strains were isolated. Both approaches indicated that AAP reached maximal abundance in the euphotic zone. Maximal AAP abundance was 2.5 x 10(5) cells ml(-1) (11% of total prokaryotes) or 1.0 x 10(3) CFU ml(-1) (9 to 10% of total CFU). Environmental pufM clone sequences were grouped into 11 operational taxonomic units phylogenetically related to cultivated members of the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria. In spite of varying pufM compositions, five clones were present in all libraries. Of these, Jannaschia-related clones were always found in relative abundances representing 25 to 30% of the total AAP clones. The abundances of the other clones varied. Clones potentially affiliated with typical freshwater Betaproteobacteria sequences were present at three Baltic Sea stations, whereas clones grouping with Loktanella represented 40% of the total cell numbers in the Gotland Basin. For three alphaproteobacterial clones, probable pufM phylogenetic relationships were supported by 16S rRNA gene analyses of Baltic AAP isolates, which showed nearly identical pufM sequences. Our data indicate that the studied AAP assemblages represented a mixture of marine and freshwater taxa, thus characterizing the Baltic Sea as a "melting pot" of abundant, polyphyletic aerobic photoheterotrophic bacteria.     

Isolation and characterization of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs from exposed soils from the Sør Rondane Mountains,East Antarctica

This study investigated the culturable aerobic phototrophic bacteria present in soil samples collected in the proximity of the Belgian Princess Elisabeth Station in the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica. Until recently, only oxygenic phototrophic bacteria (Cyanobacteria) were well known from Antarctic soils. However, more recent non-cultivation-based studies have demonstrated the presence of anoxygenic phototrophs and, particularly, aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in these areas. Approximately 1000 isolates obtained after prolonged incubation under different growth conditions were studied and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Representative strains were identified by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes. More than half of the isolates grouped among known aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic taxa, particularly with Sphingomonadaceae, Methylobacterium and Brevundimonas. In addition, a total of 330 isolates were tested for the presence of key phototrophy genes. While rhodopsin genes were not detected, multiple isolates possessed key genes of the bacteriochlorophyll synthesis pathway. The majority of these potential aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic strains grouped with Alphaproteobacteria (Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Brevundimonas and Polymorphobacter).     

一株高产苯乳酸的古墓土壤葡糖醋杆菌FBFS97的全基因组测序与分析

【背景】苯乳酸(phenyllactic acid,PLA)是一种应用潜力巨大的天然广谱抑菌物质。本课题组前期分离得到一株高产PLA的醋酸菌(acetic acid bacteria,AAB)——葡糖醋杆菌(Gluconacetobacter sp.)FBFS97,但尚未鉴定到种,而且其产PLA的分子机理尚不清楚。【目的】确定FBFS97的种属关系,解析FBFS97的遗传信息,特别是与PLA产生相关的基因。【方法】采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对FBFS97的菌体形态进行表征,通过16S rRNA基因序列分析对FBFS97进行分类鉴定,并以高效液相色谱分析苯丙氨酸对其产PLA的影响。在此基础上,对FBFS97进行全基因组测序、拼接和基因预测,并进行GO/COG聚类、KEGG代谢通路和VFDB毒力等分析,以及PLA生物合成途径的预测。【结果】根据16S rRNA基因序列的比对结果,结合形态学分析,该菌被鉴定为古墓土壤葡糖醋杆菌(Gluconacetobacter tumulisoli)。将1 000 mg/L苯丙氨酸添加到FBFS97液体培养基中,发酵液中PLA最高浓度可达400 mg/L,为对照组的8倍。该菌的基因组大小为3 988 308 bp,(G+C)mol%含量为66.62%,编码基因3 500个;KEGG代谢通路分析表明,该菌基因组中存在经莽草酸途径合成PLA的所有基因;VFDB毒力预测结果显示,该菌基因组中不存在产生毒素的相关基因。【结论】首次报道了一株高产PLA的AAB——古墓土壤葡糖醋杆菌FBFS97的全基因组序列信息,并发现该菌株的基因组中含有合成PLA的所有相关基因,为后续进一步研究FBFS97产生PLA的生物合成途径提供了理论依据。