菌丝霉素MP1106融合蛋白的复性及纯化方法

旨在建立高效、快捷的菌丝霉素衍生物MP1106大肠杆菌表达系统。通过基因融合的方式构建生物表面活性剂-菌丝霉素衍生物(DAMP_4-MP1106)融合蛋白表达载体,在大肠杆菌中进行表达;并对目的蛋白MP1106进行分离纯化和分子内二硫键鉴定。结果显示,融合蛋白DAMP_4-MP1106在大肠杆菌中以包涵体的形式成功表达,表达产物在变性条件下经Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析纯化;经检测分析,摇瓶中DAMP_4-MP1106的发酵产量为118 mg/L,纯度为94.7%;采用96孔板筛选并建立复性方法,获得水溶性融合蛋白DAMP_4-MP1106;并经TEV蛋白酶酶切以及二次Ni~(2+)-NTA亲和层析纯化,可获得纯度为99%的抗菌肽MP1106 18mg/L,回收率达到了38.4%。通过简捷方法快速鉴定分子内的二硫键,初步证实了抗菌肽MP1106完成了分子内结构正确折叠。建立了高效快捷的菌丝霉素大肠杆菌表达系统。     

结核分枝杆菌膜蛋白的异源表达与纯化研究进展

膜蛋白是一类与生物膜相互作用、具有重要功能和独特结构的蛋白质。异源表达纯化一直是了解膜蛋白结构和功能的重要瓶颈。结核分枝杆菌作为典型的胞内致病菌,其膜蛋白的研究具有很好的代表性以及重要意义。目前用于表达膜蛋白的有大肠杆菌、酵母、哺乳动物细胞等表达系统,但结核菌膜蛋白的表达宿主还往往局限于大肠杆菌。异源表达需要综合考虑蛋白的来源、疏水性、跨膜区等特性。低温、加入共表达因子以及改变培养条件有助于结核菌膜蛋白的可溶性表达。另外,包涵体复性也是获得结核菌目的膜蛋白的重要途径。随着新的表达系统,新的促可溶表达策略,新的包涵体复性手段,新的纯化方法的应用,将有更多的膜蛋白异源表达纯化成功,为蛋白质功能研究奠定基础。     

NPM1突变基因调控K562白血病细胞侵袭表型的相关机制

目的探讨CXCR4、Angs在NPM1突变参与调控的白血病细胞浸润转移中的作用,以期进一步明确NPM1突变在白血病浸润转移中的调控机制。方法通过基因转染构建稳定表达NPM1突变蛋白的K562白血病细胞株（K562-mA）。qRT—PCR检测各组细胞CXCR4、Ang-1／2的mRNA表达水平;Western免疫印迹和流式细胞仪分别检测细胞CXCR4总蛋白和膜蛋白的表达。结果建立了稳定表达NPM突变基因的K562-mA细胞株。与未处理组和空载体转染组相比,K562-mA细胞CXCR4的mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著增高;Ang-1mRNA表达水平明显降低、Ang-2mRNA表达水平明显增高。结论CXCR4、Ang-1／2可能在MPM1突变调控白血病细胞的浸润转移中发挥重要作用。     

表皮生长因子受体干扰序列与白细胞介素24融合蛋白的原核表达

目的：在大肠杆菌中表达表皮生长因子受体干扰序列（EGFRi）与白细胞介素24（IL-24）的融合蛋白。方法：人工合成肿瘤细胞表面受体特异性结合位点EGFRi核苷酸序列,应用重叠延伸PCR技术将其与IL-24基因连接,其间引入一段柔软短肽编码基因;将融合基因克隆入pET-22b原核表达载体,IPTG诱导融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达,对表达条件进行优化;用His·Bind纯化试剂盒对表达产物进行纯化,SDS-PAGE进行鉴定。结果：酶切和测序结果证实EGFRi-IL-24融合基因的原核表达载体构建正确;在IPTG浓度为0.8mol／L、28℃诱导10h的条件下,可溶性融合蛋白表达量最高;表达产物的相对分子质量与预期值一致,为22000;经纯化得到了均一的融合蛋白。结论：获得大肠杆菌表达的融合蛋白EGFRi-IL-2,可用于活性分析。     

人趋化因子受体CXCR4基因的克隆及原核表达

目的:构建人CXCR4原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中进行表达。方法:从健康人外周血单个核细胞提取总RNA,以RT-PCR获得CXCR4基因全长1059bp的完整编码序列,将其克隆入载体pMD-18T中,经限制性内切酶和菌落PCR分析并测序证实的阳性重组子与表达载体pET-28a( )连接并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。结果:12%SDS-PAGE分析表明,在30℃以IPTG诱导获得分子量为43ku的His-CXCR4融合蛋白表达带,诱导4h后此蛋白表达量约为全菌总蛋白的25%。结论:成功获得人CXCR4基因融合蛋白。     

HIV-1跨膜蛋白gp41的截短及表达

将HIV-1跨膜蛋白gp41进行截短,在大肠杆菌中进行表达并纯化。PCR扩增gp41的部分编码基因,回收的PCR产物纯化后克隆到连接载体pGEM-T上,然后用EcoRI和Sal I切下目的基因,并构建到表达载体pGEX-4T3上,导入宿主细胞BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导表达,表达产物用亲和层析进行纯化并作相应鉴定。截短的HIV-1跨膜蛋白gp41能直接在大肠杆菌内进行表达,利用亲和层析能方便地将目的蛋白进行纯化,为跨膜蛋白的进一步应用打下基础。     

四川白鹅CD4基因胞外去信号肽区的可溶性表达及纯化

根据Gen Bank公布的四川白鹅T细胞表面分子CD4基因序列设计特异性引物,扩增其胞外去信号肽区基因,将其构建成原核重组表达质粒go CD4-p ET-32a(+),并在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中进行可溶性表达并纯化,为进一步应用与研究提供基础。通过从成年四川白鹅胸腺组织中提取RNA,经反转录合成c DNA为模板扩增CD4基因胞外去信号肽区,并构建原核表达载体go CD4-p ET-32a(+)。在大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)p Lys S系统中进行原核表达,通过改变表达温度、培养基、诱导剂IPTG浓度、诱导时间以及抗性浓度等条件,最终获得可溶性表达并经NINTA亲和层析获得纯化蛋白。结果显示,鹅CD4胞外区蛋白只有在16℃的TB培养基中目的蛋白his-go CD4可表达,鉴定结果与预期相符,诱导表达成功且多以不可溶的包涵体形式存在。研究发现改变IPTG浓度对表达产物存在形式影响较大,最终筛选出以0.4 m M的IPTG条件作为可溶性表达的最佳诱导浓度。NI-NTA亲和层析获得纯化蛋白并经Western-blot验证。     

迟眼蕈蚊抗菌肽BhSGAMP-1-S在大肠杆菌中的优化表达及其活性分析(英文)

【目的】BhSGAMP-1 是迟眼蕈蚊唾液腺抗菌肽,为了能够更好的了解其分子特性,我们将其表达、纯化并进行了活性测定。【方法】依据大肠杆菌稀有密码子设计并合成了抗菌肽基因 BhSGAMP-1-S,以 pMAL-c2X 作为表达载体在大肠杆菌 TB1 中进行融合表达,融合蛋白通过麦芽糖亲和层析柱进行纯化,获得的融合蛋白经肠激酶切割后,混合物通过分子筛凝胶层析和反相高效液相色谱来获得单体重组抗菌肽 BhSGAMP-1-S,对获得的抗菌肽进行活性测定。【结果】在最优的表达条件下融合蛋白以可溶的形式表达,100 mL 诱导菌液经多步纯化后可得 0. 38 mg 的重组抗菌肽 BhSGAMP-1-S,抑菌活性测定表明所获得的抗菌肽对部分测试革兰氏阳性细菌、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌有较强的抑菌活性。【结论】本研究第一次成功的在大肠杆菌中诱导表达了修饰合成的抗菌肽 BhSGAMP-1-S,纯化后的抗菌肽具有很好的抑菌活性,这为进一步研究和应用奠定了基础。     

耐冷希瓦氏菌外膜蛋白的体外折叠研究

目的:旨在建立耐低温革兰氏阴性菌外膜蛋白体外折叠体系,为膜蛋白合成耐低温机制提供理论基础。方法:以包涵体的形式在大肠杆菌中过量表达了来源于耐低温希瓦氏菌的OmpA同源外膜蛋白Omp74的全蛋白质和N端跨膜结构域,纯化包涵体后,用高浓度尿素或强阴离子表面活性剂溶液溶解包涵体,以非离子表面活性剂为折叠介质,建立该外膜蛋白的体外折叠体系,同时以大肠杆菌的OmpA作为对照进行了比较研究。结果:与OmpA相比,Omp74体外折叠受温度影响较小,低浓度的阴离子表面活性剂能促Omp74的折叠,但对OmpA的折叠没有影响;C端结构域抑制Omp74在表面活性剂中的折叠;Omp74在0.5%的月桂酰基麦芽糖苷(DDM)和0.4%的十二烷基肌氨酸钠的混合溶液中能达到接近100%的折叠效率。     

对虾白斑综合征病毒囊膜蛋白VP53B原核表达及抗血清的制备

【目的】研究对虾白斑综合征病毒(White spot syndrome virus,WSSV)囊膜蛋白sVP53B克隆、表达、纯化及抗血清制备。【方法】根据WSSV囊膜蛋白基因序列,设计引物,PCR扩增出功能序列(Svp53B),构建到pET-16b载体后,转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta 2诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE、Western blotting检测优化表达。表达产物采用Ni-NTA琼脂糖磁珠进行纯化、割胶回收融合蛋白,以纯化的Svp53B-his为抗原,免疫兔子获得多克隆抗体,通过间接ELISA检测抗体的效价。【结果】构建重组质粒pET-16b-Svp53B,在大肠杆菌Rosetta 2中以1 mmol/L IPTG诱导表达量最高,主要以包涵体形式表达。纯化包涵体蛋白免疫兔子,获得多克隆血清,效价达到1:150 000。【结论】原核表达并纯化得到高纯度的WSSV囊膜蛋白sVP53B,制备的兔源多克隆血清亲和力高、特异性好,这对后期进一步研究VP53B与经口侵染相关功能奠定了基础。     

Substituted phenyl as a steroid A-ring mimetic: Providing agonist activity to a class of arylsulfonamide nonsteroidal glucocorticoid ligands

A class of arylsulfonamide glucocorticoid receptor agonists that contains a substituted phenyl group as a steroid A-ring mimetic is reported. The structural design and SAR that provide the functional switching of a GR antagonist to an agonist is described. A combination of specific hydrogen bonding and lipophilic elements on the A-ring moiety is required to achieve potent GR agonist activity. This study culminated in the identification of compound 23 as a potent GR agonist with selectivity over the PR and MR nuclear hormone receptors.     

The ecdysteroid receptor

Summary

The steroid molting hormone of insects and other arthropods regulates gene activity in target tissues through its association with a specific, high affinity receptor protein. In this review we summarize recent advances in several areas of ecdysteroid receptor research, including efforts to characterize and purify the receptor protein, cytochemical studies of its tissue distribution and subcellular localization during development, and current molecular genetic studies ecdysteroid action.     

雄激素和雌激素受体药物筛选方法的研究进展

雄激素和雌激素受体通过与相应激素特异性结合促进细胞分化和组织生长,发挥重要的生理功能,其功能失调可诱发多种疾病。雄激素和雌激素受体的选择性调节剂是治疗相关疾病的重要药物。基于基因组学、分子生物学、细胞生物学和生物信息学等最新研究成果而发展形成的实验技术或方法被用于新型雄激素和雌激素受体调节剂的筛选,显著加快了新药开发的进程。     

Analysis of 3D models of octopus estrogen receptor with estradiol: evidence for steric clashes that prevent estrogen binding

Relatives of the vertebrate estrogen receptor (ER) are found in Aplysia californica, Octopus vulgaris, Thais clavigera, and Marisa cornuarietis. Unlike vertebrate ERs, invertebrate ERs are constitutively active and do not bind estradiol. To investigate the molecular basis of the absence of estrogen binding, we constructed a 3D model of the putative steroid-binding domain on octopus ER. Our 3D model indicates that binding of estradiol to octopus ER is prevented by steric clashes between estradiol and amino acids in the steroid-binding pocket. In this respect, octopus ER resembles vertebrate estrogen-related receptors (ERR), which have a ligand-binding pocket that cannot accommodate estradiol. Like ERR, octopus ER also may have the activation function 2 domain (AF2) in a configuration that can bind to coactivators in the absence of estrogens, which would explain constitutive activity of octopus ER.     

降钙素基因相关肽家族受体及其受体活性修饰蛋白

降钙素基因相关肽家族是一类多功能的激素家族 ,参与人体的多种生物学功能 ,与多种疾病有关。降钙素基因相关肽受体包括降钙素受体 (CTR)和降钙素受体样受体 (CRLR) ,CTR可以独自与降钙素结合 ,而CRLR必须与一组称作受体活性修饰蛋白 (RAMPs)的蛋白质共同作用才能发挥生物学功能。综述CTR的研究概况及CRLR与RAMPs相互作用的机制和表达调控 ,以期为人们设计新型药物提供参考。     

新型抗抑郁药物分子靶标研究进展

抑郁症是一种严重的精神障碍疾病,其发病机制复杂。近年来随着对抑郁症发病机制的深入研究,发现了一些基于非单胺递质的 新型抗抑郁药物分子靶标。综述N -甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体、促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）受体、阿片受体、γ-氨基丁 酸B(GABAB) 受体、乙酰胆碱受体等抗抑郁药物作用的新靶标及其相应分子机制研究进展,为开发高效、安全的抗抑郁症新药提供参考。     

Ago-Allosteric Modulation and Other Types of Allostery in Dimeric 7TM Receptors

Conventionally, an allosteric modulator is neutral in respect of efficacy and binds to a receptor site distant from the orthosteric site of the endogenous agonist. However, recently compounds being ago-allosteric modulators have been described i.e., compounds acting both as agonists on their own and as enhancers for the endogenous agonists in both increasing agonist potency and providing additive efficacy—superagonism. The additive efficacy can also be observed with agonists, which are neutral or even negative modulators of the potency of the endogenous ligand. Based on the prevailing dimeric concept for 7TM receptors, it is proposed that the ago-allosteric modulators bind in the orthosteric binding site, but–importantly–in the “other” or allosteric protomer of the dimer. Hereby, they can act both as additive co-agonists, and through intermolecular cooperative effects between the protomers, they may influence the potency of the endogenous agonist. It is of interest that at least some endogenous agonists can only occupy one protomer of a dimeric 7TM receptor complex at a time and thereby they leave the orthosteric binding site in the allosteric protomer free, potentially for binding of exogenous, allosteric modulators. If the allosteric modulator is an agonist, it is an ago-allosteric modulator; if it is neutral, it is a classical enhancer. Molecular mapping in hetero-dimeric class-C receptors, where the endogenous agonist clearly binds only in one protomer, supports the notion that allosteric modulators can act through binding in the “other” protomer. It is suggested that for the in vivo, clinical setting a positive ago-allosteric modulator should be the preferred agonist drug.     

Proteinase-activated receptors, nucleotide P2Y receptors, and μ-opioid receptor-1B are under the control of the type I transmembrane proteins p23 and p24A in post-Golgi trafficking

We recently characterized the proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-2, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), as the first cargo protein recognized by p24A. Here, we demonstrate that p24A binds to several other GPCRs, including PAR-1, the nucleotide receptors P2Y(1), P2Y(2), P2Y(4), and P2Y(11), as well as the μ-opioid receptor 1B. The acidic amino acid residues Glu and Asp at the second extracellular loop of GPCRs are essential for interaction with p24A. p23, another member of the p24 family, also interacts with GPCRs, similar to p24A. However, p23 shows a delayed dissociation from PAR-2 after activation of PAR-2, compared to the dissociation between PAR-2 and p24A. p24A and p23 arrest both P2Y(4) receptor and μ-opioid receptor 1B at the intracellular compartments, as observed for PAR-2. A comparable result was obtained when we studied primary rat astrocytes in culture. Over-expression of the N-terminal p24A fragment impairs PAR-2 resensitization in astrocytes that extends our findings to a native system. In summary, we demonstrate that p24A and p23 are specific cargo receptors of GPCRs and differentially control GPCR trafficking in the biosynthetic pathway, and thereby, p24A and p23 regulate GPCR signaling in astrocytes.     

The insulin-binding domain of insulin receptor is encoded by exon 2 and exon 3.

Insulin receptors are disulfide-linked oligotetramers composed of two heterodimers each containing a 130-kDa alpha subunit and a 90-kDa beta subunit. Insulin binds to the extracellular alpha subunit, and in the process stimulates the autophosphorylation of the beta subunit and the expression of tyrosine kinase activity. Studies combining the use of photoaffinity labeling and immunoprecipitation with anti-peptide antibody have directly demonstrated that the cysteine-rich domain, encoded by exon 3, in the alpha subunit is part of the insulin-binding site of the receptor. Experiments with chimeric insulin receptors and chimeric insulin-like growth factor I receptors have confirmed that the cysteine-rich domain constitutes a part of the insulin-binding site. In addition, results from these experiments suggest that the N-terminal sequence, encoded by exon 2, in the alpha subunit also participates in insulin binding. In this review it is proposed that, assuming two insulin-binding sites per each holoreceptor oligotetramer, each insulin-binding domain may contain respectively two sub-domains for hydrophobic and charge contact with insulin, and that high-affinity binding would require the interaction of both subunits with the possibility of each subunit reciprocally contributing one of the sub-domains.