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1.
An in vitro method for obtaining gingseng inflorescences directly from explants of gingseng (Panax ginseng) is reported. Isolated shoot-buds of somatic embryo-derived plantlets ginseng were used as explants and incubated in B5 medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 benzyladenine (BA) and 1 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). About 15% of the buds flowered directly without developing vegetative organs. Cytokinin was found to be the key factor for inducing these isolated buds to proliferate and flower, but both these processes also occurred when benzyladenine (BA) was replaced by thidiazuron (TDZ). The optimal concentration of TDZ for obtaining the best ratios of bud proliferation and total flowering was 0.1 mg l−1, while the highest number of vegetative shoots was obtained in medium supplemented with 1 mg l−1 GA3 and 0.1 mg l−1 TDZ. The explant elongated abnormally in the presence of 10 mg l−1 GA3. Although a low concentration (1 mg l−1) of NAA increased the bud proliferation ratio in the medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 TDZ and 1 mg l−1 GA3, a high concentration (5 mg l−1) of NAA reduced the bud proliferation ratio and inhibited the flowering. 相似文献
2.
Morteza Shabannejad Mamaghani Mohammad Hassan Assareh Mansoor Omidi Mohammad Matinizadeh Abbas Ghamari-Zare Shokofeh Shahrzad Massih Forootan 《Plant Growth Regulation》2009,59(3):199-205
The green twigs of 1-year-old Eucalyptus microtheca F. Muell seedlings were cultured on modified MS medium, supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (Kin)
hormones at 12 different concentrations. After 4 weeks, the combination of 1 mg l−1 NAA + 1 mg l−1 Kin induced the highest number of axillary shoots. Meanwhile, embryogenic calli were observed in media containing 4 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1 Kin, without any regeneration. The hormone treatments were followed by subculturing the twigs in different levels of thidiazuron
(TDZ). The combination of 1 mg l−1 NAA + 1 mg l−1 Kin together with 0.01 mg l−1 TDZ resulted in an increase of direct shoot, while higher amounts of TDZ led to adventitious shoot induction. Somatic embryogenesis
was observed in the treatment containing 0.01 mg l−1 TDZ + 4 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1Kin. The peroxidase (POD) band patterns in regenerated plantlets were investigated in order to determine the effect of different
levels of TDZ on loci synthesis. A dimer locus, a tetramer locus and two epigenetic bands (a new band for NAA + Kin and the
other for TDZ) were observed in the POD profiles. In case of low (0.01 mg l−1 and 0.1 mg l−1) levels of TDZ, one heterozygote allele was disappeared from dimer locus, while at higher TDZ levels, the dimer locus lost
its stability and tetramer locus showed a high activity. Thus, POD allele patterns seems to be a feasible marker for different
types of regeneration. 相似文献
3.
A. V. Raghu Kuzhiyumparambil Unnikrishnan S. P. Geetha Gerald Martin Indira Balachandran 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(4):506-515
Embelia ribes, an important vulnerable medicinal liana, was regenerated through organogenesis and embryogenesis using leaf explants. Leaf
explants produced organogenic calluses on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine. Shoot regeneration was obtained from organogenic calluses on MS medium containing different concentrations
of thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The frequency of shoot bud organogenesis was highest (23.9 shoots/explant)
in MS medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.1 mg l−1 IAA. The best result for induction of embryogenic callus was noticed in the combination of 2.0 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-D. This callus, maintained in the same medium, showed the highest differentiation of embryos (56.5%) after 6 wk of culture.
Embryos were transferred to MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of TDZ, and this facilitated conversion of
embryos into plants. After 6 wk of subculture, MS medium with 0.05 mg l−1 TDZ favored the highest percentage (52.2%) embryo conversion. As per the present protocol, 52.2% of the embryos underwent
conversion, and a mean number of 29.5 shoots per culture was obtained. Shoots developed from both types of calluses were rooted
on half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid. HPLC-UV assay demonstrated the highest embelin content (5.33% w/w) in the embryogenic callus cultures. Embelin was isolated from embryogenic callus and was identified using IR and 1H NMR studies. 相似文献
4.
Xueping Shi Xigang Dai Guofeng Liu Junwei Zhang Guogui Ning Manzhu Bao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(2):117-125
An efficient protocol for secondary somatic embryogenesis in camphor tree is reported. Secondary somatic embryos (SSEs), initially
obtained from the primary embryos of a nascent embryogenic culture in 2002, were proliferated and maintained for more than
4 yr via cyclic secondary somatic embryogenesis. Throughout this period, the embryo populations retained a high level of competence
for plant regeneration. SSEs were produced on the surfaces of the cotyledons and radicular ends of maternal somatic embryos
(MSEs). Histological observations of the various stages of secondary embryo development revealed four typical stages, namely,
globular, heart-shaped, torpedo, and cotyledonary. The process of secondary embryogenesis continued in a cyclic way, with
each newly formed embryo producing a subsequent generation of secondary embryos. In order to progress developmentally beyond
proliferation cycles, cotyledonary embryos from one of embryogenic lines (L14) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
with 0.1–3.0 mg l−1 abscisic acid (ABA) or 0.05–1.0 mg l−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) in darkness for 2 mo to achieve maturation. Matured embryos were then transferred to MS-based germination
medium containing either 0.1 mg l−1 TDZ, 0.2 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or 0.1 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.2 mg l−1 IBA and were cultured in light for germination. Over 50% of embryos matured in the presence of 0.5 mg l−1 ABA were able to germinate with shoots and poor root system. Frequencies of embryos germinating normal shoots among different
genotypes did not change significantly. A total of 93% of the shoots from the germinated embryos converted to plantlets on
half strength MS medium with 0.5 mg l−1 IBA by 3 wk. Plantlets acclimatized successfully to ex vitro conditions and developed as field-grown plants with normal appearance. 相似文献
5.
In vitro regeneration and morphogenesis studies in common bean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kingdom Kwapata Robab Sabzikar Mariam B. Sticklen James D. Kelly 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,100(1):97-105
An efficient protocol for high frequency in vitro regeneration of multiple shoots and somatic embryos from the embryonic axis
of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was developed. Ten common bean cultivars representing a wide range of diversity among current commercial market classes
were used for in vitro regeneration evaluation in our study. These cultivars were tested on 63 different media formulations
consisting of combinations of cytokinins, namely benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) at concentration levels of 0.0,
1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg l−1 and auxin, namely naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at concentration levels of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1
and 1.0 mg l−1. P. vulgaris cv. Olathe pinto bean performed the best producing over 20 multiple shoots per explant while cv. Condor black bean was the
poorest with nine multiple shoots per explant. The optimum media for regeneration of multiple shoots was 4.4 mg l−1 Murashige and Skoog (MS) containing 2.5 mg l−1 BA and 0.1 mg l−1 IAA supplemented with 30 mg l−1 silver nitrate. Adventitious shoots and somatic embryos were regenerated on 4.4 mg l−1 MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 TDZ and 0.05 mg l−1 NAA supplemented with 30 mg l−1 silver nitrate or activated charcoal. Efficient and effective rooting of plantlets was achieved by dipping the cut end base
of in vitro regenerated shoots in 1.0 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution and culturing on media containing 4.4 mg l−1 MS supplemented by 0.1 mg l−1 IAA, NAA or IBA. 相似文献
6.
Trifolium alexandrinum L. (Egyptian clover) is one of the most important forage crops in the world. Its regeneration in tissue culture has been
described in a few reports but the efficiency, accurate time scales and applicability to various genotypes of the described
procedures are uncertain. Therefore their suitability for genetic transformation is unclear. In this study, were report new
fast procedures for regeneration of Egyptian clover that are applicable to the regeneration of various genotypes (Mescawi-ahaly,
Sakha3 and Sakha4). Shoots were regenerated from intact and wounded cotyledons as well as hypocotyls of Mescawi-ahaly on naphthaleneacetic
acid/benzyladenine (NAA/BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid/thidiazuron (NAA/TDZ) media. The highest shoot regeneration frequencies
were obtained from intact cotyledons on NAA/BA (0.05 mg l−1 NAA combined with 2.0 mg l−1 BA) and NAA/TDZ (0.05 mg l−1 NAA combined with 1.0 mg l−1 TDZ) media (66.2 and 43.1% respectively) compared to 18.4 and 10.1% for wounded cotyledons on NAA/BA and NAA/TDZ respectively.
21.0% shoot regeneration frequency was observed for hypocotyls on NAA/BA (2.0 mg l−1 NAA combined with 0.5 mg l−1 BA) medium but no regeneration was obtained on NAA/TDZ medium. Rooting of the regenerated shoots was induced on indole butyric
acid (IBA: 0.24 mg l−1) or NAA (2.0 mg l−1) media where IBA medium supported significantly higher frequencies of rooting as well as survival of the whole plantlets
after transfer to soil. However, the rooting and survival frequencies also depended on the type of explant and the medium
used for shoot regeneration. The two cultivars Sakha3 and Sakha4 were regenerated using the culture conditions optimized for
Mescawi-ahaly with comparable efficiencies, indicating that the described procedure is not genotype dependent. The time scale
of whole plantlet regeneration ranged from 7.5 weeks for intact and wounded cotyledons to 10 weeks for hypocotyl explants. 相似文献
7.
Ana Coste Laurian Vlase Adela Halmagyi Constantin Deliu Gheorghe Coldea 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(2):279-288
We investigated the effects of plant growth regulators [6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin (Kin), 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylaminopurine
(2iP), thidiazuron (TDZ) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)], modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 10 mM NH4
+ and 5 mM NO3
− and supplemented with 2iP, BA, Kin and NAA (MSM medium), and two elicitors [jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA)],
on plant growth and accumulation of hypericins (hypericin and pseudohypericin) and hyperforin in shoot cultures of Hypericum hirsutum and H. maculatum. Our data suggested that culture of shoots on MS medium supplemented with BA (0.4 mg l−1) or Kin (0.4 mg l−1) enhanced production of hypericins in H. maculatum and hyperforin in H. hirsutum. Hypericins and hyperforin concentrations decreased in both species when TDZ (0.4 mg l−1) was added to the MS medium. Also, TDZ induced hyperhydric malformations and necrosis of regenerated shoots. Cultivation
of H. maculatum on MSM medium resulted in approximately twofold increased production of hypericins compared to controls, and the growth of
H. hirsutum shoots on the same medium led to a 6.16-fold increase in hyperforin production. Of the two elicitors, SA was more effective
in stimulating the accumulation of hypericins. At 50 μM, SA enhanced the production of hypericin (7.98-fold) and pseudohypericin
(13.58-fold) in H. hirsutum, and, at 200 μM, enhanced the production of hypericin (2.2-fold) and pseudohypericin (3.94-fold) in H. maculatum. 相似文献
8.
Simon C. Deroles John F. Seelye John Javellana Andrew C. Mullan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,102(1):115-119
A reliable in vitro propagation system was developed for the cut flower crop sandersonia (Sandersonia aurantiaca Hook). Explants comprised immature embryos from developing seeds and meristems from sprouting tubers. MS media supplemented
with a range of thidiazuron (TDZ) concentrations lead to the formation of multiple shoot clusters. To overcome the deleterious
effect of long-term exposure to TDZ concentrations, a multistage protocol of 4-weekly cycles was used. This comprised exposure
to a high TDZ (3.0 mg l−1) medium for a single cycle to induce proliferation, followed by one or two cycles of low TDZ (0.3 mg l−1) media to allow for the development of shoot structures, and then a rest phase on growth-regulator free medium for one cycle
prior to the return to a medium with high TDZ. Shoot clusters on growth-regulator free media formed minitubers (10–12 weeks),
which sprouted, either in vitro, or ex vitro, with the resulting plants successfully acclimatised in the greenhouse. 相似文献
9.
Effect of growth rate on the eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid content of Isochrysis galbana in chemostat culture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Molina Grima J. A. Sánchez Pérez F. García Camacho J. M. Fernández Sevilla F. G. Acién Fernández 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1994,41(1):23-27
An isolate of Isochrysis galbana rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been grown as a chemostat culture at 20° C and pH 8.00 controlled by CO2 injection. From a low dilution rate (D) of 0.0024 h–1 to 0.0377 h–1, close to maximum growth, a decrease in EPA content from 5.21% dry weight (d.w.) to 2.80% d.w. was observed, although the percentage of EPA in the total fatty acids increased. Lipids were fractionated, EPA being the major fatty acid found in the glycolipid fraction, whereas in the neutral lipid fraction were mainly palmitic and palmitoleic acids. At the same time, the biomass concentration also decreased from 1015 mg·l–1 to 202 mg·l–1 over the range of Ds mentioned. Nonetheless, EPA productivity had a maximum value of 15.26 mg·l–1·day–1 at D=0.0208 h–1.Correspondence to: E. Molina Grima 相似文献
10.
Tatjana Vujović Đurđina Ružić Radosav Cerović Gordana Šurlan Momirović 《Plant Growth Regulation》2010,61(3):265-275
Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaves of blackberry cultivar Čačanska Bestrna was examined using 30 different combinations
of treatment. Young, fully expanded leaves taken from in vitro proliferating shoots were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS)
medium containing either N
6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (2.0 mg l−1) or thidiazuron (TDZ) (1.0 and 2.0 mg l−1) alone, or either of them combined with indol-3-butyric acid (IBA), α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D) at different concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg l−1). Indirect shoot formation was observed in 12 different treatments, though the efficacy varied greatly among types and concentrations
of plant growth regulators. TDZ at 1.0 mg l−1, applied either alone or combined with IBA, was significantly more effective than BAP in inducing shoot regeneration. The
highest regeneration rate (41.66%) was obtained on medium containing TDZ alone. Cytological, flow cytometry and isozyme analyses
were used for screening of genetic stability/instability in regenerants. Cytological study, based on chromosome counts in
root tip meristems, and flow cytometry analysis indicated that adventitious shoots of Čačanska Bestrna are tetraploid with
2n = 4x = 28 as well as those derived from axillary buds. However, a study conducted on the peroxidase patterns of the different
blackberry regenerating lines showed differences between some lines and control plants (in vivo plants and micropropagated
plants). These differences were visible with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMBZ) as hydrogenous donor for peroxidase detection. 相似文献
11.
The influence of increasing concentrations (0.1, 1.0 and 5.0 mg l−1) of fluoranthene (FLT) on growth, endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level and primary photosynthetic processes in 21-day-old
pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) in vitro was investigated. Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium, with or without FLT, was enriched with indole-3-acetic
acid (IAA; 0.1 mg l−1) or a combination of IAA (0.1 mg l−1) plus N6-benzyladenine (BA; 0.1 mg l−1). The level of endogenous ABA significantly increased with increasing FLT concentrations in the presence of both IAA and
IAA plus BA. An increased level of endogenous ABA was observed in plants treated with IAA alone. The growth of shoot, callus
and the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids), in both IAA- and IAA plus BA-treated plants, were significantly stimulated by FLT at its lowest concentration
(0.1 mg l−1) assayed in this study. However, FLT at higher concentrations (1.0 and 5.0 mg l−1) significantly inhibited all these parameters. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging showed that FLT only at the highest concentration
(5.0 mg l−1) in the presence of IAA (0.1 mg l−1) significantly increased F0, but decreased FV/FM and ΦII. 相似文献
12.
Vladimir Chalupa 《Plant cell reports》1990,9(7):398-401
Embryogenic cultures and somatic embryos were obtained from immature zygotic embryos of oak (Quercus robur L.) cultured on a modified MS medium and WPM containing BAP (1 mg·l–1) and GA3 (1 mg·l–1) or BAP and IBA. Germination and conversion of oak somatic embryos into plantlets was achieved on WPM containing a reduced concentration of cytokinin. Linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) somatic embryos developed in embryogenic tissues initiated from immature zygotic embryos cultured on a modified MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0.3-2.0 mg·l–1). Germination of linden somatic embryos and plantlet formation occurred on MS medium containing a low concentration of IBA. Oak and linden plantlets produced from somatic embryos were successfully established in soil. Somatic embryos and plantlets were also regenerated from embryogenic cultures of Quercus petraea and Tilia platyphyllos.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzyIaminopurine
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962)
- WPM
woody plant medium 相似文献
13.
Acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse for lactic acid production 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Pattana Laopaiboon Arthit Thani Vichean Leelavatcharamas Lakkana Laopaiboon 《Bioresource technology》2010,101(3):1036-1043
In order to use sugarcane bagasse as a substrate for lactic acid production, optimum conditions for acid hydrolysis of the bagasse were investigated. After lignin extraction, the conditions were varied in terms of hydrochloric (HCl) or sulfuric (H2SO4) concentration (0.5–5%, v/v), reaction time (1–5 h) and incubation temperature (90–120 °C). The maximum catalytic efficiency (E) was 10.85 under the conditions of 0.5% of HCl at 100 °C for 5 h, which the main components (in g l−1) in the hydrolysate were glucose, 1.50; xylose, 22.59; arabinose, 1.29; acetic acid, 0.15 and furfural, 1.19. To increase yield of lactic acid production from the hydrolysate by Lactococcus lactis IO-1, the hydrolysate was detoxified through amberlite and supplemented with 7 g l−1 of xylose and 7 g l−1 of yeast extract. The main products (in g l−1) of the fermentation were lactic acid, 10.85; acetic acid, 7.87; formic acid, 6.04 and ethanol, 5.24. 相似文献
14.
Morinda citrifolia adventitious roots were cultured in shake flasks using Murashige and Skoog medium with different types and concentrations
of auxin and cytokinin. Root (fresh weight and dry weight) accumulation was enhanced at 5 mg l−1 indole butyric acid (IBA) and at 7 and 9 mg l−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). On the other hand, 9 mg l−1 NAA decreased the anthraquinone, phenolic and flavonoid contents more severely than 9 mg l−1 IBA. When adventitious roots were treated with kinetin (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg l−1) and thidiazuron (TDZ; 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 mg l−1) in combination with 5 mg l−1 IBA, fresh weight and dry weight decreased but secondary metabolite content increased. The secondary metabolite content (including
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl activity) increased more in TDZ-treated than in kinetin-treated roots. Antioxidative enzymes
such as catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), which play important roles in plant defense, also increased. A strong
decrease in ascorbate peroxidase activity resulted in a high accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. This indicates that adventitious
roots can grow under stress conditions with induced CAT and G-POD activities and higher accumulations of secondary metabolites.
These results suggest that 5 mg l−1 IBA supplementation is useful for growth and secondary metabolite production in adventitious roots of M. citrifolia. 相似文献
15.
Weimei Jiang Luxi Chen Qi Pan Yingxiong Qiu Yingying Shen Chengxin Fu 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2012,34(2):631-639
Dysosma versipellis (Hance) M. Cheng is an endangered plant due to overharvesting for the extraction of podophyllotoxin. Thus, the in vitro technique
is valuable for the propagation of this species. When the explants of rhizome buds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s
(MS) medium with 6-benzyladenine (BA) (1.0 mg l−1), gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.5 mg l−1) and zeatin (Zea) (0.5 mg l−1), multiple buds were regenerated directly on the explants without callusing within 6 weeks. Callus was induced from the leaf
segment cultures on MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.5 mg l−1) and BA (0.2 mg l−1) within 4 weeks. The adventitious buds were differentiated when the calli were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with
BA (1.0 mg l−1) and thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.2 mg l−1) within 6 weeks. The adventitious buds obtained from callus and the rhizome-buds rooted with a frequency of 100% on half
strength MS medium fortified with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 0.5 mg l−1 and activated charcoal (AC) 0.5 g l−1 for 4 weeks. The rooted shoots were successfully transplanted from a mixture of vermiculite:soil (1:1 v/v) to the field with
a survival rate of 85%. Podophyllotoxin production in calli, cultured rhizomes, rhizomes of transplanting plants from the
garden and rhizomes in the wild field was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Our results
suggest that calli, cultured rhizomes and rhizomes of transplanting plants would be the potential sources of podophyllotoxin. 相似文献
16.
Subbanarashimhan Balasubramanya Lingaiah Rajanna Maniyam Anuradha 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2012,48(2):208-215
Plectranthus barbatus (syn. Coleus forskohlii) is the only known source of forskolin, a compound with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Here, an efficient protocol
for adventitious root regeneration from leaf explants of P. barbatus was developed. Different concentrations of plant growth regulators individually and in combination were used to induce roots
in vitro. Morphogenic responses and forskolin production varied depending on the concentrations of plant growth regulators added to
the medium. Lower concentrations of auxins trigger callus proliferation while higher concentrations induced adventitious root
regeneration. Of all the auxins, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 2 (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)
propionic acid (2,4,5-TP), and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) induced callus, whereas α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA), indole-3-acetic acid, and indole-3-butyric acid induced rhizogenesis. Use of picloram at 1.0 and 0.5 mg l−1 resulted in the formation of friable callus, and when combined with 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylamino purine (BA), rhizogenic callus was produced. The cytokinins BA and kinetin produced a mixed response of multiple
shoot regeneration, callus proliferation, and rhizogenesis. The maximum forskolin content of 1,178 mg kg−1 dry weight was found in root cultures initiated on Gamborg’s B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 NAA. The biosynthesis of forskolin was differentiation dependent, and rhizogenic cultures exhibited the maximum biosynthetic
potential for forskolin. 相似文献
17.
Soha E. Mostafa Nabila S. Karam Rida A. Shibli Feras Q. Alali 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,103(1):111-121
A protocol for micropropagation of Arbutus andrachne from seeds was developed. Results indicated that none of the seeds cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, with or without
plant growth regulators (PGRs), germinated. Seeds soaked in 250 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) at 4°C for 3 days, then cultured on water-agar medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 GA3 exhibited 80–100% germination and developed into usable seedlings. Shoot proliferation was tested on MS or B5 medium containing
different concentrations of cytokinin. No shoot proliferation was observed on PGR-free medium. Proliferation was more successful
on MS than on B5 medium. On both media, the most successful proliferation was obtained using zeatin as a cytokinin type. Rooting
was tested on MS medium containing different concentrations of auxin. Rooting failed on PGR-free medium and on medium containing
indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0.25 or 0.5 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or 0.25, 0.5 or 2.0 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Rooting (40%) was most successful with 1.0 mg l−1 NAA. Rooted plantlets exhibited 80% survival in all mixtures of peatmoss and perlite, and acclimatized plants were successfully
grown in the greenhouse. Quantitative analysis of arbutin performed on in vivo and in vitro leaves using high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that in vivo leaves contained higher arbutin content (0.3–0.81% w/w) than in vitro leaves
(0.09% w/w). The highest yield of arbutin in vivo was detected in leaves collected in August, and the lowest yield in leaves
collected in December. 相似文献
18.
Daniel O. Caldiz 《Plant Growth Regulation》1996,20(3):185-188
The purpose of these experiments is to determine the effects of foliar applications of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA) on tuber number production of seed potatoes. In field experiments conducted during 1989/90 cv. Mailén was used and BAP, 50 mg·l–1 was foliarly applied at (1) tuber initiation, 36 days after emergence (DAE); (2) 54 DAE; and, (3) 64 DAE. Under glasshouse conditions, in 1991/92 cv. Spunta was used and BAP 50 mg·l–1+GA 50 mg·l–1 were applied 30 and 37 days after planting/transplanting. In 1992 cv. Huinkul, Kennebec and Spunta were used and BAP 50 mg·l–1+GA 50 mg·l–1 and Biozyme (Techic SA), a commercial product with auxin (IAA, 32.2 mg·l–1), gibberellic acid (GA3, 32.2 mg·l–1) and cytokinins (zeatin, 83.2 mg·l–1) at 5 ml·l–1 were applied. In cv. Mailén, a higher tuber number in the seed fraction (<80 g) was found when BAP was applied at each of the three crop stages, while applications 54 and 62 DAE also increased tuber number in the 80–400 g fraction. As a result of BAP applications, tuber yield was also significantly increased. In the glasshouse experiments, cv. Spunta showed a significant increase in minituber production in 3 out of 4 cases, either if the mother plant came from in vitro generated plantlets or minitubers, or if GA + BAP or Biozyme was applied. It can be concluded that the use of these PGRs under both field and glasshouse conditions in cvs. Mailén and Spunta can result in increased tuber number in the seed fraction. 相似文献
19.
Joshua Otieno Ogweno Wen Hai Hu Xing Shun Song Kai Shi Wei Hua Mao Yan Hong Zhou Jing Quan Yu 《Plant Growth Regulation》2010,60(3):175-182
Detached leaves of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) experienced photoinhibition associated with sharp reductions in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), quantum efficiency of
PSII (ΦPSII) and photochemical quenching (qP) even though they were exposed to mild light intensity (400 μmol m−2 s−1 PPFD) at 28°C. Photoinhibition and the reduction in Pn, ΦPSII and qP, however, were significantly alleviated by 1 mg l−1 ABA, 0.1 mg l−1
N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) and 0.01 mg l−1 24-epibrassinolide (EBR). Higher concentrations, however, reduced the effects or even exacerbated the occurrence of photoinhibition.
Superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity in leaves increased with the increases in ABA concentration within
1–100 mg l−1, CPPU concentration within 0.1–10 mg l−1 and EBR concentration within 0.01–1.0 mg l−1. Catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activity also increased with the increase in EBR concentration but CPPU and ABA treatments
at higher concentrations caused a decrease. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased with the increase in CPPU concentration.
ABA and EBR, however, decreased MDA concentration only at 1 and 0.01 mg l−1, respectively. In conclusion, detached leaves had increased sensitivity to PSII photoinhibition. Photoinhibition-induced
decrease in photosynthesis, however, was significantly alleviated by EBR, CPPU and ABA at a proper concentration. 相似文献
20.
Dioscorea fordii Prain et Burk., a member of the family Dioscoreaceae, is an important tuberous food in China owing to its edible and medicinal
functions. However, the lack of healthy planting material has restricted its production. The present study was an attempt
to develop a protocol for in vitro propagation of D. fordii. In an initial two by two (22) factorial experiment, the effects of culture system and activated charcoal have been observed for axillary shoot proliferation
and tuberization of in vitro plantlets. Shoot length, frequency of proliferation, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots, frequency
of tuberization and mean number of tubers per plantlet (NTPs) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in liquid medium compared to semi-solid media. Secondly, an orthogonal experimental design [L9 (34)] was used to investigate the effects of the ratio of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) to 6-benzyladenine (BA) (NAA/BA), paclobutrazol,
methyl jasmonate and sucrose concentration on tuberization. Sucrose concentration had the record effect on frequency of tuberization,
NTPs and frequency of proliferation. The preferred medium for axillary shoot proliferation and tuberization of D. fordii found to be MS basal medium (Murashige and Skoog in Physiol Plant 15:473–479, 1962) supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 BA, 0.1 mg l−1 NAA, 30 g l−1 sucrose and 1.5 g l−1 AC in liquid culture. 相似文献