美托洛尔舌下含服治疗老年急症高血压(24例临床报告)

本文旨在评估舌下含服美托洛尔对老年高血压急症的降压效果。方法：２４例老年急症高血压患者,于舌下含服美托洛尔５０ｍｇ前及含服后５、１０、３０、６０及１２０分钟,动态监测血压及心率,并比较用药前及用药后各时间段降压效果。结果：（１）治疗前、治疗后５、１０分钟,均有非常显著差异（Ｐ＜００１,Ｐ＜００５）,１０分钟血压降至安全水平,３０分钟完全降至正常,且降压效应持续至２小时。（２）无明显副作用。结论：舌下含服美托洛尔对老年急症高血压患者,是一种速效,稳效,无明显副作用,且方法简便的急症降压方法。     

福尔马林致痛后大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质甲啡肽及脊髓背角P物质含量的变化

本文用免疫组化方法结合计算机图像处理技术观察大鼠后脚掌皮下注射福尔马林后脊髓背角Ｐ物质免疫阳性反应（ＳＰＬＩ）变化的节段性分布及中脑导水管周围灰质（ＰＡＧ）内甲啡肽样免疫阳性反应（ＭＥＬＩ）的变化。结果显示,注射福尔马林后,脊髓腰段（Ｌ１－２,Ｌ４－５）背角ＳＰＬＩ显著增强（Ｐ＜．０５）,３０ｍｉｎ组与６０ｍｉｎ组相比较无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）;胸脊髓（Ｔ８）无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）;颈脊髓背角ＳＰＬＩ有增强趋势（０．０５＜Ｐ＜０．１）;ＰＡＧ中ＭＥＬＩ减弱,腹外侧部３０ｍｉｎ组比６０ｍｉｎ组变化更大（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＰＡＧ中ＭＥＬＩ与脊髓背角ＳＰＬＩ变化的时相关系提示福尔马林致痛引起的脊髓背角Ｐ物质的增多可能与ＰＡＧ中甲啡肽及阿片受体活动有关。     

电刺激膈神经中枢端对家兔动脉血压和血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ…

电刺激家兔膈神经中枢端（ＳＣＰＮ）可引起动脉血压下降,此降压反应不能被剪断双侧颈迷走神经或静脉注射阿托品１ｍｇ／ｋｇ所阻断;但可以被静脉注射酚妥拉明２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ或静脉注射心得安１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ部分阻断。去除缓冲神经后,其降压反应更明显。降压反应后１ｍｉｎ血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平降低（Ｐ＜０．００５）,肾神经传出放电（ＲＮＤ）减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）,上述结果表明,膈神经的感觉纤维参与血压调节。     

美托洛尔舌下含服治疗老年急症高血压

本文旨在评估舌下含服美托洛尔对老年高血压急症的降压效果。方法;２４例老年急症高血压患者,于舌下含服美托洛５０ｍｄ前及含服后５,１０,３０,６０及钟２０分钟,动态监测血压及心率,并比较用药前及用药后各时间降压效果。     

新克痛宁术后镇痛效果观察

目的了解眼镜蛇毒制剂新克痛宁对术后镇痛效果。方法对７２例胫腓骨折病人,在连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉下行切开复位内固定术,术后随机分为４组（每组１８例）向硬膜外腔注药：Ａ组新克痛宁０．２５ＩＵ／ｋｇ;Ｂ组新克痛宁０．１２５ＩＵ／ｋｇ加０．５％利多卡因液１０ｍｌ;Ｃ组吗啡２ｍｇ;Ｄ组吗啡１ｍｇ加０．５％利多卡因液１０ｍｌ。结果镇痛持续时间Ａ、Ｂ组明显延长,Ａ与Ｂ组分别为（４１２±２８）ｍｉｎ,与Ｃ、Ｄ组比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。注药后３０～１２０ｍｉｎ,患肢足背皮肤温度,Ａ、Ｂ组亦高于Ｃ、Ｄ组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且无不良反应。结论新克痛宁术后镇痛效果比吗啡好。     

热性发热兔血浆脂多糖（LPS）浓度与生理反应的变化

在干球温度４２℃、湿球温度３５℃、相对湿度６０％条件下,测定了２４只热暴露兔［分为肛温维持４３℃（Ⅰ）组和肛温持续上升（Ⅱ）组］的心率、平均动脉压、呼吸频率、肛温及血浆ＬＰＳ浓度等指标。结果显示：（１）Ⅰ、Ⅱ组当Ｔｒ升达４３℃,热暴露时间分别为１００ｍｉｎ、６０ｍｉｎ时,血浆ＬＰＳ浓度分别为０．１９５ｎｇ／ｍｌ、０．１８０ｎｇ／ｍｌ,与实验前比,Ｐ＜０．０５。两组临死前,热暴露时间分别为２２０ｍｉｎ、１２０ｍｉｎ（Ⅱ组Ｔｒ４４．１５℃）时,其血浆ＬＰＳ浓度分别为０．２８５ｎｇ／ｍｌ、０．２４９ｎｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ＜０．０１;（２）Ｔｒ４３℃和临死前两阶段ＬＰＳ的上升速率,Ⅰ组分别为０．０００６６ｎｇ／ｍｉｎ和０．０００６７ｎｇ／ｍｉｎ,Ⅱ组分别为０．０００８３ｎｇ／ｍｉｎ和０．００１１３ｎｇ／ｍｉｎ;（３）动物受热过程,Ｔｒ升至４３℃时,ＨＲ和ＭＡＰ达峰值水平,而呼吸频率则开始下降。本文结果提示,ＬＰＳ在中暑的病理生理学过程中可能是一个值得重视的因素     

胎羊缺氧模型的血流动力学改变

目的和方法：健康妊娠绵羊７只,体重２０～３０ｋｇ。于妊娠１１６～１２５ｄ行胎儿外科手术。经胎儿股动脉插管引出腹主动脉血压,放置脐动脉电磁流量计探头记录血流信号。术后恢复１ｈ。从胎儿动脉导管注入明胶微球悬浮液（≈５０μｍ）造成胎盘微血管阻塞,每隔１５～２０ｍｉｎ注射一次,构成胎儿缺氧动物模型。采集胎儿动脉血样。分析ｐＨ、ＰａＣＯ２和ＰａＯ２值。分析脐动脉输入阻抗。结果：１、外周阻力Ｒ与血管阻塞程度呈指数关系（ｒ＝０．９７,Ｐ＜０．００１）,但脐动脉特征阻抗基本不变;２、胎儿动脉血氧分压随血管阻塞程度增加而下降（ｒ＝０．８７,Ｐ＜０．００１）;ｐＨ值随血管阻塞程度的增加而减小（ｒ＝０．８５,Ｐ＜０．０１）;二氧化碳分压随血管阻塞程度增加而上升（ｒ＝０．７１,Ｐ＜０．０５）;３、脐动脉血流量与外周阻力呈幂函数关系（ｒ＝０．９９,Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：本工作为研究胎儿窘迫的病理生理机制提供了成功的动物模型     

肾动脉内注射内皮素—1对麻醉大鼠肾神经传入放电的影响

本实验旨在观察肾动脉内注射ＥＴ－１对麻醉大鼠血压（ＢＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）和肾神经传入放电（ＡＲＮＡ）的影响,以及ＥＴＡ受体阻断剂ＢＱ－１２３和硝苯吡啶（Ｎｉｆ）对ＥＴ生物学效应的拮抗作用。结果如下：（１）肾动脉注射ＥＴ－１（１μｇ／ｋｇ）后,平均动脉压（ＭＡＰ）先有短暂的降低（由１３．７７±０．１３ｋＰａ降至１０．２±１．１２ｋＰａ）,随后为较显著的持久增高,增值达３．４４±１．６０ｋＰａＰ＜０．００１）,ＨＲ无明显变化,ＡＲＮＡ增加１０８．３３±１６．６７％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。（２）肾动脉内注射ＥＴＡ受体选择性拮抗剂ＢＱ－１２３（１５０μｇ／ｋｇ）,ＥＴ－１的上述效应即被拮抗。与ＥＴ组相比差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。（３）肾动脉内注射二氢吡啶敏感性Ｌ－型钙通道阻断剂Ｎｉｆ（０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,也可明显抑制ＥＴ－１的上述效应,与ＥＴ组相比差异十分显著（Ｐ＜０．００１）。以上结果表明：肾动脉内注射ＥＴ－１引起的麻醉大鼠ＭＡＰ增高和ＡＲＮＡ积分增加的作用,可能是由ＥＴＡ受体介导的,其作用的细胞机制可能在于胞内钙超载     

高原鼠兔季节性繁殖中的神经内分泌调控Ⅰ.在性休止期不同光制的影响

本文研究了处于性休止期的雄性高原鼠兔在不同光周期饲养后体重和性腺重量的变化,同时 对其血浆睾酮水平和松果腺褪黑激素含量的变化进行分析：１）无论在长日照、自然光照、或是短 日照条件,高原鼠兔的体重无明显差异（Ｐ＞０. ０５）;２）长日照组鼠兔的睾丸、附睾、输精管和精 囊腺远重于自然光照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）和短日照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）;３）长日照组鼠兔血浆睾酮的含量 明显高于自然光照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）和短日照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）;４）长日照组鼠兔松果腺褪黑激素含 量远低于自然光照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）和短日照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结果表明：高原鼠兔是长日照动物。     

电刺激膈神经中枢端对家兔动脉血压和血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ及肾神经传出放电的影响

电刺激家兔膈神经中枢端（ＳＣＰＮ）可引起动脉血压下降,此降压反应不能被剪断双侧颈迷走神经或静脉注射阿托品１ｍｇ／ｋｇ所阻断;但可以被静脉注射酚妥拉明２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ或静脉注射心得安１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ部分阻断。去除缓冲神经后,其降压反应更明显。降压反应后ｌｍｉｎ血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,肾神经传出放电（ＲＮＤ）减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）,上述结果表明,膈神经的感觉纤维参与血压调节。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.