湘西产野葛不同部位中总黄酮及葛根素的含量测定

本文采用UV、TLC法对野葛不同部位总黄酮及葛根素的含量进行了测定,结果野葛块根比茎叶中黄酮和葛根素含量都高,其黄酮含量为4.12%,是叶的4.24倍;葛根素含量为2.43%,是叶的243倍。     

银杏叶不同生长期总黄酮的含量测定(简报)

木文研究了银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)不同生长期叶的总黄酮含量,研究结果表明,秋季叶含黄酮量较高,结果株叶总黄酮含量比不结果株高。     

新疆两种花楸不同部位总黄酮的提取及其含量比较

天山花楸和西伯利亚花楸是新疆常见的两种蔷薇科花楸属植物,通过对它们不同部位的总黄酮的提取和定性,我们发现这两种花楸均含有黄酮类化合物.黄酮含量测定结果表明,西伯利亚花楸果实中的黄酮含量比天山花楸果实中的黄酮含量高,而西伯利亚花楸的枝和叶中的黄酮含量要比天山花楸低.     

胡桃楸活性成分时空动态及抗肿瘤活性初步研究

采用超声波辅助提取方法,以胡桃楸为原料,在单因素实验的基础上研究一年内不同月份胡桃楸不同部位总黄酮、总酚的含量变化,同时对胡桃楸提取物体外抗肿瘤活性进行初步评价。结果显示,乙醇浓度60%,超声时间40 min,料液比1：20,提取温度30℃为最佳提取参数。在此条件下,不同采摘时期胡桃楸不同部位的总黄酮、总酚含量存在显著差异。5~7月份叶和小枝的总黄酮及总酚含量明显高于8~10月份,其中7月份叶的总黄酮总酚含量最高,分别为12.56±0.33和76.98±3.73 mg·g^-1,然而茎皮总黄酮、总酚含量随月份增加呈持续下降趋势。体外抗肿瘤研究表明胡桃楸叶提取物对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和人口腔表皮样癌细胞KB的增殖抑制作用,其中7月份胡桃楸叶提取物对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖抑制作用更明显,其IC₅₀值为0.24 mg·mL^-1。本研究为胡桃楸资源的合理开发及利用提供一定的理论基础。     

厚朴叶营养成分随不同采收期的变化分析

测定不同月份厚朴叶营养成分,了解厚朴叶营养成分含量变化趋势,为厚朴叶作为饲料添加剂或饲料提供可行性依据。采用一系列常规方法测定厚朴叶中营养成分、矿质元素和氨基酸的含量。结果表明厚朴叶水分含量为41.6%~82.5%,粗纤维为20.5%~24.1%,粗脂肪为3.9%~5.9%,维生素C为22.8~91.0μg/g,还原糖为7.5%~14.0%,可溶性糖为22.1~61.9 mg/g,蛋白质为0.2%~6.4%。分析发现厚朴叶含有Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn等矿质元素,共检测出17种氨基酸。所有营养成分指标在不同月份间大多具有显著性差异。厚朴叶粗纤维含量高可作为牛羊等反刍动物饲料,也可根据动物的营养需求作为饲料添加剂。与其它月份比较而言,9月份生长的厚朴叶各项营养成分指标相对较好。     

银杏叶黄酮提取方法比较

比较不同溶剂提取银杏（ＧｉｎｋｇｏｂｉｌｏｂａＬ．）叶黄酮类化合物的提取效率,从成本效益角度考虑,以７０％乙醇作为提取溶剂更为有利。在分级沉淀中,黄酮含量与蛋白质含量呈正相关,在乙醇提取液中黄酮和蛋白质含量最高;蛋白质的存在有助于提高黄酮的溶解度。乙醇提取液用饱和（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４浓缩两次,可使醇相中的黄酮沉淀析出。根据试验结果,提出了银杏叶黄酮的优化提取方法。     

不同季节新疆圆柏总黄酮含量的变化

目的:确定乌鲁木齐南山地区新疆圆柏总黄酮含量最高的时期及其季节变化。方法:采用溶剂法萃取不同季节新疆圆柏叶、果实与枝干的总黄酮,以芦丁作为标准品,用比色法进行含量测定。结果:新疆圆柏的果实中黄酮含量最高,为0.62%～1.13%,以10月份的含量最高;叶中黄酮含量变化为0.28%～0.83%,4月份最高;枝干中的黄酮含量最少,变化不明显。结论:新疆圆柏黄酮含量的季节变化与其生长习性及乌鲁木齐南山气候有关。     

不同生长季节及生长年限银杏叶总黄酮甙含量的相关性研究

了银杏叶总黄酮工厂民不同生长季节及生长年限的相关性,结果表明,叶中总黄酮甙含量在８月份最高,幼苗叶的含量明显高于老树。     

濒危植物夏蜡梅黄酮化合物薄层色谱分析

采用薄层层析法对不同居群夏蜡梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis)叶、同一居群夏蜡梅不同营养器官中的黄酮化合物进行分离,并以芦丁为标准品通过双波长锯齿扫描作定量分析。结果表明:不同居群夏蜡梅叶片中黄酮化合物含量以鸡窝坪居群最高,中坪居群次之,龙塘山居群最低,除双石边和白水坞两个居群差异不显著外,其它各居群间差异均达到显著水平;同一居群夏蜡梅黄酮化合物在不同营养器官中含量不同,叶片中含量显著高于其它营养器官,根、茎、一年生枝和二年生枝等4个营养器官中黄酮化合物含量差异不显著。薄层层析法分离黄酮化合物组分结果显示,除大明山居群叶片黄酮化合物为5种组分外,其它居群叶片均为7种组分;大明山居群夏蜡梅的根、茎、一年生枝和二年生枝等营养器官黄酮化合物均为6种组分,叶片中缺少Rf值为0.66的化合物。     

天山雪莲不同器官中黄酮、总酚含量和抗氧化活性分析

研究了天山雪莲不同部位的总黄酮、总酚含量及抗氧化活性。以天山雪莲根、茎、叶、花、花苞片为材料,测定其80%乙醇提取物的总黄酮含量、总酚含量、Fe3+还原力和对DPPH自由基的清除率。结果表明,天山雪莲中总黄酮和总酚的含量高低依次为叶花苞片≈花根茎;对Fe3+还原能力大小次序是叶花苞片花根茎;对DPPH的清除能力依次为叶≈花苞片花根茎。实验结果表明叶片可以作为天山雪莲采摘和药用的主要部位;天山雪莲花苞片中可能含有黄酮和酚类之外的抗氧化物质。     

穗醛栗叶片中黄酮类物质的研究

本试验以小浆果类果树穗醋栗（黑、红、白）的叶片为试材,利用分光光度法。测定了三种穗醋栗叶（鲜样、干样）中总黄酮的含量及不同提取次数下总黄酮的浸提率,确定了最佳提取次数。结果表明：白穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量最高,鲜样785．10mg/100g,干样189.01mg/100g;红穗醋栗叶片次之,鲜样393.22mg／100g,干样1597.73mg／100g;黑穗醋栗叶片中总黄酮含量相对较少,鲜样151.59mg/100g,干样265.03mg/100g。三种穗醋栗叶片浸提三次,总黄酮的浸提率可达到97％以上。此外,利用定性试验（颜色反应）并和标准品芦丁的试验做比较,初步确定三种穗醋栗叶片所含的黄酮类化合物主要是黄酮和黄酮醇两类。     

不同居群不同部位头花蓼总黄酮含量研究

以原产贵州、四川的10个头花蓼收集系为材料,采用紫外分光光度法,研究了各头花蓼收集系植株不同部位总黄酮含量的变异,以便找出总黄酮含量较高的头花蓼收集系及其头花蓼植株上总黄酮含量较高的部位,为头花蓼药业提供指导。结果表明,不同部位头花蓼总黄酮含量差异很大,其含量大小依次为老茎>花>嫩叶>老叶>嫩茎。头花蓼老茎、花中总黄酮含量在不同居群间差异显著,其它部位差异不显著。四川都江堰居群老茎总黄酮含量最高,达2.761%,显著高于其它收集系。     

Effect of water stress on some oxidative enzymes and senescence in Vigna seedlings

Seedlings of Vigna catjang Endl. were subjected to water stress for 6, S and 10 days by withholding water to investigate the activities of some oxidative enzymes and the pattern of senescence in leaves of 17-day-old seedlings undergoing water stress. Increasing duration of stress produced a proportional increase in the activities of IAA-oxidase, AA-oxidase, peroxidase and glycolate oxidase but decreased catalase activity and the contents of both chlorophyll and protein, hastening senescence. Leaf water potential and relative water content were also lowered with incresing duration of stress. Permeability was increased in leaf tissue undergoing water stress for 8 days. Seed treatment with CaCl₂ (10⁻² and 10⁻¹⁴ M ) for 6 h improved the water status of leaves, decreased tissue permeability, activities of oxidative enzymes, decline of chlorophyll and protein contents and delayed senescence compared to untreated water stressed plants.     

毛竹受害后化学物质含量的变化及其对刚竹毒蛾种群参数的影响

研究了毛竹受刚竹毒蛾危害后,竹叶主要次生物质和营养物质的变化及其对刚竹毒蛾种群参数的影响。结果表明:毛竹受刚竹毒蛾危害后,竹叶中单宁和黄酮的含量显著增加,而总糖、可溶性糖和蛋白质的含量显著下降;刚竹毒蛾幼虫取食被害竹叶后,表现出发育历期延长、体重减轻、生殖力下降等现象。     

Tissue specific variation of C-glycosylflavone patterns in oat leaves as influenced by the environment

A comparison is made between the flavone patterns accumulating in epidermal tissues and in the mesophyll of oat primary leaves grown in a phytotron and under field conditions. In developing leaves cultivated under standard conditions, varying patterns of two vitexin-derived O-rhamnosides and of one isovitexin O-arabinoside are produced in the basal region as the result of basal meristem activity. These patterns are tissue specific and differ quantitatively in the epidermis and the mesophyll. During the course of subsequent growth and differentiation, this pattern is constant as the compounds are moved upwards due to basipetal leaf growth. In comparison, the flavone patterns generated in the basal section of leaves grown in the field do not vary significantly. There is the additional accumulation of isoorientin O-arabinoside. Again flavone patterns are tissue specific, but in contrast to standard growth they are modified characteristically in those leaf tissues which are already morphologically differentiated. It is possible that the isovitexin moiety of the O-arabinoside is oxidized to the corresponding isoorientin derivative in the mesophyll. Moreover, field-grown leaves show a two-fold increase in flavone content in each leaf epidermis and a six-fold increase in the mesophyll when compared to the corresponding tissues of phytotron-grown leaves.     

千层塔植物茎叶中黄酮类物质的研究

本实验利用分光光度法对千层塔植物茎叶内的黄酮类物质进行了初步测定 ,确定了总黄酮含量提取的适宜溶剂浓度和提取的适宜时间。结果表明 ,用 6 0 %的甲醇溶剂提取 6h总黄酮含量最高。此外 ,本试验还对千层塔黄酮提取液进行了各种定性颜色反应 ,初步确定其中的黄酮类物质主要为黄酮类和黄酮醇类。     

水分胁迫和复水对石灰岩地区柏木幼苗根系生长的影响

利用适生植物自身的抗旱能力来进行石灰岩地区植被的恢复和重建是石灰岩生态研究中的重要问题.为了解石灰岩山地适生物种柏木对水分胁迫的适应机制,以柏木实生苗为材料,通过盆栽水分受控实验,研究了其根系生长特性及复水后的修复能力.结果表明:在水分胁迫程度不大、历时不长的情况下,水分胁迫有诱导根系下扎的趋势,复水后,根长在原有的基础上进一步伸长.随着胁迫的加剧和胁迫时间的延长,柏木幼苗的根长、根平均直径、根表面积和根体积等根系大小参数均呈降低趋势,以采取小根系来增强竞争力.复水后,除重度干旱外,其余处理组根系大小参数都能恢复到对照水平,补偿作用与胁迫程度有关.一定程度的水分胁迫对柏木幼苗的茎叶生长没有产生影响,而对根的抑制作用明显,根冠比降低,但胁迫程度加剧和历时延长后,柏木幼苗的根冠比有增大的趋势.柏木幼苗在水分胁迫较轻时把较多的碳水化合物分配到茎叶中,而胁迫严重时把较多的碳水化合物分配到根部.复水促进根、冠干物质的积累,但不同的胁迫程度和胁迫时间促进作用不同.     

Changes in citrus leaf flavonoid concentrations resulting from blight-induced zinc-deficiency

Increased flavonoid concentrations were found to correlate with the elevated levels of leaf phenolic compounds occurring in blight-induced zinc-deficient citrus. In orange (Citrus sinensis L.) leaves, the increases occurred primarily in hesperidin and diosmin, whereas in grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) the largest increases occurred in naringin and rhoifolin. Zinc-deficiency occurring in the blighted citrus leaves appeared to be the important contributing factor to the increased flavonoid content. Although the leaves from trees with blight were typically smaller than leaves from unaffected trees, the increased flavonoid content was not significantly due to a concentration effect. Large differences occurred in the percent increases in concentrations of certain citrus leaf flavonoids. While large increases occurred for a number of flavanone and flavone glycosides, much smaller percent increases occurred for other minor flavone glycosides, and the polymethoxyflavone aglycones. The parallel increases occurring in the concentrations of certain flavone glycosides and their flavanone analogs provide a further indication that flavanone glycosides are precursors in the biosynthesis of flavone glycosides in citrus.     

UV-microscopic studies on the vacuolar changes caused by the flavone “aglycone” isovitexin inSilene pratensis plants

Summary UV-microscopic and chromatographic studies have been performed on the variation in contents and configuration of the flavones present in epidermal cells of the petals, stem leaves, rosette leaves and cotyledons ofSilene pratensis plants. Most of the flavone contents is located in the vacuole of the upper epidermis cells, the concentration depending on the light intensity at which the plants were grown. In plants able to glycosylate isovitexin in the petals (genotypegG/. gl/gl fg/fg, accumulating isovitexin 7-O-glucoside) the vacuole is completely filled with the UV absorbing flavone. In plants which are unable to glycosylate isovitexin in their petals (genotypeg/g gl/gl fg/fg, accumulating only isovitexin) the upper epidermal cells of stem leaves and petals contain droplet like structures in their vacuoles. At high light intensities these structures increase in mass and become detectable in the visible light. These denser structures often condense to structures with radiating threads.As compared with the accumulation of isovitexin in upper epidermal cells of stem leaves and petals in genotypeg/g gl/gl fg/fg, the cotyledons and the rosette leaves contain two isovitexin glycosides. In the latter organs the upper epidermal cells are very similar to the upper epidermal cells fromgG/. gl/gl fg/fg plants, having a vacuole filled with UV absorbing material. It appears therefore that isovitexin itself causes the formation of the structurés in the cells. It was shown by varying the light intensity that a relative high concentration of isovitexin is necessary for the droplet like structures to appear. Still higher concentrations are needed for the formation of the structures with radiating threads. It is hypothesized that isovitexin interferes with the energy supply of the cells, which therefore are not able to maintain their turgor.     

海南省小叶买麻藤种子形态及营养成分研究

以海南省小叶买麻藤为研究对象,通过对不同气候条件下种子形态与营养成分的研究,发现不同地理位置和生长环境对小叶买麻藤种子各形态指标和营养成分均有显著影响。种子形态在不同地区间差异明显,而同一地区不同单株间基本一致;同一地区不同单株间总淀粉和不同地区间总糖无显著差异。含水量、总脂肪、总黄酮等各指标在不同地区及不同单株间均表现出显著性差异,脂肪含量总体较低,但含有人体必需脂肪酸。吊罗山地区小叶买麻藤种子含水量(41.20%)、总淀粉(40.85%)和总黄酮(15.07%)含量占有绝对优势,这与当地较大的降水量,适宜的温度以及优质的山地黄壤有着密切关系。小叶买麻藤种子营养丰富,但不同生长环境对种子形态及营养成分影响较大,因此进行全面系统的研究对该属植物的开发利用具有重要意义。