红豆杉细胞悬浮培养中不同添加物对细胞生长和紫杉醇合成的影响

采用正交实验检测红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓ ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｐｉｌｇｅｒ）Ｒｅｈｄ．）细胞悬浮培养中水杨酸、Ｄ－果糖、甘露醇和硫酸镧对细胞生长和紫杉醇（ｔａｘｏｌ）积累的影响。添加１０ｇ／ＬＤ－果糖,可使细胞的鲜重和干重明显增加;添加６０ｇ／Ｌ甘露醇使细胞的鲜重和干重明显减少;１ｍｇ／Ｌ水杨酸仅使细胞鲜重增加,对干重影响不明显;硫酸镧对细胞生长无明显影响。单独添加这４种物质,紫杉醇含量均下降,同时添加     

红豆杉细胞培养产物提取策略及其对紫杉醇的影响

研究了硫酸铈铵及原位提取对红豆杉细胞悬浮培养过程中细胞生长、紫杉醇合成及释放的影响。红豆杉细胞悬浮培养过程中培养第12d添加2mg/L硫酸铈铵能获得最大紫杉醇产量8．3mg/L,其中2．4mg/L释放到细胞外,分别为对照组的4倍及12倍。同时添加2mg/L硫酸铈铵、5％油酸(v/v)时胞外紫杉醇产量达到9mg/L,为对照组的45倍。将硫酸铈铵及原位提取与补料培养相结合,最高紫杉醇产量可达24．5mg/L,其中60％释放到胞外。     

补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用对红豆杉细胞培养的影响

为进一步提高红豆杉 (Taxuschinensis (Pilg.)Rehd .)细胞培养过程中紫杉醇的产量 ,采用细胞悬浮培养方法研究了补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用对紫杉醇产量的影响。 5L反应器中补料培养研究表明 ,培养过程中第 16天添加含 2 0g/L蔗糖的补料培养液有利于细胞的生长及紫杉醇的合成。 2 0L反应器中补料培养的研究结果表明 :2 0 %饱和度培养时紫杉醇含量最高 (0 .98mg/gDW) ,但 4 0 %～ 6 0 %溶氧饱和度能提高紫杉醇的产量。进一步研究表明 ,细胞在 6 0 %溶氧饱和度培养 2 0d后转入 2 0 %溶氧饱和度继续培养 12d ,能显著提高紫杉醇产量。补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用时 ,2 0L反应器中红豆杉细胞培养紫杉醇产量可达 18.7mg/L。     

补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用对红豆杉细胞培养的影响

为进一步提高红豆杉(Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehd.)细胞培养过程中紫杉醇的产量,采用细胞悬浮培养方法研究了补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用对紫杉醇产量的影响.5 L反应器中补料培养研究表明,培养过程中第16天添加含20 g/L蔗糖的补料培养液有利于细胞的生长及紫杉醇的合成.20 L反应器中补料培养的研究结果表明:20%饱和度培养时紫杉醇含量最高(0.98 mg/g DW),但40%～60%溶氧饱和度能提高紫杉醇的产量.进一步研究表明,细胞在60%溶氧饱和度培养20 d后转入20%溶氧饱和度继续培养12 d,能显著提高紫杉醇产量.补料培养与溶氧控制联合应用时,20 L反应器中红豆杉细胞培养紫杉醇产量可达18.7 mg/L.     

Clomazone对中国红豆杉细胞培养的影响

以中国红豆杉（Taxus chinensis）悬浮细胞为材料,研究了Clomazone（广灭灵）对培养细胞生长及紫杉醇和糊胡萝卜素合成的影响。探讨紫杉醇生物合成途径人工调控的方法。结果表明在细胞培养第20d加终浓度为20mg/L的Clomazone,对细胞生长影响较小,紫杉醇含量最高,达4263μg/L,约为对照的3倍。Clomazone可以抑制红豆杉细胞类胡萝卜素的合成,其对紫杉醇产量的提高可能与其抑制类胡萝卜素的合成有关。Clomazone与Methyl jasmorale (MJ)及Chloroholine chloride（CCC）对紫杉醇含量的提高有协同作用。     

水杨酸在紫杉醇生物合成中诱导作用的研究

研究了水杨酸对红豆杉细胞培养中紫杉烷合成的影响。在适宜浓度的水杨酸诱导下,紫杉醇(Taxol)的产量提高了近3倍,同时10去乙酰基巴卡亭Ⅲ(10-DAB)与巴卡亭Ⅲ(Baccatin Ⅲ)相应上升。通过对紫杉醇合成代谢途径的动力学分析,初步推断水杨酸的加入提高了10-DAB合成速率。并通过水杨酸和硝酸银的配伍诱导,实现了诱导子之间的协同作用,获得了39 mg/L的紫杉醇含量,比两个诱导子单独作用时的最高含量之和还高出50%。     

代谢调节剂对紫杉醇和Taxuyunnanine C生物合成的调控作用

研究了诱导子、前体和抑制剂对东北红豆杉生产紫杉醇和taxuyunnanine C的影响。结果表明,诱导子在第12d添加,前体和抑制剂在第15d添加能有效地提高紫杉醇和taxuyunnanine C的含量。水杨酸与氯化氯胆碱的交互作用对紫杉醇的合成有很大影响,水杨酸与赤霉酸的交互作用对taxuyunnanine C的合成有很大影响。     

真菌诱导子对中国红豆杉生产紫杉醇优化模型研究

采用均匀设计,研究了真菌诱导子F5质量浓度,添加阶段与处理时间等对中国红豆杉细胞生产紫杉醇（Taxol）的综合效应,建立了以紫杉醇产量为目标函数的数学模型,借助模型,研究了各因子及其交互作用对紫杉醇含量的影响,获得了第15d加入质量浓度为0.64mg/L的真菌诱导子F5,处理29d为最佳的工艺组合。     

云南红豆杉细胞的悬浮培养

在云南红豆杉细胞悬浮培养中,适宜的培养基为B5,接种量为0．5～0．8g干重细胞／100ml培养基,2,4－D浓度为1．0mg／L;培养细胞的生长周期约30d;培养基中较高浓度的蔗糖（40g／L）可提高紫杉醇含量;添加的椰子汁（CM）、酪蛋白氨基酸（C）和水解乳蛋白（LH）3种有机添加剂均能提高培养细胞中紫杉醇的含量,但只有CM和CA能促进细胞的生长。于B5培养基中添加不同浓度的NH4NO3对培养细胞无明显影响。     

果糖和前体物质对紫杉醇生物合成的影响

研究了果糖和几种前体物质对东北红豆杉生产紫杉醇的影响,结果表明,在第12d加入6g/L果糖可以使紫杉醇产量增加63.89％,在糖协同的作用下,加入前体（0.05mmol/L乙酸钠,0.05mmol/L苯丙氨酸,0.1mmol/L苯甲酸钠）可显著提高紫杉醇的合成,同对照相比,含量分别增加49.36%、13.18%和64.26%,在第15d向培养基中加入0.05 mmol/L乙酸钠、0.1mmol/L苯甲酸钠、1mmol/L苯丙氨酸和6g/L果糖则使紫杉醇含量提高181.89％。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism