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1.
The diets of over two-thirds of the world's population lack one or more essential mineral elements. This can be remedied through dietary diversification, mineral supplementation, food fortification, or increasing the concentrations and/or bioavailability of mineral elements in produce (biofortification). This article reviews aspects of soil science, plant physiology and genetics underpinning crop biofortification strategies, as well as agronomic and genetic approaches currently taken to biofortify food crops with the mineral elements most commonly lacking in human diets: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iodine (I) and selenium (Se). Two complementary approaches have been successfully adopted to increase the concentrations of bioavailable mineral elements in food crops. First, agronomic approaches optimizing the application of mineral fertilizers and/or improving the solubilization and mobilization of mineral elements in the soil have been implemented. Secondly, crops have been developed with: increased abilities to acquire mineral elements and accumulate them in edible tissues; increased concentrations of 'promoter' substances, such as ascorbate, β-carotene and cysteine-rich polypeptides which stimulate the absorption of essential mineral elements by the gut; and reduced concentrations of 'antinutrients', such as oxalate, polyphenolics or phytate, which interfere with their absorption. These approaches are addressing mineral malnutrition in humans globally. 相似文献
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本文采用气相色谱法对57例乙型脑炎患者极期和21例恢复期患者的脑脊液(CSF)和血浆14种游离氨基酸浓度进行分析。结果表明,乙脑极期CSF游离氨基酸浓度除苏氨酸、丝氨酸值低于正常值外,其它氨基酸值均增高,其中谷氨酸、鸟氨酸、赖氨酸、缬氨酸、脯氨酸值上升明显(allP<0.01),至乙脑恢复期不同幅度下降。乙脑极期血浆游离脯氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、鸟氨酸、谷氨酸浓度高于正常值,而其它8种氨基酸值均下降明显,至乙脑恢复期,多数氨基酸恢复至接近正常水平。实验提示,乙脑病毒能明显影响血浆和CSF中氨基酸的含量,而二者具有代谢差异。 相似文献
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羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸及其共聚物复合生物材料 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
阐述了羟基磷灰石、聚乳酸和聚乙醇酸各自的结构性能特点;总结了两者通过复合有望得到具有良好力学性能、生物相容性、骨传导性的可降解羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合生物材料;最后展望了这类复合生物材料的发展方向。 相似文献
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Monica A. Lewis Seymour Mong Robert L. Vessella G. Kurt Hogaboom Hsiao-Ling Wu Stanley T. Crooke 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1984,27(6):961-974
Specific leukotriene C4 (LTC4) binding sites were identified in membrane preparations from human fetal lung. Specific binding of [3H]-LTC4 represented 95 percent of total binding, reached steadystate within 10 minutes and was rapidly reversible upon addition of excess unlabeled LTC4. Binding assays were performed at 4°C under conditions which prevented metabolism of [3H]-LTC4 (80 mM serineborate, 10 mM cysteine, 10 mM glycine). Under these conditions, greater than 95 percent of the membrane bound radioactivity, as analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, co-eluted with the LTC4 standard. Computer-assisted analyses of saturation binding data showed a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 26 + 6 nM and a density (Bmax) of 84 ± 18 pmol/mg protein. Pharmacological specificity was demonstrated by competition studies in which specific binding of [3H]-LTC4 was displaced by LTC4 and its structural analogs with inhibition constants (Kj) of 10 to 30 nM, whereas LTD4, diastereoisomers of LTD1, LTE4 and the end organ antagonist FPL 55712 were 150 to 700 fold less potent competitors than LTC4. These results provide evidence for specific, reversible, saturable, high affinity binding sites for [3H]-LTC4 in human fetal lung membranes. 相似文献
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我国现有的金鱼品种的分类及其系统发育的探讨1) 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
一、引言 金鱼是我国广大人民乐于饲养的一种家养观赏鱼类。它是由野生红黄色鲫鱼演变而来的。明朝李时珍在《本草纲目》中记载:金鱼“述异记载晋桓冲游庐山,见湖中有赤鳞鱼,即此也。”他还写道:“自宋始有畜者,今则处处家养玩矣。”因此可以认为金鱼起源于我国晋朝(公元265—420年间)。至今已有一千多年的历史了。 李璞(1959)报道了我国的金鱼品种已有二十余个。徐金声等(1980)报道有143个之多。耶么迄今为止我国的金鱼品种究竟有多少呢?为了弄清我国的金鱼品种资源,作者曾在北京等十七个省市的各大公园和花木公司所属鱼场作了调查。在调查过程中,我们 相似文献
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转铁蛋白受体单链抗体与BDNF融合蛋白的表达及活性鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对中枢神经系统的多种神经元具有营养,修复和保护功能,但因无法通过血脑屏障限制了其应用。本文利用抗转铁蛋白受体(TfR)的单链抗体(ox26-scFv)作为脑转运载体,分别扩增单链抗体和BDNF基因,插入pTIG-Trx载体,构建融合基因表达载体pTIG-Trx/scFv-BDNF,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中实现了高效表达。经Ni-NTA金属鏊合层析柱纯化后,在41Kd处可见目的纯化条带。大鼠GH3细胞免疫酶染色显示,ScFv-BDNF融合蛋白能与转铁蛋白受体特异性结合。同时能够促进鸡胚背根节神经突起的生长,具备了BDNF的生物学活性。为使BDNF能够跨越血脑屏障成为中枢神经系统的治疗药物打下了实验基础。 相似文献
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平阳霉素对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管内皮细胞生长的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜研究平阳霉素对血管内皮细胞移动和增殖的影响.(1)内皮细胞移动采用组织学切片、常规H-E染色,通过观察不同胚龄鸡胚CAM的组织学结构即可判定毛细血管EC移动.发现鸡胚在第8、10、12天胚龄时CAM EC都位于外胚层绒毛膜上皮之下,随胚龄增大,EC逐渐由中胚层移向外胚层.而孵育至第14天后(16、18天)CAM毛细血管EC大都移至外胚层上皮之上,紧贴壳膜.PY可明显抑制EC移动,使第18天胚龄时早已该移至外胚层之上的毛细血管EC仍停留在外胚层上皮之下.(2)内皮细胞增殖用放射自显影技术对第10天胚龄的鸡胚CAM EC进行3H-TdR标记,标记率即反映EC增殖的程度.同时用血管生长抑制剂PY对比研究对EC增殖的影响.对照组和实验组EC 3H-TdR标记率分别为41.5±3.4%和20.3±1.5%,PY可使CAM EC的DNA合成减少,即抑制EC增殖.鸡胚CAM可作为研究EC移动和增殖的体内模型,用于血管生成刺激因子和抑制因子的筛选和研究. 相似文献
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维生素E对三氯乙烯急性染毒大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化与抗氧化酶的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文观察了用抗氧化剂维生素E预处理后,三氯乙烯(3000mg/kg B-W-) 一次性经口染毒24h 大鼠肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等抗氧化酶活力及丙二醛含量的变化,结果表明三氯乙烯染毒组肝脏中丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活力及血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力均高于对照组(P< 0-01) ;而维生素E干预组的丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活力及血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力均分别低于三氯乙烯染毒组(P< 0-01) ,说明三氯乙烯急性染毒可引起肝脏脂质过氧化反应及肝损害,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活力升高可能是机体受自由基及脂质过氧化反应刺激而诱导产生的一种适应性反应,维生素E对三氯乙烯所致的肝损害有一定的保护作用。 相似文献
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An updated angiosperm classification 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
GERTRUD DAHLGREN 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1989,100(3):197-203
DAHLGREN, C, 1989. An updated angiosperm classification. A new two-dimensional diagram, reflecting the system of classification of the angiosperms, is presented. It combines the dicotyledon diagram in G. Dahlgren (1989) and an adapted monocotyledon diagram after that in Dahlgren (1985) in a single diagram. An updated monocotyledon taxonomy is presented and the classification is appended. 相似文献
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A new bis-(N-tridentate) Fe(II) complex [Fe(dpop′)2](PF6)2 (dpop′=dipyrido(2,3-a:3′,2′-j)phenazine) was prepared and studied. The magnetic moment of the solid was determined as μ=5.2-4.9 BM and in CH3CN solution as μ=4.9 BM and indicate the high spin Fe(II) state. The electronic absorption spectrum displays a broad weak absorption MLCT transition at 602 nm (ε=3.8×103 M−1 cm−1), consistent with CT absorptions of other Fe(II) HS complexes. The cyclic voltammogram of the complex shows an irreversible Fe2+/3+ oxidation at +1.55 V and two dpop′0/−1 centered reductions at −0.20 and −0.59 V versus Ag/AgCl. 相似文献
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Lactic-acid fermentation as a low-cost means of food preservation in tropical countries 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abstract The range of traditional lactic-acid-fermented foods in tropical countries is briefly reviewed. Recent studies on the lactic acid fermentation of fish and cassava products are described. Lactic-acid-fermented fish products may offer considerable scope for the development of new food products and for the use of under-utilised fish species. Lactic-acid-fermented fish products are common in parts of Asia; methods to improve the product and shelf-life quality, to reduce microbial risks and to accelerate the process are described. This work is based on fish/salt/carbohydrate model systems. The nutritional aspects of cassava fermentation are discussed with respect to factors involved in determining residual cyanide levels; the possible anti-nutritional rôle of condensed tannins is mentioned. The increasing consumption of meat products in tropical countries emphasises the need for a preservation method that does not depend on refrigeration. The possible production of sausage ingredients preserved by lactic acid fermentation, and the associated research needs are described. 相似文献
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Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with arsenic accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with arsenic (As) accumulation in rice were mapped using a doubled haploid population established by anther culture of F1 plants from a cross between a Japonica cultivar CJ06 and an Indica cultivar TN1 (Oryza sativa). Four QTLs for arsenic (As) concentrations were detected in the map. At the seedling stage, one QTL was mapped on chromosome 2 for As concentrations in shoots with 24.4% phenotypic variance and one QTL for As concentrations in roots was detected on chromosome 3. At maturity, two QTLs for As concentrations in grains were found on chromosomes 6 and 8, with 26.3 and 35.2% phenotypic variance, respectively. No common loci were detected among these three traits. Interestingly, the QTL on chromosome 8 was found to be colocated for As concentrations in grain at maturity and shoot phosphorus (P) concentrations at seedling stage. These results provide an insight into the genetic basis of As uptake and accumulation in rice, and will be useful in identifying genes associated with As accumulation. 相似文献
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Low molecular weight organic anions (LMWOA) can enhance weathering of mineral grains. We tested the hypothesis that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi and tree seedlings increase their exudation of LMWOA when supply of magnesium, potassium and phosphorus is low to enhance the mobilization of Mg, K and P from mineral grains. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and Pinus sylvestris seedlings were cultured in symbiosis and in isolation on glass beads with nutrient solution or with sand as a rooting medium, with a complete nutrient supply or with Mg, K, P or N in low supply. Concentrations of all dicarboxylic LMWOA in the rooting medium were measured. Nonmycorrhizal seedlings released predominantly malonate. Colonization with Hebeloma longicaudum decreased the amount of organic anions exuded, whereas Paxillus involutus and Piloderma croceum increased the concentration of oxalate but not the total amount of LMWOA. Phosphorus deficiency increased the concentration of LMWOA by nonmycorrhizal and EcM seedlings. Magnesium deficiency increased the concentration of oxalate by nonmycorrhizal and EcM seedlings, but not the concentration of total LMWOA. Paxillus involutus grown in pure culture responded differently to low nutrient supply compared with symbiotic growth. Ectomycorrhizal fungi did not increase the total concentration of LMWOA compared with nonmycorrhizal seedlings but, depending on the fungal species, they affected the type of LMWOA found. 相似文献
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眼球运动和眨眼会在眼球周围产生电信号,这种电信号的存在直接影响到对EEG信号的分析特征提取及EEG模式的分类等研究。本文提出了一种基于小波阈值滤噪方法来修正EEG信号中出现的视觉伪信号(OA)。这种用于EEG视觉伪信号处理的小波方法的实现过程如下:1)用平稳小波变换(SWT)对原始EEG信号进行处理;2)设置低频带信号的系数阈值;3)对滤噪后的信号进行重构。实验结果表明这种方法同时适用于眨眼和眼球运动产生的伪信号。最后,通过对采集的信号处理前后做了对比,说明其有效性。 相似文献
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Native upland species, Nardus stricta , Eriophorum vaginatum , Erica cinerea and Vaccinium vitis-idaea were given 3 or 60 kg N ha−1 yr−1 , over 2 yr, applied as a mist (NH4 NO3 ). The high N treatment increased above-ground biomass in all four species, but only significantly in E. cinerea , E. vaginatum and N. stricta . Biomass increases in E. vaginatum and N. stricta resulted from enhanced tiller production rather than shoot elongation. Root growth increased in N. stricta , so that root:shoot ratio in this species was unchanged by N. Root growth in E. vaginatum , E. cinerea and V. vitis-idaea did not respond to N and their root:shoot ratios decreased. Tissue N concentrations increased in both shoots and roots of all species in response to N. The accumulated foliar N did not increase the proportion of N allocated to Rubisco and the photosynthetic capacities of N. stricta , E. vaginatum and V. vitis-idaea were unchanged. Thus growth responses to N were due to altered allocation rather than increased rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf area. The high N treatment increased flower production significantly in E. cinerea but not in the other species. Although in this experiment dwarf shrubs were more responsive than graminoids to N, in the field at current N inputs the enhanced tillering of the graminoids may be more competitively advantageous, especially where gaps develop in the canopy. Thus increasing N deposition may lead to increased grassiness of upland heath, and in particular, a spread of N. stricta . 相似文献
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对瓜实蝇Bactrocera (Tetradacus) minax (Enderlein)、桔小实蝇Bactrocera (Bactrocera) dorsalis (Hendel)和桔大实蝇Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae (Coquillett)的形态学、生物学、生态学等方面进行了比较和分析,包括三种实蝇在国内外的分布情况,对寄主选择的差异,各种虫态的形态特征,发育历期和生活史,并对它们的危害状况和防治方法分别作了介绍,可为3种实蝇的鉴定和防治提供参考. 相似文献