The tremendous enhancement factors possessed by surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS), coupled with the flexibility of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), pave the way to a new generation of ultrasensitive biosensors. This review article aims to provide the latest advancement in SERS‐based PCF sensors for various biochemical applications. Such a sensitive biosensor could be translated for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids for early diagnosis of diseases. Further details can be found in the article by U. S Dinish, Flavien Beffara, Georges Humbert, Jean‐Louis Auguste, and Malini Olivo ( e201900027 ).
Nuclear pore complex imaged at three different resolutions by confocal, expansion, and Ex‐STED microscopy, respectively. NUP become a ruler to measure the expansion process. Further details can be found in the article by Luca Pesce, Marco Cozzolino, Luca Lanzanò, Alberto Diaspro, and Paolo Bianchini ( e201900018 ).
A new quantitative phase imaging (QPI) modality, coined multi‐ATOM, can now capture and process enormous amount of quantitative phase single‐cell images (>700,000 cells) at a ultrahigh throughput without compromising sub‐cellular resolution. It could empower label‐free single‐cell analysis where large‐scale and cost‐effective screening is necessary. Further details can be found in the article by Kelvin C. M. Lee, Andy K. S. Lau, Anson H. L. Tang, et al. ( e201800479 ).
How does the ischemic tissue re‐vascularize? Now we can visualize the reperfusion process at high spatial resolution by using a dual‐wavelength MEMS scanning based optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR‐PAM) system. The fast imaging capability enables continuous monitoring of skin reperfusion in a mouse model. It's also found that the ischemic tissue has a significantly higher oxygen consumption rate in the reperfusion stage comparing to the normal tissue. Further details can be found in the article by Renzhe Bi, U.S. Dinish, Chi Ching Goh, et al. ( e201800454 ).
A wearable device based on fiber optic biosensor for high‐precision radial pulse wave monitoring and diagnosis is proposed and demonstrated in this article. Owing to the high sensitivity of the tiny fiber tip with aluminum diaphragm assembled in the sportswristband, weak acoustic signal induced by arterial pulse can be high‐fidelity recovered and then quantitatively analyzed for clinical diagnosis, which is promising in early cardiovascular diseases indicating. Further details can be found in the article by Jingyi Wang, Kewei Liu, Qizhen Sun, et al. ( e201900084 ).
An ultrafast time‐stretch imaging technique for edge detection is demonstrated. The edge detection based on the optical directional derivative is realized by using differential detection. Since the edge detection is implemented in the physical layer, the computation complexity in the back‐end digital signal processing is very low. The blood red cells and cancer cells can be easily identified by distinguishing the edges. Further details can be found in the article by Bo Dai, LuHe, Lulu Zheng, Yongfeng Fu et al. ( e201800044 ).
Optical tissue clearing is a method allowing post‐mortem deep imaging of organs in three dimensions. By optimizing the CUBIC clearing protocol, the authors provide rapid and simple approach to clear the entire adult rat organism within as little as four days, which is accompanied by the variety of its staining and imaging techniques. The image was captured with polarizers and demonstrates transparent rodent heart with thread‐like crystals of clearing reagent. Further details can be found in the article by Pawe? Matryba et al. ( e201700248 ).
Label‐free optical projection tomography technique makes it possible for quantitative whole mouse embryo imaging without any exogenous contrast agent. Further details can be found in the article by Sungbea Ban, Nam Hyun Cho, Eunjung Min, et al. ( e201800481 ).
In this work, intravital multiphoton microscopy was used to image and quantify hepatobiliary metabolism of 6‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate in the recovery of acetaminophen‐overdose mice. It was found that the excretion of the probe molecule was time‐dependent and hepatobiliary metabolism is higher in recovered mice, suggesting that newly regenerated hepatocytes have higher metabolic capabilities. This approach may be further developed applied to studying drug‐induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. Further details can be found in the article by Feng‐Chieh Li, Sheng‐Lin Lee, Hung‐Ming Lin, et al. ( e201800296 ).
A dual‐raster‐scanned photoacoustic microscope (DRS‐PAM) was reported, which integrates a two‐dimensional motorized translation stage for large field‐of‐view imaging and a two‐axis fast galvanometer scanner for real‐time imaging. The DRS‐PAM provides a flexible transition from wide‐field monitoring the vasculature of organs to real‐time imaging of local dynamics. Further details can be found in the article by Fei Yang, Zhiyang Wang, Wuyu Zhang, et al. ( e202000022 ).
Thrombosis monitoring in vivo in small animals is of great value in basic research. The aim of this study is to utilize OCT to monitor thrombosis progression in femoral vein of mice from various measurement criteria, and to validate its use in evaluation the efficacy of the antithrombotic drug. The proved capability of obtaining thrombodynamics information in mice model provide valuable use in preclinical studies for anti‐thrombotic drugs development research. Further details can be found in the article by Yao Yu, Menghan Yu, Jian Liu, et al. ( e201900105 ).
There is a clinical need in the treatment of atrial fibrillation by radiofrequency ablation to provide lesion set validation. The integration of optical fibers into radiofrequency ablation catheters can address this issue. Thermally‐induced, dynamic changes in tissue diffuse reflectance are measured through transcatheter near‐infrared spectroscopy. A regression model based on spectral features is proposed and utilized to validate the presence of thermal injury, measure lesion depth, and assess gaps. Further details can be found in the article by Rajinder P. Singh‐Moon, Xinwen Yao, Vivek Iyer, et al. ( e201800144 ).
In azoospermic patients, spermatozoa are routinely obtained by testicular sperm extraction (TESE). However, success rates of this technique are moderate, because the site of excision of testicular tissue is determined arbitrarily. Therefore the aim of this study was to establish probe‐based laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) a noval biomedical imaging technique, which provides the opportunity of non‐invasive, real‐time visualisation of tissue at histological resolution. Using pCLE we clearly visualized longitudinal and horizontal views of the tubuli seminiferi contorti and localized vital spermatozoa. Obtained images and real‐time videos were subsequently compared with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of spermatozoa and tissues, respectively.
Comparative visualization of single native Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM, left) and probe‐based laser endomicroscopy (pCLE, right) using Pro FlexTM UltraMini O after staining with acriflavine. 相似文献
This review is aimed at interpreting development and advantages of intravital imaging as an emerging invaluable methodology and summarizing related representative discoveries in bone physiologies and pathologies. It also indicates current limitations, further refinement, and extended application of intravital imaging in bone research. Further details can be found in the article by Yuhao Liu, Quan Yuan, and Shiwen Zhanget ( e201960075 ).
Monitoring the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability plays a key role in assessing drug release with high resolution. In this work, with the help of optical clearing skull window, we not only realized non‐invasive BBB opening by photodynamic therapy, but also developed a method based on spectral‐imaging to in vivo dynamically monitor the changes in BBB permeability. Further details can be found in the article by Wei Feng, Chao Zhang, Tingting Yu, et al. ( e201800330 ).
Hyperspectral scanning laser optical tomography is developed to provide spectrally resolved volume data sets with high spectral resolution for large mesoscopic samples. It can be used to resolve largely overlapping fluorophores, as demonstrated by the 3D fluorescence hyperspectral reconstruction of a dual‐labelled mouse thymus gland sample and to distinguish between signals from autofluorescence of diseased and normal tissue without prior knowledge. Further details can be found in the article by Lingling Chen, Guiye Li, Li Tang, et al. ( e201800221 ).
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuroimaging sensors use light source and detector pairs placed over scalp to measure underlying neurophysiology. Source detector separation (SDS) is a critical design parameter and should aim a balanced trade‐off for detected light intensity and sensitivity to brain tissue. In this study, we used multi‐layer digital head models to systematically evaluate the role of SDS on NIRS spatial sensitivity profiles within both healthy and clinical conditions. Further details can be found in the article by Lei Wang, Hasan Ayaz, and Meltem Izzetoglu ( e201900175 ).
A novel, camera phone‐based laser speckle imager creates new possibilities for quantitative and noninvasive investigations into diagnosis and pathogenesis of cerebral malaria through the eye. In a longitudinal study, a camera‐phone imager detected decreased retinal blood flow speed as experimental cerebral malaria developed in a murine model. The device may ultimately permit recognition of the syndrome prior to the onset of clinical symptoms which is not currently possible. Further details can be found in the article by Itay Remer, Lorraine F. Pierre‐Destine, David Tay, Linnie M. Golightly, and Alberto Bilenca ( e201800098 ).
Spectra from microscopic tissue sections are strongly distorted by Mie‐type scattering and require correction by the ME‐EMSC algorithm. In the upper right, Mie extinction curves, which are simulated by the ME‐EMSC algorithm, are shown. Two measured spectra are shown in the foreground, a raw spectrum which contains Mie scattering, and the spectrum corrected by the ME‐EMSC algorithm. The cover figure was designed by Dr. Boris Zimmermann. Further details can be found in the article by Johanne H. Solheim, Evgeniy Gunko, Dennis Petersen, et al. ( e201800415 ).
A catheter‐based OCT system is used in intubated mechanically‐ventilated critical care patients for the in vivo detection of endotracheal tube biofilm formation, which has been linked to ventilator‐associated pneumonia and death. The combination of attenuation coefficient and structural imaging enables longitudinal monitoring of biofilm growth and differentiation from mucus. In contrast to conventional diagnostic procedures, this approach provides effective real‐time bed‐side detection of biofilms. Further details can be found in the article by Roshan Dsouza, Darold R. Spillman Jr., Ronit Barkalifa, et al. ( e201800307 ).
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