Nuclear pore complex imaged at three different resolutions by confocal, expansion, and Ex‐STED microscopy, respectively. NUP become a ruler to measure the expansion process. Further details can be found in the article by Luca Pesce, Marco Cozzolino, Luca Lanzanò, Alberto Diaspro, and Paolo Bianchini ( e201900018 ).
Intraoperative margin assessment is clinically important, especially for tissue conserving surgery like Mohs micrographic surgery in which minimization of the surgical area is crucial. Instead of the complex frozen pathology protocol, slide‐free histopathological imaging of hematoxylin‐eosin stained whole‐mount skin tissues is demonstrated by using nonlinear microscopy, thus facilitating rapid intraoperative assessment of surgical tissues for future applications. Further details can be found in the article by Chi‐Kuang Sun, Chien‐Ting Kao, Ming‐Liang Wei, et al. ( e201800341 ).
The tremendous enhancement factors possessed by surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS), coupled with the flexibility of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), pave the way to a new generation of ultrasensitive biosensors. This review article aims to provide the latest advancement in SERS‐based PCF sensors for various biochemical applications. Such a sensitive biosensor could be translated for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids for early diagnosis of diseases. Further details can be found in the article by U. S Dinish, Flavien Beffara, Georges Humbert, Jean‐Louis Auguste, and Malini Olivo ( e201900027 ).
Monitoring the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability plays a key role in assessing drug release with high resolution. In this work, with the help of optical clearing skull window, we not only realized non‐invasive BBB opening by photodynamic therapy, but also developed a method based on spectral‐imaging to in vivo dynamically monitor the changes in BBB permeability. Further details can be found in the article by Wei Feng, Chao Zhang, Tingting Yu, et al. ( e201800330 ).
Optimized light delivery allows for single shot whole organ optoacoustic imaging. The authors present an optimized illumination concept for volumetric tomography that utilizes 3D printing in combination with custom‐made optical fiber illumination. The new approach showed a clear advantage over conventional, single‐sided illumination strategies by eliminating the need to correct for illumination variances and resulting in enhancement of the effective field of view, greater penetration depth and significant improvements in the overall image quality. Further details can be found in the article by Benedict Mc Larney, Johannes Rebling, Zhenyue Chen, et al. ( e201800387 )
This review is aimed at interpreting development and advantages of intravital imaging as an emerging invaluable methodology and summarizing related representative discoveries in bone physiologies and pathologies. It also indicates current limitations, further refinement, and extended application of intravital imaging in bone research. Further details can be found in the article by Yuhao Liu, Quan Yuan, and Shiwen Zhanget ( e201960075 ).
CARS microscopy was employed to monitor the reorganization of intracellular lipids and proteins, as well as cellular transformations, after irradiation with near infrared (NIR) light. NIR light was shown to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner. The progression of apoptosis assessed with CARS microscopy is apparently associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species followed by an excessive formation of lipid droplets and their peroxidation. Further details can be found in the article by Svitlana M. Levchenko, Andrey N. Kuzmin, Artem Pliss, et al. ( e201900179 )
A wearable device based on fiber optic biosensor for high‐precision radial pulse wave monitoring and diagnosis is proposed and demonstrated in this article. Owing to the high sensitivity of the tiny fiber tip with aluminum diaphragm assembled in the sportswristband, weak acoustic signal induced by arterial pulse can be high‐fidelity recovered and then quantitatively analyzed for clinical diagnosis, which is promising in early cardiovascular diseases indicating. Further details can be found in the article by Jingyi Wang, Kewei Liu, Qizhen Sun, et al. ( e201900084 ).
A novel urine analysis technique combining affinity chromatography with Au nanoparticle‐based SERS spectroscopy for potential applications in noninvasive gastric cancer and breast cancer screening. Both the gastric cancer and the breast cancer group can be discriminated from the normal group using SERS spectroscopy combined multivariate diagnostic algorithm, leading to high diagnostic accuracy. These results demonstrate that the urine analysis method has great potential for cancer detection in liquid biopsies. Further details can be found in the article by Xueliang Lin, Lingna Wang, Huijing Lin, et al. ( e201800327 ).
A large‐depth‐of‐field full‐field optical angiography (LD‐FFOA) method is developed to expand the depth‐of‐field (DOF). The contrast pyramid fusion algorithm is used to fuse 10 FFOA images at different focus depth. Cover images of mouse ear shows LD‐FFOA image has higher contrast and more detailed features. The LD‐FFOA method solves the defocused problem caused by the limited DOF of lens, the curved surface and uneven thickness of the sample. Further details can be found in the article by Mingyi Wang, Nanshou Wu, Hongheng Huang, et al. ( e201800329 ).
An ultrafast time‐stretch imaging technique for edge detection is demonstrated. The edge detection based on the optical directional derivative is realized by using differential detection. Since the edge detection is implemented in the physical layer, the computation complexity in the back‐end digital signal processing is very low. The blood red cells and cancer cells can be easily identified by distinguishing the edges. Further details can be found in the article by Bo Dai, LuHe, Lulu Zheng, Yongfeng Fu et al. ( e201800044 ).
Raster Scanning Optoacoustic Mesoscopy (RSOM) is a novel optoacoustic imaging modality that offers non‐invasive, label‐free, high resolution (~7 µm axial, ~30 µm lateral) imaging up to 1–2 mm below the skin. This paper aims to provide quantitative estimation of specific imaging metrics, like total blood volume, vessel diameter, and melanin signal intensity for in vivo skin imaging of human subjects with Fitzpatrick (FP) skin types between II to V. Further details can be found in the article by Xiuting Li, Dinish U. S., Juan Aguirre, et al. ( e201800442 ).
To optimize the resection of gliomas during neurosurgery we present an imaging system capable of wide field fluorescence lifetime mapping with 11 mm field of view and 250 mm working distance. Based on a time of flight dual‐tap CMOS camera and a modulated laser at 405 nm we show unobserved quenching effects in tissue phantoms and demonstrate life‐time imaging on 5‐ALA labeled human ex vivo brain tumor samples. Further details can be found in the article by Mikael T. Erkkilä, Bianca Bauer, Nancy Hecker‐Denschlag, et al. ( e201800378 ).
Photodynamic inactivation of prions by disulfonated hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanine. Further details can be found in the article by Marie Kostelanska, Jaroslav Freisleben, Zdenka Backovska Hanusova, et al. ( e201800430 ).
This schematic depicts the classification of multiphoton images with different degrees of HCC differentiation using the VGG‐16 neural network. The convolution layer is further trained based on the original weights. The weights of the fully connected layers are initialized as a random number and the training is restarted to improve its classification accuracy. Further details can be found in the article by Hongxin Lin, Chao Wei, Guangxing Wang, et al. ( e201800435 ).
There is a clinical need in the treatment of atrial fibrillation by radiofrequency ablation to provide lesion set validation. The integration of optical fibers into radiofrequency ablation catheters can address this issue. Thermally‐induced, dynamic changes in tissue diffuse reflectance are measured through transcatheter near‐infrared spectroscopy. A regression model based on spectral features is proposed and utilized to validate the presence of thermal injury, measure lesion depth, and assess gaps. Further details can be found in the article by Rajinder P. Singh‐Moon, Xinwen Yao, Vivek Iyer, et al. ( e201800144 ).
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuroimaging sensors use light source and detector pairs placed over scalp to measure underlying neurophysiology. Source detector separation (SDS) is a critical design parameter and should aim a balanced trade‐off for detected light intensity and sensitivity to brain tissue. In this study, we used multi‐layer digital head models to systematically evaluate the role of SDS on NIRS spatial sensitivity profiles within both healthy and clinical conditions. Further details can be found in the article by Lei Wang, Hasan Ayaz, and Meltem Izzetoglu ( e201900175 ).
The estimated life span of Halimeda from a new recruit to a fertile plant. See Mayakun and Prathep in this issue. Cover picture from: Article link here
The nuclei of epithelial cells in stratified squamous epithelia have been reported to be either low scattering or high scattering. Using micro‐optical coherence tomography, we demonstrate that the nuclei are ‘low scattering’ in the core; those previously reported ‘high‐scattering’ signals are likely from the nucleocytoplasmic boundary. Further details can be found in the article by Si Chen, Xinyu Liu, Nanshuo Wang, et al. ( e201900073 ).
