Oral health‐related quality of life of older people from three South American cities

Objective: To describe subjective oral health status and its association with overall health conditions and socioeconomic factors in the elderly (60 years and older) living in the capital cities with the oldest average populations in South America. Background: Oral diseases are a public health problem, frequently neglected in older adults. In recent years, the subjective assessment of psychological and social consequences of the problems related to oral health has been valued. One of the instruments used to estimate the Oral Health‐Quality of Life is the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment (GOHAI). Material and methods: Representative samples from SABE study (1999–2000) of Santiago (n = 1301), Buenos Aires (n = 1043), and Montevideo (n = 1450) aged 60 and over community‐dwelling people. We assessed OH‐QoL (GOHAI), self‐reported missing teeth, denture use, and self‐rated‐health, among other indicators. Logistic regression models(GOHAI < 58) for each city, adjusted by sex and age, were applied. Results: GOHAI average scores were higher in Montevideo (54.8 ± 6.1) than in Buenos Aires (53.1 ± 7.4) and Santiago (49.9 ± 8.6). A pronounced gradient of the oral condition and GOHAI scores were observed within the three‐cities. Denture use ‐less prevalent in Santiago and more common among women‐ is a protective factor against a poor OH‐QoL. Conclusion: Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health status and OH‐QoL are observed in the three cities. The increasing life expectancy emphasizes the need to integrate prevention and treatment efforts, as a way to improve OH‐QoL over the course of a lifetime.     

Relationships between Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index scores and general physical status in community-dwelling older adults

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00597.x Relationships between Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index scores and general physical status in community‐dwelling older adults Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and general physical status among community‐dwelling older adults. Background: Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index is a patient‐centred assessment of oral health for older adults. We hypothesised that GOHAI is a significant indicator of general physical status of older adults. Methods: This study included 354 adults (age, ≥65 years) living independently. Body mass index, handgrip strength and one‐leg standing time with eyes open were used to evaluate the general physical status. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships between the GOHAI scores, its three subdivided categories (physical function, psychological function and pain and discomfort) and each physical status measurement. A stepwise linear regression model was applied with each physical status measurement as the dependent variable and the GOHAI scores and its subdivisions as the principal independent variable. Results: Positive correlations were found between the GOHAI scores, its three subdivided categories and handgrip strength. The physical function category positively correlated with one‐leg standing time. The GOHAI and the pain and discomfort category scores were retained in the final models of stepwise regression for handgrip strength, and significant relationships persisted after adjustments for demographic, psychosocial, medical and dental status. Conclusion: The GOHAI scores and its pain and discomfort category score may be significant indicators of body muscle strength.     

Arabic version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to translate the original English version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) into an Arabic version, and to test the validity and reliability of the translated instrument (GOHAI‐Ar) for use among the elderly in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The 12‐item GOHAI was translated into Arabic using the back‐translation technique and performing a preliminary test to determine the comprehensibility and readability of the Arabic language version. A total of 156 elderly patients answered the questionnaire, and underwent a clinical examination by one calibrated dentist. Information on subjects’ socio‐demographic background and oral health conditions was collected. Convergent validity was evaluated by identifying the associations between perceived oral health status, general health status, perceived need for dental care and GOHAI‐Ar scores. Discriminant validity was examined by comparing the GOHAI‐Ar scores and six oral health parameters. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Test–retest reliability was assessed by intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted kappa. Factor structure of GOHAI‐Ar was evaluated using principal component factor analysis. Results: The mean GOHAI‐Ar was 32.1 (SD 12.2; range 11–59). Mean GOHAI‐Ar scores were higher for the elderly who rated their oral and general health as good. Subjects with perceived dental treatment needs had a lower mean GOHAI‐Ar score than those without any such needs. The caries experience, number of missing teeth, OHI‐S score, number of pathologically mobile teeth and number of oral lesions were negatively correlated with the GOHAI‐Ar score. The Cronbach’s alpha (0.93) indicated a high degree of internal consistency and homogeneity between items. The ICC for GOHAI‐Ar was 0.95, the weighted kappa coefficient for individual items varied between 0.42 and 0.71, and the correlation coefficients for the 12 items were above 0.70. Factor analysis didn’t support the expected dimensions of the index, and only one factor was found at eigenvalue greater than 1. Conclusions: The findings suggest an excellent reliability and validity of GOHAI‐Ar. Further research is needed to assess the value of this instrument in oral health‐related quality of life studies in Arabic elderly population.     

Oral health‐related quality of life and nutritional status of institutionalized elderly population aged 60 years and above in Mysore City,India

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2012.00651.x Oral health‐related quality of life and nutritional status of institutionalized elderly population aged 60 years and above in Mysore City, India Objective: To assess whether oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) is associated with nutritional status in the institutionalised elderly population of Mysore. Background: Malnutrition in the elderly has an evident impact on their general health and quality of life. Analysis of data of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and their association with the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) results improves our understanding of the complex relationship between oral health and malnutrition. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among the institutionalised elderly population in Mysore city, Karnataka. Data on socio‐demographic, oral health status were gathered. OHRQoL was evaluated using GOHAI, and malnutrition risk using MNA. Results: Out of 141 elderly, 41.1% were men and 58.9% were women with mean age of 72.2 ± 7.5 years. Mean GOHAI score was 47.03 ± 9.2, with 69.5% had low perception of oral health. Mean MNA score was 9.91 ± 2.4, 15.6% were malnourished, 52.5% were at risk of malnutrition and 31.9% were adequately nourished. A strong association was found between the mean GOHAI and MNA scores. Conclusion: Oral health–related quality of life was associated with nutritional deficit, and it requires a greater integration between dentistry and nutrition in the health promotion of older adults.     

Nutritional status, dietary intake and oral quality of life in elderly complete denture wearers

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00545.x Nutritional status, dietary intake and oral quality of life in elderly complete denture wearers Background and objective: The prevalence of malnutrition increases with age because of many factors. Edentulousness leads to the avoidance of many types of foods. The aim of this study was to determine whether elderly complete denture wearers have a higher risk of malnutrition than dentate controls. Material and methods: A Mini‐Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and a 3‐day dietary record were compiled for a group of fully dentates (21 women and 29 men; mean age 70.1 ± 6.1) and for a group of complete denture wearers (31 women and 16 men; mean age 70.1 ± 8.1). Socio‐demographic data and scores on the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) questionnaire were collected. Results: Inter‐group comparison of MNA scores showed that more subjects in the edentulous group (21.3%) risked malnutrition than in the dentate group (0%). The variability of the MNA could be explained for 22% by dental status, 7% by loneliness and 4% by the GOHAI score (regression analysis). Both groups had insufficient energy intakes and deficits in vitamins and micronutrients; moreover, edentulous subjects had lower intakes than dentate subjects. Conclusion: The use of conventional dentures increases the risk of malnutrition in the elderly.     

基于OPT康复训练联合高压氧治疗对重症病毒性脑炎合并吞咽障碍患儿吞咽功能、脑氧代谢及血清神经损害指标的影响

摘要 目的：基于口腔定位疗法（OPT）康复训练联合高压氧治疗对重症病毒性脑炎合并吞咽障碍患儿吞咽功能、脑氧代谢及血清神经损害指标的影响。方法：选取2015年1月到2022年8月期间南部战区总医院接收的重症病毒性脑炎合并吞咽障碍患儿80例。采用信封抽签法将患儿分为对照组（常规对症治疗、口腔吞咽康复训练的基础上联合OPT康复训练）和研究组（对照组的基础上联合高压氧治疗）,各为40例。对比两组疗效、吞咽功能、脑氧代谢及血清神经损害指标。结果：研究组干预后的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,研究组口腔期、食管期、咽期的吞咽障碍调查表（DDS）评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,研究组血氧饱和度（SjvO₂）、脑氧摄取率（CERO₂）高于对照组,脑动静脉血氧含量差（Da-jvO₂）低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预后,研究组脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）高于对照组,髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、中枢神经特异性蛋白（S100β）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、β-内啡肽（β-EP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：重症病毒性脑炎合并吞咽障碍患儿采用OPT康复训练联合高压氧治疗,可显著改善吞咽功能、脑氧代谢、血清神经损害指标水平。     

森林生态系统健康评估I．模式、计算方法和指标体系

生态系统健康评估是21世纪生态系统学研究的主要内容和迫切任务之一．简单实用的生态系统健康评估理论和方法需要可操作性的概念和一个全面、简明、易操作且规范化的指标体系,它们是进行生态系统健康评估的基础．以阔叶红松林生态系统为例,从对森林生态系统健康的理解和评价出发。通过引入模式生态系统集的思想,提出了对森林生态系统健康理解的独创看法,并以此提出生态系统健康评估的新方法——健康距离(HD)法,并推导出计算公式．同时,针对阔叶红松林生态系统的系统特征和面临的各种具体健康问题,提出了基于自然-经济-社会复合生态系统属性的阔叶红松林生态系统健康评估指标体系,并具体到各度量指标,为下一步的健康评估打下基础．     

复发性口腔溃疡患者病情不同阶段口腔微生态菌群和细胞免疫功能的变化

目的 探讨复发性口腔溃疡(ROU)患者病情的不同阶段口腔微生态菌群和细胞免疫功能的变化。 方法 选取2012年1月至2018年12月在东阳市人民医院口腔科门诊就诊不同病情时期的ROU患者70例(研究组)和同期在该院体检中心检查的健康人群30例(健康组)。研究组根据病情不同时期将患者分为发作期38例(发作组)和愈合期32例(愈合组)。比较研究组和健康组以及发作组和愈合组口腔微生物菌群数量(链球菌、韦荣球菌和奈瑟菌)及细胞免疫功能指标(外周血CD4+、CD8+水平和CD4+/CD8+比值)的差异。 结果 研究组链球菌、韦荣球菌和奈瑟菌数量[(9.05±0.84)、(9.94±0.86)、(10.02±0.81)copies/mL]均明显少于健康组[(11.94±0.95)、(12.78±0.97)、(11.27±0.87)copies/mL](t=2.42、2.37、2.23,均P+水平和CD4+/CD8+比值[(34.92±4.34)%、(0.94±0.18)]明显低于健康组[(41.16±5.13)%、(1.27±0.23)],外周血CD8+水平[(37.14±3.62)%]明显高于健康组[(32.53±4.98)%](t=2.29、2.45、2.24,均P+水平和CD4+/CD8+比值[(32.26±4.63)%、(0.84±0.14)]明显低于愈合组[(38.08±5.26)%、(1.07±0.19)],外周血CD8+水平[(38.55±5.12)%]明显高于愈合组[(35.46±4.87)%](t=2.30、2.38、2.19,均P结论 ROU患者存在口腔微生物菌群及细胞免疫功能失调,且溃疡发病期口腔微生物菌群及细胞免疫功能失调尤为显著。     

糜烂溃疡性口腔黏膜病患者治疗前后口腔菌群和龈沟液炎症因子及免疫功能变化

目的 探究糜烂溃疡性口腔黏膜病患者治疗前后口腔菌群、龈沟液炎症因子和免疫功能变化,并分析口腔菌群与龈沟液炎症因子、免疫功能的关系。方法 选取2020年10月至2023年10月我院收治的80例糜烂溃疡性口腔黏膜病患者为研究对象。所有患者均采用曲安奈德联合重组人表皮生长因子治疗,比较治疗前后患者口腔菌群、龈沟液炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]、免疫功能（CD4+、CD8+、NK细胞）的变化,并采用Pearson相关分析法分析糜烂溃疡性口腔黏膜病患者口腔菌群与龈沟液炎症因子及免疫功能的关系。结果 与治疗前相比,治疗后患者TNF-α、CRP、IL-6水平均降低（P<0.05）。与治疗前相比,治疗后患者CD4+细胞比例升高,CD8+及NK细胞比例均降低（均P<0.05）。在属水平上,患者治疗前后口腔中链球菌属（Streptococcus）、奈瑟菌属（Neisseria）及韦荣菌属（Veillonella）的丰度差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。在门水平上,患者治疗后口腔中厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）丰度均显著上升,拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、梭菌门（Fusobacteria）丰度均显著下降（均P<0.05）。Alpha多样性分析显示,治疗后患者口腔菌群Chao1指数、Observed species指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数均较治疗前升高（均P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,糜烂溃疡性口腔黏膜病患者Streptococcus、 Neisseria、 Veillonella、 Firmicutes、 Actinobacteria、 Chao1指数、Observed species指数、Shannon指数及Simpson指数与TNF-α、CRP、IL-6、CD8+、NK细胞均呈负相关,与CD4+细胞呈正相关（均P<0.05）; Bacteroidetes、 Proteobacteria、 Fusobacteria与TNF-α、 CRP、 IL-6、 CD8+、NK细胞均呈正相关,与CD4+细胞呈负相关（均P<0.05）。结论 经过治疗,糜烂溃疡性口腔黏膜病患者口腔菌群结构发生改变,龈沟液炎症因子水平下降,免疫功能增强。糜烂溃疡性口腔黏膜病患者口腔菌群的改变可能与龈沟液炎症因子及免疫功能有关。     

Oral health‐related quality of life in hospitalised stroke patients

doi:10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2009.00330.x
Oral health‐related quality of life in hospitalised stroke patients Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that impairment of orofacial function following stroke affects the patients’ oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). Material and methods: From the University Hospitals of Geneva, 31 stroke patients (18 men, 13 women, mean age 69.0 ± 12.7 years) with unilateral facial and limb palsy were recruited (patient group, PG). In the study, the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)‐EDENT was utilised to assess OHRQoL. Further examinations comprised a test of masticatory efficiency and lip force, stroke severity National Institute of Health Stroke Scale and dental state. The control group (CG) consisted of 24 subjects with similar age, gender and dental state. Results: The PG mean OHIP‐EDENT sum score was 18.8 ± 15.5 and proved higher than one of the CG, indicating a lower OHRQoL in the PG (p < 0.01). The score of the sub‐domains ‘functional limitation’ and ‘physical pain’ were significantly higher in PG (p < 0.03 and p < 0.02, respectively). The masticatory efficiency was significantly lower in the PG (p < 0.0001) and was associated with the OHIP‐EDENT sum score and its sub‐domains, except for ‘physical disability’. This effect was not present in the CG. Conclusion: The OHRQoL is significantly reduced in hospitalised stroke patients whereby functional impairment seems predominant when compared with psychological and psycho‐social aspects.     

小儿消积止咳口服液辅助治疗对肺炎支原体肺炎患儿呼吸肺功能和Th1/Th2免疫应答的影响

摘要 目的：观察小儿消积止咳口服液辅助治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）的疗效及对呼吸肺功能和Th1/Th2免疫应答的影响。方法：选择我院2019年9月到2021年9月期间收治的MPP患儿80例。根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=40）和研究组（n=40）,对照组患儿接受大环内酯类药物治疗,研究组患儿在对照组的基础上辅助小儿消积止咳口服液治疗,对比两组疗效、呼吸肺功能、Th1/Th2免疫应答和不良反应。结果：与对照组的临床总有效率相比,研究组的明显升高（P<0.05）。两组治疗7 d后用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、最大呼气流量（PEF）均较治疗前升高,且研究组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗7 d后Th1细胞因子干扰素γ ( IFN-γ) 的水平、Th2细胞因子白介素-6（IL-6）均较治疗前下降,IFN-γ/IL-6较治疗前升高,且研究组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组均有不良反应发生,但组间对比未见明显统计学差异（P>0.05）。研究组的肺部啰音消失时间、咳嗽消失时间、X线阴影消失时间、退热时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：小儿消积止咳口服液辅助治疗儿童MPP,可提高治疗效果,改善呼吸肺功能和Th1/Th2免疫应答,且未见明显不良反应增加,效果显著。     

人参养荣汤联合穴位贴敷对冠心病PCI术后患者血脂、心功能和Th1/Th2型细胞因子的影响

摘要 目的：观察人参养荣汤联合穴位贴敷对冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）后患者血脂、心功能和辅助性T细胞1（Th1）/Th2型细胞因子的影响。方法：选取2020年2月~2022年12月期间在我院接收的冠心病PCI术后患者142例。采用双色球法将患者分为对照组（71例,常规西医治疗+穴位贴敷）和实验组（71例,对照组的基础上接受人参养荣汤）,均治疗4周。观察并比较两组中医证候积分、心功能指标[左心室射血分数（LVEF）和每分心输出量（CO）]、血脂四项指标[三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）]、Th1/Th2型细胞因子[子γ干扰素（IFN-γ）、白细胞介素（IL）-2、IL-4、IL-10]。同时记录两组治疗结束半年内心血管不良事件发生率。结果：两组治疗后主症评分、次症评分、总评分下降,实验组低于照组,数据比较有差异（P<0.05）。治疗后两组LVEF和CO均升高,实验组高于对照组,数据比较有差异（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,实验组治疗后HDL-C高于对照组,TG、TC、LDL-C低于对照组,数据比较有差异（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,治疗后实验组的IL-4、IL-10更高,而IFN-γ、IL-2更低,数据比较有差异（P<0.05）。两组心血管不良事件发生率对比未见统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：人参养荣汤联合穴位贴敷用于冠心病PCI术后患者,可改善患者的血脂和心功能,调节Th1/Th2型细胞因子,促进临床转归。     

Plasma appearance and tissue accumulation of non-esterified, free astaxanthin in C57BL/6 mice after oral dosing of a disodium disuccinate diester of astaxanthin (Heptax)

Oral bioavailability of natural and synthetic carotenoids is generally poor in rodents, and this has limited the ability to test these antioxidant compounds in well-defined rodent models of human disease. Various strategies have been employed, with variable success, to increase the percentage of the total oral dose absorbed by the rodent GI tract. In the current study, a novel carotenoid derivative (the disodium disuccinate diester of astaxanthin; Heptax) was administered by oral gavage in a lipophilic emulsion to C57BL/6 mice. Plasma appearance and tissue accumulation of non-esterified, free astaxanthin was studied by HPLC over 72 h after single- and multiple-dose regimens. One-time dosing of Heptax in emulsion at 500 mg/kg resulted in significant appearance of free astaxanthin in plasma (Cmax=0.2 mg/l; 381 nM) and accumulation in solid organs (e.g. liver Cmax=0.9 mg/l; 1735 nM), levels not previously reported after single carotenoid doses in rodents. At each point in the concentration/time curve (AUC), free astaxanthin levels in liver were greater than the corresponding concentration in plasma, suggesting concentrative uptake by the liver. As the ED50 as an antioxidant for non-esterified, free astaxanthin in model systems is approximately 200 nM, the current results suggest that hepatoprotection against oxidative insults may be achieved after a single dose of Heptax in these animals. In humans, where the bioavailability of oral carotenoids ranges from 40 to 60% of the total dose when given in lipophilic vehicle, much smaller oral doses may be utilized for therapeutic benefit in a particular clinical application.     

Development of health biotechnology in developing countries: Can private-sector players be the prime movers?

Health biotechnology has rapidly become vital in helping healthcare systems meet the needs of the poor in developing countries. This key industry also generates revenue and creates employment opportunities in these countries. To successfully develop biotechnology industries in developing nations, it is critical to understand and improve the system of health innovation, as well as the role of each innovative sector and the linkages between the sectors. Countries' science and technology capacities can be strengthened only if there are non-linear linkages and strong interrelations among players throughout the innovation process; these relationships generate and transfer knowledge related to commercialization of the innovative health products. The private sector is one of the main actors in healthcare innovation, contributing significantly to the development of health biotechnology via knowledge, expertise, resources and relationships to translate basic research and development into new commercial products and innovative processes. The role of the private sector has been increasingly recognized and emphasized by governments, agencies and international organizations. Many partnerships between the public and private sector have been established to leverage the potential of the private sector to produce more affordable healthcare products. Several developing countries that have been actively involved in health biotechnology are becoming the main players in this industry. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of the private sector in health biotechnology development and to study its impact on health and economic growth through case studies in South Korea, India and Brazil. The paper also discussed the approaches by which the private sector can improve the health and economic status of the poor.     

Associations of the PTEN − 9C>G polymorphism with insulin sensitivity and central obesity in Chinese

Background

Phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 gene (PTEN) is known as a tumor-suppressor gene. Previous studies demonstrated that PTEN dysfunction affects the function of insulin. However, investigations of PTEN single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and IR-related disease associations are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether its polymorphism could be involved in the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods

The genotype frequency of PTEN − 9C>G polymorphism was determined by using a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method in 530 subjects with MetS and 202 healthy control subjects of the Han Ethnic Chinese population in a case–control analysis.

Results

The PTEN − 9C>G polymorphism was not associated with MetS or its hyperglycemia, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia components. In the control individuals aged < 60 years or ≥ 60 years, the CG genotype individuals had lower insulin sensitivity than CC individuals (P < 0.05). In the < 60-year-old MetS group and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subgroup, the CG individuals had lower insulin sensitivity and higher waist circumference (WC) and waist-height-ratio (WHtR) than CC individuals (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the PTEN polymorphism (P = 0.001) contributed independently to 4.2% (adjusted R²) of insulin sensitivity variance (estimated by Matsuda ISI), while age (P = 0.004), gender (P = 0.000) and the PTEN polymorphism (P = 0.032) contributed independently to 5.6% (adjusted R²) of WHtR variance.

Conclusions

The CG genotype of PTEN − 9C>G polymorphism was not associated with MetS and some of its components as well. However, it may not only decrease insulin sensitivity in the healthy control and MetS in pre-elderly or NGT subjects, but may also increase the risk of central obesity among these MetS individuals.     

The MTMR9 rs2293855 polymorphism is associated with glucose tolerance,insulin secretion,insulin sensitivity and increased risk of prediabetes

Background

Polymorphism of rs2293855 in gene MTMR9 has been associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. We aim to study the association of rs2293855 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) intermediate phenotypes in a Han Chinese population.

Methods

The polymorphism was genotyped in 838 Han Chinese individuals using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS); all participants underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); associations between the polymorphism and glucose tolerance, indices of insulin secretion and indices of insulin sensitivity were analyzed.

Results

The frequency of genotypes and alleles differed significantly between normal glucose tolerance and prediabetes (P = 0.043 and P = 0.009, respectively). The GG homozygous presented higher fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.009), higher 2-hour plasma glucose (P = 0.024) and higher glucose area under the curve (AUC, P = 0.01). Moreover, the G allele of rs2293855 was associated with glucose intolerance (fasting glucose, P = 0.012; glucose AUC, P = 0.006; 2-h glucose, P = 0.024); it is also associated with decreased indices of insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin, P = 0.043; insulin sensitivity index composite, P = 0.009; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, P = 0.008) and decreased indices of insulin secretion (HOMA of beta cell function, HOMA-B, P = 0.028; insulinogenic index, P = 0.003). In addition, the minor allele G was also associated with increased risk of prediabetes (OR = 1.463, 95%CI: 1.066–2.009, P = 0.018).

Conclusions

Polymorphism of rs2293855 in MTMR9 is associated with measures of glucose tolerance, indices of insulin secretion and indices of insulin sensitivity. We also suggest that allele G is likely to increase the risk of prediabetes by influencing both insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.