Nuclear pore complex imaged at three different resolutions by confocal, expansion, and Ex‐STED microscopy, respectively. NUP become a ruler to measure the expansion process. Further details can be found in the article by Luca Pesce, Marco Cozzolino, Luca Lanzanò, Alberto Diaspro, and Paolo Bianchini ( e201900018 ).
A wearable device based on fiber optic biosensor for high‐precision radial pulse wave monitoring and diagnosis is proposed and demonstrated in this article. Owing to the high sensitivity of the tiny fiber tip with aluminum diaphragm assembled in the sportswristband, weak acoustic signal induced by arterial pulse can be high‐fidelity recovered and then quantitatively analyzed for clinical diagnosis, which is promising in early cardiovascular diseases indicating. Further details can be found in the article by Jingyi Wang, Kewei Liu, Qizhen Sun, et al. ( e201900084 ).
CARS microscopy was employed to monitor the reorganization of intracellular lipids and proteins, as well as cellular transformations, after irradiation with near infrared (NIR) light. NIR light was shown to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner. The progression of apoptosis assessed with CARS microscopy is apparently associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species followed by an excessive formation of lipid droplets and their peroxidation. Further details can be found in the article by Svitlana M. Levchenko, Andrey N. Kuzmin, Artem Pliss, et al. ( e201900179 )
The newly developed Raman ChemLighter allows the real‐time acquisition of spectroscopic data using a handheld probe. By intelligently combining the fiber‐based imaging approach with computational modeling, we can directly extract molecular information of a sample provide augmented chemical reality to visualize chemistry. Further details can be found in the article by Wei Yang, Abdullah S. Mondol, Clara Stiebing, Laura Marcu, Jürgen Popp, Iwan W. Schie ( e201800447 ).
The nuclei of epithelial cells in stratified squamous epithelia have been reported to be either low scattering or high scattering. Using micro‐optical coherence tomography, we demonstrate that the nuclei are ‘low scattering’ in the core; those previously reported ‘high‐scattering’ signals are likely from the nucleocytoplasmic boundary. Further details can be found in the article by Si Chen, Xinyu Liu, Nanshuo Wang, et al. ( e201900073 ).
Monitoring the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability plays a key role in assessing drug release with high resolution. In this work, with the help of optical clearing skull window, we not only realized non‐invasive BBB opening by photodynamic therapy, but also developed a method based on spectral‐imaging to in vivo dynamically monitor the changes in BBB permeability. Further details can be found in the article by Wei Feng, Chao Zhang, Tingting Yu, et al. ( e201800330 ).
Interstitial photodynamic therapy (iPDT) planning aims to minimize the damage to organs‐at‐risk (OAR), while maximizing dose coverage of the tumor by optimizing the number of light diffusers, their positions and their allocated powers. The cover describes a new degree of freedom to optimize upon in iPDT, namely diffusers' power emission profiles. The tool generates manufacturable customized emission profiles that lead to better conformation to brain tumor shapes, resulting in 50% further minimization of damage to OAR. Background image is taken from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Further details can be found in the article by Abdul‐Amir Yassine, Lothar Lilge, and Vaughn Betz ( e201800153 ).
Raster Scanning Optoacoustic Mesoscopy (RSOM) is a novel optoacoustic imaging modality that offers non‐invasive, label‐free, high resolution (~7 µm axial, ~30 µm lateral) imaging up to 1–2 mm below the skin. This paper aims to provide quantitative estimation of specific imaging metrics, like total blood volume, vessel diameter, and melanin signal intensity for in vivo skin imaging of human subjects with Fitzpatrick (FP) skin types between II to V. Further details can be found in the article by Xiuting Li, Dinish U. S., Juan Aguirre, et al. ( e201800442 ).
In this work, intravital multiphoton microscopy was used to image and quantify hepatobiliary metabolism of 6‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate in the recovery of acetaminophen‐overdose mice. It was found that the excretion of the probe molecule was time‐dependent and hepatobiliary metabolism is higher in recovered mice, suggesting that newly regenerated hepatocytes have higher metabolic capabilities. This approach may be further developed applied to studying drug‐induced hepatotoxicity in vivo. Further details can be found in the article by Feng‐Chieh Li, Sheng‐Lin Lee, Hung‐Ming Lin, et al. ( e201800296 ).
Top row is time‐lapse, multiphoton imaging of induced chondrogenesis from stem cells. The second row shows the time‐lapse second harmonic generation imaging of generated collagen. However, only the third row of second order susceptibility imaging allows the differentiation of the content of the two types of collagen (I and II) that were produced over time. The method allows the noninvasive and label‐free discrimination of different collagen species in real time and can be used for quality control in tissue engineering. Further details can be found in the article by Chiu‐Mei Hsueh, Hung‐Ming Lin, Te‐Yu Tseng, et al. ( e201800097 ).
Label‐free optical projection tomography technique makes it possible for quantitative whole mouse embryo imaging without any exogenous contrast agent. Further details can be found in the article by Sungbea Ban, Nam Hyun Cho, Eunjung Min, et al. ( e201800481 ).
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) neuroimaging sensors use light source and detector pairs placed over scalp to measure underlying neurophysiology. Source detector separation (SDS) is a critical design parameter and should aim a balanced trade‐off for detected light intensity and sensitivity to brain tissue. In this study, we used multi‐layer digital head models to systematically evaluate the role of SDS on NIRS spatial sensitivity profiles within both healthy and clinical conditions. Further details can be found in the article by Lei Wang, Hasan Ayaz, and Meltem Izzetoglu ( e201900175 ).
This review is aimed at interpreting development and advantages of intravital imaging as an emerging invaluable methodology and summarizing related representative discoveries in bone physiologies and pathologies. It also indicates current limitations, further refinement, and extended application of intravital imaging in bone research. Further details can be found in the article by Yuhao Liu, Quan Yuan, and Shiwen Zhanget ( e201960075 ).
TP‐SAX microscopy images are shown in cyan, cyan hot, red, gray, and orange hot colors; TPFM images are in green color while the LSCM image is in magenta color. Our results show a spatial resolution enhancement for TP‐SAX (cyan image) even at 2.4 mm depth of a mouse brain in comparison with TPFM (green image) where scattering seriously degrades the PSF. Further details can be found in the article by Sandeep Chakraborty, Szu‐Yu Lee, Jye‐Chang Lee, Chen‐Tung Yen, and Chi‐Kuang Sun ( e201800136 ).
The tremendous enhancement factors possessed by surfaceenhanced Raman scattering (SERS), coupled with the flexibility of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), pave the way to a new generation of ultrasensitive biosensors. This review article aims to provide the latest advancement in SERS‐based PCF sensors for various biochemical applications. Such a sensitive biosensor could be translated for the detection of biomarkers in body fluids for early diagnosis of diseases. Further details can be found in the article by U. S Dinish, Flavien Beffara, Georges Humbert, Jean‐Louis Auguste, and Malini Olivo ( e201900027 ).
Photodynamic inactivation of prions by disulfonated hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanine. Further details can be found in the article by Marie Kostelanska, Jaroslav Freisleben, Zdenka Backovska Hanusova, et al. ( e201800430 ).
A novel, camera phone‐based laser speckle imager creates new possibilities for quantitative and noninvasive investigations into diagnosis and pathogenesis of cerebral malaria through the eye. In a longitudinal study, a camera‐phone imager detected decreased retinal blood flow speed as experimental cerebral malaria developed in a murine model. The device may ultimately permit recognition of the syndrome prior to the onset of clinical symptoms which is not currently possible. Further details can be found in the article by Itay Remer, Lorraine F. Pierre‐Destine, David Tay, Linnie M. Golightly, and Alberto Bilenca ( e201800098 ).
Currently there is no general gold standard to distinguish between Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal luminal tuberculosis tissues, which both have tuberculosis and surrounding fibrous structures. Here we demonstrate that the Mueller matrix derived polarimetric parameters can reveal the structural features of tuberculosis areas and be used as quantitative indicators to distinguish between Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal luminal tuberculosis tissues, which can be useful for the clinical diagnosis. Further details can be found in the article by Teng Liu, Min Lu, Binguo Chen, et al. ( e201900151 ).
A fast polarization‐resolved second harmonic generation microscope is implemented to map collagen orientation in thick and deforming tissues during mechanical assays. This system is based on line‐to‐line switching of the laser polarization using an electro‐optical modulator and works in epi‐detection geometry. After proper calibration, it successfully highlights the collagen dynamic alignment along the traction direction in ex vivo murine skin dermis. Further details can be found in the article by Guillaume Ducourthial, Jean‐Sébastien Affagard, Margaux Schmeltz, et al. ( e201800336 ).
