七重呼吸道病毒液相芯片核酸检测技术的初步建立

由呼吸道病毒引起的疾病严重威胁着人类的生命健康,为了建立一种快速高通量的呼吸道病毒核酸检测方法,本研究将多重PCR技术同液相芯片技术结合起来,针对呼吸道合胞病毒A型和B型、乙型流感病毒Victoria系和Yamagata系、甲型流感病毒H1型和H3型以及新冠病毒等常见的七种呼吸道病毒,初步建立了七重呼吸道病毒液相芯片核酸检测技术,评价了方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性,并使用来自安徽省疾控的25份临床急性期样本核酸对方法进行验证。结果显示,建立起的基于液相芯片多重核酸检测方法可特异性识别七种目标呼吸道病毒的靶基因序列,与包括副流感病毒在内的9种非目标呼吸道病毒无交叉反应。对七种病毒核酸进行十倍稀释液相检测,其中H3、BV、RSVB可以检出10²拷贝/μL,BY、RSVA和SARS-CoV-2可以检出10³拷贝/μL,对H1的检测限为10⁴拷贝/μL。25份样本核酸检测结果与实际相符。结果表明,本研究建立的七重呼吸道病毒液相芯片核酸检测技术具有特异性强、敏感性高、稳定性好等特点,可用于临床样本的快速检测,为呼吸道类传染病的液相...     

新城疫液相芯片快速检测方法的建立

目的：建立可检测新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus,NDV）的液相芯片快速检测技术。方法：用DNAStar软件对GEN-BANK中NDV的NP基因进行序列分析设计NDV特异性探针并标记生物素,利用该探针与荧光编码微球偶联后与抽提的NDV病毒RNA的RT-PCR产物杂交反应,用液相芯片检测仪（Liquichip 200）检测荧光信号建立了NDV快速液相芯片检测方法。结果：检测结果显示,该法具有较好的特异性,不与H5AIV和H9AIV反应;检测灵敏度达到150个EID50;该法与鸡胚病毒分离法检出NDV的符合率达到97.1%。结论：初步建立了检测NDV的液相芯片技术,为进一步搭建NDV全新快速高通量检测平台奠定了基础,也为其他同类病毒的快速高通量检测提供了借鉴和经验。     

应用PCR对尖锐湿疣和外耳道乳头状瘤中HPV DNA的分型检测

从手术切除的24例女性和12例男性尖锐湿疣新鲜标本中,以及42例女性尖锐湿疣、16例男性外耳道乳头状瘤和4例女性假性湿疣的石蜡包埋标本中,提取组织的基因组DNA,用人工合成的人乳头瘤病毒6.11和16型E6区特异性寡聚核苷酸引物,通过PCR进行HPV DNA的分型检测。结果66例女性尖锐湿疣中,感染HPV6型者4例,感染11型者12例,6+11型混合感染者49例;阴性1例,总检出率达98.4％。4例女性假性湿疣中1例为HPV6型感染,阳性率25％。16例男性外耳道乳头状瘤中HPV6+11型感染者5例,6+16型感染者3例,6+11+16型多重感染者8例,阳性率100％。12例男性尖锐湿疣中,HPV11型感染者7例,6+11型4例,阴性1例,总阳性率91.6％。还对细胞学上空泡化和非典型空泡化尖锐湿疣标本的HPV感染做了比较,未发现差异。     

DNA芯片技术及其在基因表达检测中的应用

随着人类基因组计划的顺利进行,预计到２００３年人类可以完全测出自身的基因组序列。届时,人类将进入后基因组时代。探明人类全部基因的结构及其表达调控将成为后基因组时代的一个重要目标,而进行基因表达的检测则是研究基因功能的一个重要环节。人类如此浩翰的基因,...     

高危型HPV检测在宫颈ASCUS分流及随访中的应用

目的:分析高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测对宫颈非典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)患者分流管理的作用,提高分流管理合理性。方法:对200例经液基薄层细胞学(TCT)检查确诊为ASCUS患者采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术(FQPCR)检测HPV分型,并进行病理活检。观察高位型HPV阳性率及分型及其与宫颈病变的关系。结果:200例患者中有101例检出高危型HPV阳性,阳性率为50.50%;病理活检确诊正常或炎症、宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ级、CINⅡ~Ⅲ级、鳞状细胞癌各有114例、32例、51例、3例,分别占57.00%、16.00%、25.50%、1.50%,高危型HPV阳性率分别为18.42%、87.50%、96.08%、100.00%,≥CINII级病变患者高危型HPV阳性率高于CINⅡ级组,差异比较有显著性(P0.05)。结论:高危型HPV检测可为宫颈ASCUS的合理分流提供可靠依据。     

HPV病毒检测分型芯片的研制和优化

研制和优化寡核苷酸芯片以初步实现对多种常见HPV(Human papillomavirus)病毒的分型检测.应用生物学软件对四型常见HPV病毒(6、11、16、18型)的全基因组序列进行分析,设计具有型特异性、熔解温度(Tm)相近的～60 mer寡核苷酸探针,对玻片片基进行优化处理后,点样制备成寡核苷酸基因芯片.将含HPV全长基因序列的质粒作为阳性标准品,利用梯度限制性荧光标记技术对其进行荧光标记,标记好的样品与芯片杂交.结果显示HPV样品与相应的型特异性探针杂交有明显的荧光信号,而与阴性对照探针和空白对照探针没有杂交信号.通过对芯片片基处理和样品荧光标记方法的优化,可以提高芯片检测的杂交特异性和荧光信号强度.     

PsV中和技术检测方法在HPV检测中的应用

目的:研究假病毒(pseudovirions,PsV)中和技术检测方法在人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测中的应用.方法:分别用基因芯片技术和PsV中和技术检测新疆伽师县夏普吐勒乡维族妇女血清HPV16感染率;数据用EpiData3.0录入和整理,运用SPSS13.0软件进行统计学处理和分析.结果:基因芯片技术检测HPV16感染率为6.1%,PsV中和技术检测HPV16感染率为7.0%,两种方法检测HPV16感染率差异无统计学意义(p>0.05).结论:PsV中和技术检测方法是一种方便,快捷的HPV抗体检测方法.     

实时荧光定量PCR检测HPV—DNA在宫颈癌筛查中应用

目的：探讨HPV感染与宫颈病变的关系。方法：对2008年2月-2009年3月期间在通山县人民医院皮肤性病科和妇科门诊就诊的1256位女性的宫颈拭子标本进行HPV DNA实时荧光定量PCR检测,比较不同宫颈病变级别组HPV的阳性率。结果：各病变组与正常组比较差异有显著性,P〈0.01,且随病变级别增加总阳性率逐渐上升。结论：HPV在人群具有较高的感染率,且HPV感染与宫颈病变的发生有关。实时荧光定量PCR检测HPV DNA可成为一种广泛应用的临床检验技术,作为筛查宫颈癌及癌前病变的首选方法。     

.液相芯片技术在检验医学和生物医学中的应用

 液相芯片技术是以100种不同荧光编码的微球作为探针的载体,生物分子间的反应在悬浮液态体系中进行的一类新的生物芯片技术.在这个灵活和开放的平台中可进行蛋白质、核酸等生物大分子的检测.液相芯片较传统的固相芯片的优势在于检测准确、信息质量稳定、可重复性好.液相芯片以其易于操作、高通量、高灵敏度、高准确度、高精密度以及宽的线性测定范围的特点,逐渐进入了临床诊断领域.     

PCR技术检测人乳头状瘤病毒DNA

本文用一对适合人乳头状瘤病毒DNA的通用PCR引物对临床阳性和正常组织进行了PCR扩增检测分析,阳性组织均得到一条特异性的DNA扩增片段,正常组织均没有任何扩增片段。阳性组织DNA扩增片段经克隆后进行DNA序列分析,证明该扩增片段确为目标DNA扩增片段。     

HPV Serology Testing Confirms High HPV Immunisation Coverage in England

Background

Reported human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in England is high, particularly in girls offered routine immunisation at age 12 years. Serological surveillance can be used to validate reported coverage and explore variations within it and changes in serological markers over time.

Methods

Residual serum specimens collected from females aged 15–19 years in 2010–2011 were tested for anti-HPV16 and HPV18 IgG by ELISA. Based on these results, females were classified as follows: seronegative, probable natural infection, probable vaccine-induced seropositivity, or possible natural infection/possible vaccine-induced seropositivity. The proportion of females with vaccine-induced seropositivity was compared to the reported vaccination coverage.

Results

Of 2146 specimens tested, 1380 (64%) were seropositive for both types HPV16 and HPV18 and 159 (7.4%) positive for only one HPV type. The IgG concentrations were far higher for those positive for both HPV types than those positive for only one HPV type. 1320 (62%) females were considered to have probable vaccine-induced seropositivity. Among vaccine-induced seropositives, antibody concentrations declined with increasing age at vaccination and increasing time since vaccination.

Conclusions

The proportion of females with vaccine-induced seropositivity was closest to the reported 3-dose coverage in those offered the vaccination at younger ages, with a greater discrepancy in the older females. This suggests either some under-reporting of immunisations of older females and/or that partial vaccination (i.e. one- or two-doses) has provided high antibody responses in 13–17 year olds.     

基因芯片技术在食品检测中的应用

基因芯片技术是鉴别微生物和转基因成分最有效的手段之一,为全面、快速、准确地进行食品安全检测提供了一个崭新的平台。本文阐明了近年来基因芯片技术在食品微生物、食品转基因成分等检测研究中的基本原理、方法和应用,并综述了基因芯片技术在食品检测中存在的问题、解决方法与发展方向。     

Primary Screening for Cervical Cancer Based on High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Detection and HPV 16 and HPV 18 Genotyping,in Comparison to Cytology

Objectives

The objective of the present study is to assess the performance of a high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test with individual HPV-16/HPV-18 genotyping as a method for primary cervical cancer screening compared with liquid-based cytology (LBC) in a population of Greek women taking part in routine cervical cancer screening.

Methods

The study, conducted by the “HEllenic Real life Multicentric cErvical Screening” (HERMES) study group, involved the recruitment of 4,009 women, aged 25–55, who took part in routine cervical screening at nine Gynecology Departments in Greece. At first visit cervical specimens were collected for LBC and HPV testing using the Roche Cobas 4800 system. Women found positive for either cytology or HPV were referred for colposcopy, whereas women negative for both tests will be retested after three years. The study is ongoing and the results of the first screening round are reported herein.

Results

Valid results for cytology and HPV testing were obtained for 3,993 women. The overall prevalence of HR-HPV was 12.7%, of HPV-16 2.7% and of HPV-18 1.4%. Of those referred for colposcopy, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) was detected in 41 women (1.07%). At the threshold of CIN2+, cytology [atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or worse] and HPV testing showed a sensitivity of 53.7% and 100% respectively, without change between age groups. Cytology and HPV testing showed specificity of 96.8% and 90.3% respectively, which was increased in older women (≥30) in comparison to younger ones (25–29). Genotyping for HPV16/18 had similar accuracy to cytology for the detection of CIN2+ (sensitivity: 58.5%; specificity 97.5%) as well as for triage to colposcopy (sensitivity: 58.5% vs 53.7% for cytology).

Conclusion

HPV testing has much better sensitivity than cytology to identify high-grade cervical lesions with slightly lower specificity. HPV testing with individual HPV-16/HPV-18 genotyping could represent a more accurate methodology for primary cervical cancer screening in comparison to liquid-based cytology, especially in older women.     

丙型肝炎病毒准种血清学检测技术的建立

目的:建立一种以血清学为基础的丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)准种检测技术。方法:自20份HCV血清中各挑选30个克隆进行测序比较,分析HCV准种的复杂程度;以HCV准种代表性抗原组合制备免疫芯片,用血清学检测技术分析上述20份HCV血清中的准种变异程度;比较两种方法之间的检出灵敏度和相关性。结果:测序法检出灵敏度为70.0%,血清学检测法检出灵敏度为95.0%,后者显著高于前者(P0.05);两种方法检测结果的相关性为74.7%(P0.01)。结论:血清学检测技术操作简单,且能够反映丙型肝炎患者的HCV准种变异程度,适于临床推广。     

Comparison of the Cobas 4800 HPV and HPV 9G DNA Chip Tests for Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Specimens of Women with Consecutive Positive HPV Tests But Negative Pap Smears

Detecting high-risk (HR) HPV is important for clinical management of women with persistent HPV-positive and Pap-negative results. The Cobas 4800 HPV test is the first FDA-approved HPV DNA test that can be used alone as a first-line screening tool. The HPV 9G DNA chip test is a PCR-based DNA microarray assay. We evaluated the patients of consecutive HPV-positivity on HPV 9G DNA chip test without cytologic abnormalities. We then compared the performances of HPV 9G DNA chip and the Cobas 4800 HPV tests for detecting HR HPV with each other and confirmed HPV genotyping using direct sequencing. All 214 liquid-based cytology specimens were collected from 100 women with consecutive HPV-positive and Pap-negative results on the HPV 9G DNA chip test between May 2012 and Dec 2013, but only 180 specimens were available for comparing HPV test results. The HPV 9G DNA chip and the Cobas 4800 HPV tests agreed with each other in 81.7% of the samples, and the concordance rate was greater than 97.2% for detecting HPV-16 or -18. For HR genotypes other than HPV types 16 and 18, the two tests agreed for 81.1% of the samples. The sensitivity of both assays for detecting HR HPV was 100%, regardless of HR genotypes. The HPV 9G DNA chip test may be as effective as the Cobas 4800 HPV test in detecting HR HPV, and has a similar ability to identify HPV-16 and -18.     

Comparison of Fluorescent-Antibody Methods and Enrichment Serology for the Detection of Salmonella

Four rapid methods for detection of Salmonella, (i) the conventional fluorescent-antibody (FA) technique, (ii) a rapid direct FA technique, (iii) microcolony FA, and (iv) enrichment serology (ES), were compared with conventional cultural procedures. A total of 347 subsamples representing 16 different food prototypes, alleged to be naturally contaminated with Salmonella, were analyzed. From these samples, 52 were found to contain Salmonella by cultural methods. Conventional FA identified all 52 culturally positive samples, ES identified 51, microcolony FA identified 48, and the rapid FA method identified 34. The number of false-positive samples for each procedure was: ES-selenite, 7; tetrathionate, 8; rapid FA, 26; microcolony FA, 33; conventional FA-selenite, 27; tetrathionate, 26. Tetrathionate enrichment was found to be superior to selenite for Salmonella recovery from most foods, but the concurrent use of both media allowed maximum recovery.     

四种黄单胞菌的基因芯片检测方法的建立

结合双重PCR和基因芯片技术同时检测和鉴定我国检疫性细菌,包括水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,Xoo)、水稻细菌性条斑病菌(X.oryzae pv.oryzicola,Xooc)、柑桔溃疡病菌(X.axonopodis pv.citri,Xac)以及严重危害十字花科作物的甘蓝黑腐病菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris,Xcc)。以铁载体受体(Putative siderophore receptor)基因序列和RNA多聚酶西格玛因子(RNA polymerase sigma factor,rpoD)基因序列为靶标,设计引物和特异性探针能够同时检测这4种重要的病原菌。对17个细菌菌株进行芯片检测,仅4种靶标菌得到阳性结果,证明此方法具有很高的特异性。4种致病菌基因组DNA的检测灵敏度约为3 pg。检测结果表明,建立的基因芯片检测方法特异性强,能实现上述4种黄单胞菌的准确检测和鉴定,具有良好的应用前景。     

HPV检测在宫颈癌、宫颈癌前病变及宫颈炎患者中的临床应用

目的:研究人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)检测在宫颈癌、宫颈癌前病变及宫颈炎患者中的临床鉴别价值。方法:选取2013年5月到2015年5月我院确诊的宫颈病变临床资料320例,根据病理诊断结果将患者分为宫颈癌组(59例)、癌前病变组(138例)以及宫颈炎组(123例),检测并比较三组HPV阳性检出率、HPV相对含量以及HPV-DNA亚型情况。结果:宫颈炎组HPV阳性检出率、HPV相对含量及HPV-DNA各亚型阳性率均显著低于癌前病变组和宫颈癌组,且癌前病变组均显著低于宫颈癌组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HPV有助于鉴别宫颈癌、宫颈癌前病变及宫颈炎,对宫颈病变治疗和预后具有评价作用。     

基于颜色判定的环介导等温扩增技术检测HPV6和HPV16

建立了一种基于颜色判定的简单、快速和灵敏的检测方法,即环介导等温核酸扩增技术(LAMP)应用于HPV6和HPV16亚型的检测。该技术设计分别对应于HPV6和16的E6和E7基因序列中6个区段的4条特异引物,在等温条件下(63℃)进行核酸扩增反应1h,在扩增前加入HNB染料(羟基萘酚蓝)作为反应指示剂,以HNB染料颜色的变化做为结果判定的标准,并经LA-320实时浊度仪和琼脂糖电泳证实。文中利用这种技术对13份已知的单重感染13种HPV不同亚型的临床样本进行了特异性分析,同时对2个含目的片段的克隆质粒的系列稀释物进行了灵敏度分析。结果显示LAMP方法特异性高,颜色法判断的灵敏度均为1000个拷贝DNA分子水平,比Real-time PCR低10～20倍,对62份宫颈刮片临床标本的HPV6和HPV16检出率和HPV分型试剂盒一致。因此,基于颜色判定的环介导等温扩增方法有望应用于人乳头瘤病毒HPV6和HPV16感染的快速筛选,具有在基层疾病预防控制中心和医院推广和应用的潜力。