Species traits explain recent range shifts of Finnish butterflies

This study provides a novel systematic comparative analysis of the species characteristics affecting the range margin shifts in butterflies towards higher latitudes, while taking phylogenetic relatedness among species into account. We related observed changes in the northern range margins of 48 butterfly species in Finland between two time periods (1992–1996 and 2000–2004) to 11 species traits. Species with positive records in at least ten 10 km × 10 km grid squares (in the Finnish National Butterfly Recording Scheme, NAFI) in both periods were included in the study. When corrected for range size change, the 48 butterfly species had shifted their range margins northwards on average by 59.9 km between the study periods, with maximum shifts of over 300 km for three species. This rate of range shifts exceeds all previously reported records worldwide. Our findings may be explained by two factors: the study region is situated in higher latitudes than in most previous studies and it focuses on the period of most prominent warming during the last 10–15 years. Several species traits exhibited a significant univariate relationship with the range margin shift according to generalized estimation equations (GEE) taking into account the phylogenetic relatedness among species. Nonthreatened butterflies had on average expanded their ranges strongly northwards (84.5 km), whereas the distributions of threatened species were stationary (−2.1 km). Hierarchical partitioning (HP) analysis indicated that mobile butterflies living in forest edges and using woody plants as their larval hosts exhibited largest range shifts towards the north. Thus, habitat availability and dispersal capacity of butterfly species are likely to determine whether they will be successful in shifting their ranges in response to the warming climate.     

Temporal patterns in the stability, persistence and condition of stream macroinvertebrate communities: relationships with catchment land-use and regional climate

1. A spatially‐extensive data set of stream macroinvertebrate communities from 49 northern New Zealand sites sampled over a 10‐year period was analysed to assess relationships between the environment (catchment land‐cover, landscape position and regional‐scale weather patterns), and (i) community persistence and stability based on the constancy of species occurrence (presence–absence) and abundance (per cent composition), respectively and (ii) the temporal variability of various community condition metrics. 2. No significant relationship was evident between community stability or persistence within sites and a gradient of increasing land‐use stress (LUS) based on types of upstream land‐cover, with interannual mean similarities at all sites falling within the standard deviations recorded at long‐term reference sites. In contrast, condition metrics were inversely related to LUS. Land‐use appeared to be a key factor influencing community composition among sites whereas climate influenced stability and persistence within sites. 3. Three response trajectories of community variability to increasing LUS were distinguished based on the coefficient of variation of mean interannual similarities, such that (i) persistence and stability appeared to be more variable at developed sites with low LUS and at sites with high stress relative to the variability experienced naturally, but similar to the natural range at intermediate levels of stress (‘sinusoidal response’); (ii) variability in Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera metrics increased at low‐to‐moderate stress and then accelerated rapidly at highly developed sites (‘stepped‐exponential response’) and (iii) variability in a pollution tolerance metric increased rapidly and then maintained a similar level of variability along the remaining stress gradient (‘plateau response’). 4. The results of this study have implications for biomonitoring approaches that assume high temporal persistence and stability of communities to define site impairment. Misclassifications caused by interannual variability could lead to misinterpretation of site condition, if conclusions are based on single annual surveys. Temporal variability in stability and persistence may help distinguish low levels of impairment where a predominantly healthy fauna experiences increased environmental fluctuations.     

青藏高原地区气候图解数据集

气候图解可以直观反映气象台站基本信息和气温、降水等气象数据,是研究植被与气候关系的有效方式。为便于了解青藏高原不同植被区域气候特征,进一步认识青藏高原植被与气候关系,该文基于1951–1980年与1981–2010年青藏高原地区国家地面气象台站基本信息和各30年平均观测数据,依据《中国植被》所述标准制作每个气象台站的气候图解。论文提供了青藏高原地区主要台站气候图解集,包括两个30年时间段共计205幅图解。研究表明:(1)青藏高原地区气温和降水总体水平偏低,前后30年年平均气温和年降水量整体呈上升趋势;(2)青藏高原地区各气象台站记录值随植被区域不同表现出较大差异。虽然青藏高原西部地区的气象台站数量很少,但该数据集仍涵盖了高原面上的不同植被地带,可有效运用于高原植被与气候关系研究,为展示高原气候环境等提供便利。     

鹞落坪国家级自然保护区蝶类多样性

通过对安徽省鹞落坪国家级自然保护区蝶类资源的调查 ,共发现蝶类 65种 ,隶属 1 0科 46属。区系分析结果表明 ,该地区蝶类呈现由东洋界向古北界过渡的特征。结合保护区的地理地貌、植被类型、土壤、气候等生态地理因素 ,分析了保护区蝶类的垂直分布特征     

The influence of temperature on migration of Lepidoptera into Britain

A unique 113‐year record of numbers of nine migrating butterflies and 20 migrating moths is examined in relation to temperatures on the migration route, to temperatures in England, and to the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). This study clearly reveals the strong association between numbers of migrant Lepidoptera and temperatures in France; with higher temperatures associated with increased migrant numbers. The NAO also appears influential with high index years associated with increased numbers. The strong temperature link suggests that Britain and other northern temperate countries can expect to receive larger numbers of migrant Lepidoptera if climate warms as predicted in the 21st century.     

Prehistorical climate change increased diversification of a group of butterflies

Satyrinae butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and grasses (Poaceae) are very diverse and distributed worldwide. Most Satyrinae use grasses as host plants, but the temporal scale of this tight association is not known. Here, we present a phylogenetic study of Satyrinae butterflies and related groups, based on 5.1 kilobases from six gene regions and 238 morphological characters for all major lineages in the 'satyrine clade'. Estimates of divergence times calibrated using a fossil from the Late Oligocene indicate that the species-rich tribe Satyrini diversified to its current 2200 species simultaneously with the expansion and radiation of grasses during the dramatic cooling and drying up of the Earth in the Oligocene. We suggest that the adaptive radiation of grass feeders in Satyrini has been facilitated by the ubiquitousness of grasses since 25Myr ago, which was triggered by a change in global climate.     

南岳蝶类区系构成及垂直分布

通过调查发现 ,南岳共有 1 1 7种蝶类昆虫。区系分析结果表明 ,南岳蝶类以东洋成分为主 ;南岳蝶类的垂直分布从山麓到山顶 ,随着海拔的升高 ,东洋种类递减 ,古北成分逐渐增多 ,尤以海拔 85 0m以上更加明显 ;在海拔 1 2 5 0m以上 ,东洋界种被古北及古北跨区种所替代。     

江西武夷山自然保护区蝶类区系结构及垂直分布

据有较详细分布资料的227种蝶类昆虫分析,武夷山蝶类属东洋界范畴;垂直分布研究结果表明,武夷山蝶类从山麓至山顶,随着海拔升高,东洋界种类递减,古北界成分逐渐增多,尤以海拔1100m以上更加明显;在海拔1800m以上东洋界种被古北及古北跨区系种所替代。本文对武夷山蝶类水平分布的南北限和垂直分布的上限及它们的相互关系作了探讨。     

危害青檀的新物种——青檀绵叶蚜在中国的潜在地理分布

【背景】青檀绵叶蚜是近几年在山东枣庄市发现危害青檀的新物种,该蚜虫对青檀造成了一定的危害。【方法】2013年对山东和安徽青檀分布地实地调查确定青檀绵叶蚜的分布情况,并结合我国环境变量,采用Maxent生态位模型对青檀绵叶蚜在中国的潜在地理分布进行预测。【结果】青檀绵叶蚜潜在高风险区大面积集中在山东,江苏和北京有零星分布;中风险区大面积集中在河北、河南、安徽和江苏;低风险区集中在山西、四川、江西、辽宁、湖北、湖南和浙江等地区。【结论与意义】青檀绵叶蚜潜在分布区集中在中国中东部地区,这对青檀分布地区预防青檀绵叶蚜发生有重要意义。