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1.
The Middle East is at the southeastern borderline of the range of the subterranean amphipod Niphargus. The review of new and published data identified two new species and set the guidelines for the future research in the area. The genus in this part of the world seems to be insufficiently studied. The taxonomic status of Niphargus valachicus, population identified as N. spoeckeri and some populations, identified as N. nadarini, need to be reviewed. According to present data, we expect the highest diversity in Western Turkey. The eventual new records of the genus in the Middle East can be expected from those areas where even the longest periods of drought in the recent geological history did not affect the water supply. 相似文献
2.
L. B. Golovneva 《Paleontological Journal》2007,41(11):1077-1090
Three new species of the genus Sapindopsis Fontaine from Central Asia and western Siberia are described: S. neuburgae (Vachr.) Golovn., comb. nov., S. janschinii (Vachr.) Golovn., comb. nov., and S. kryshtofovichii (I. Lebed.) Golovn., comb. nov. Geographical and stratigraphic analyses have shown that the genus evolved in Eurasia from
the Middle Albian to the Cenomanian, and was mostly restricted to the subtropics of the Euro-Sinian phytogeographic area from
the Middle East to Russian Primorye and northern China. The are no reliable records of Sapindopsis from Europe. The migration of Sapindopsis from North America to Eurasia through the Bering Land Bridge was most probably related to the Early-Middle Albian climatic
optimum. 相似文献
3.
G. P. Rightmire 《Human Evolution》2000,15(1-2):63-74
Patterns of human evolution in the Middle Pleistocene remain poorly understood. There is general consensus that by the onset
of this time period, populations ofHomo erectus were dispersed from Africa into Eurasia, including the Far East. In the western part of this range (perhaps in Africa),Homo erectus then produced a daughter lineage exhibiting more advanced characters of the face, braincase and cranial base. How this new
species should be defined is currently debated. In my view, fossils from sites such as Bodo and Broken Hill in Africa may
be lumped with material from earlier Middle Pleistocene localities in Europe. Such a taxon is appropriately namedHomo heidelbergensis. Whether the hypodigm should be extended to include fossils from China is another question. In any case, this group of hominids
is plausibly ancestral to both the specialized Neanderthals of Europe and more modern humans of the later Middle Pleistocene. 相似文献
4.
A. Kiros-Meles D. Gomez B. A. McDonald A. Yahyaoui C. C. Linde 《Biological invasions》2011,13(2):321-330
Rhynchosporium commune was recently introduced into the Middle East, presumably with the cultivated host barley (Hordeum vulgare). Middle Eastern populations of R. commune on cultivated barley and wild barley (H. spontaneum) were genetically undifferentiated and shared a high proportion of multilocus haplotypes. This suggests that there has been
little selection for host specialization on H. spontaneum, a host population often used as a source of resistance genes introduced into its domesticated counterpart, H. vulgare. Low levels of pathogen genetic diversity on H. vulgare as well as on H. spontaneum, indicate that the pathogen was introduced recently into the Middle East, perhaps through immigration on infected cultivated
barley seeds, and then invaded the wild barley population. Although it has not been documented, the introduction of the pathogen
into the Middle East may have a negative influence on the biodiversity of native Hordeum species. 相似文献
5.
A new model may resolve the problem of when and where did appear anatomically modern humans. According to this model, Neanderthals
were probably neither our ancestor nor different species.Homo sapiens appeared probably in the Middle East, approximately 150 ka ago and differentiated to anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals
because of the genetic programme. The fossils older than 150 ka are probably not Neanderthal such as Zuttiyeh and Biache-Saint-Vaast
specimens. Cultural capacities of Neanderthals were probably equivalent to Moderns. Most of pre-Homo sapiens populations may be extinct without replacement byHomo sapiens. Language and modern behaviour should have arisen with our own species. 相似文献
6.
The univoltine weevilPachycerus cordiger Germar (=P. scabrosus Brullé) completes its life cycle on species of Boraginaceae, it is found from western Europe to the Middle East. In southern
France, adultP. cordiger were collected feeding on the leaves ofHeliotropium europaeum L.,Echium vulgare L. andCynoglossum creticum Miller, whereas larvae were found feeding externally on the roots of the three plant species from within an earthen cell.
BecauseP. cordiger is considered too much of a generalist to be released in Australia, work on the weevil as a potential biological control
agent ofH. europaeum has been stopped. 相似文献
7.
Rhynchosporium secalis is an important pathogen of barley globally. Fourteen polymorphic microsatellites were analyzed for 1664 R. secalis isolates sampled from 37 field populations to infer their demographic history. The results falsified the hypothesis that R. secalis co-evolved with its barley host in the Middle East. Populations from Scandinavia had significantly higher allelic diversities, the greatest number of private alleles and the highest genotypic diversities. All but three of the analyzed populations had an excess of gene diversity compared to the number of alleles, consistent with a recent population bottleneck. The remaining populations had a gene diversity deficit consistent with a population expansion following a recent population bottleneck in the last ±100 years. A coalescent analysis revealed that the effective population sizes based on θ, of the analyzed populations were small relative to their ancestral population sizes, indicating that only a fraction of the diversity present in the ancestral populations was transmitted into current populations. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the pathogen population on barley experienced a selection bottleneck imposed by the host and/or are founder populations. The mean estimate of migration rates was 2.2 (avg 90% confidence interval = 1.3–3.1). Major migration routes were identified among populations separated by long distances, eg between South Africa and Australia, as well as among North Africa, the Middle East and California, suggesting contemporary exchange of infected barley seed. In contrast with earlier findings, most populations exhibited significant gametic disequilibrium, probably as a result of genetic drift. We conclude that the majority of R. secalis populations have experienced human-mediated migration that led to numerous and relatively recent founder events around the world. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of bryology》2013,35(4):561-567
Abstract Gymnostomum calcareum Nees &; Hornsch., G. viridulum Brid. and G. mosis (Lor.) Jur &; Milde are recognized as distinct species on the basis of their morphology and from culture studies. The best distinguishing characters are the elongated leaves of G. calcareum, the biseriate axillary and protonema-gemmae of G. viridulum,and the bistratose regions near the leaf margins, and nerve 50 μm wide, in G. mosis. Sporophytes are unknown in G. mosis. G. calcareum has a world-wide distribution, G. viridulum occurs in southern Europe, north Africa and the Middle East, and G. mosis seems to be confined to the Middle East. 相似文献
9.
Tilapia zillii is a polyphilic, guarding nest spawner which is widespread in west and north Africa and in the Middle East. A study of the nesting and courtship behaviour of this species in Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee), revealed that nesting and brood care differ according to the exposure of the nesting site to wave action and the nature of the substrate. The nests are simple and parental care is abbreviated in exposed, sandy sites whereas elaborate nests with brood chambers are excavated in sheltered areas with clayey substrates, and parental care is extensive. The implications of these findings to studies on cichlid breeding and the conservation ofT. zillii in Lake Kinneret are discussed. 相似文献
10.
During the winter of 2003–2004 feces were collected from a winter colony of the long-fingered bat (Myotis capaccinii) in the Hazorea cave (north-west Israel). Of the 1913 feces that were examined, 234 contained scales of Gambusia affinis – a small fish that had been introduced to Israel around 1920 in order to control mosquito larvae. The remains of spiders and five insect orders were also represented in the feces. This is the first report of a piscivorous bat in the Middle East and the first finding of fish remains in the feces of M. capaccinii. The findings show that in the north of Israel this species does not hibernate but remains active throughout the winter. It appears that the consumption of G. affinis reflects a change in the diet of these bats from insectivory to semi-piscivory. 相似文献
11.
While it has been widely suggested that freshwater fishes from East Asia invaded the western Palaearctic, details about this
process are largely unknown. Here, using the cytochrome b gene, we evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of a small group of Eurasian primary freshwater fishes (Cobitidae), which
are widely distributed and species rich in East Asia and Europe, with the purpose of inferring their invasion process of Europe
from East Asia. Though phylogenetic relationships of cobitids were not well resolved, our analysis could identify three sister
groups formed by the European and East Asian cobitids, which brought new insights into the biogeography of the genera Cobitis, Misgurnus, and Sabanejewia. The present results support the view that Asian cobitid fishes may have invaded Europe at least five times independently,
and once reverse colonization of European cobitids to East Asia could also be found. Ancestral Sabanejewia might have been the first cobitids to cross Siberia and invade the EMZS (Euro-Mediterranean zoogeographic subregion) about
33.54 million years ago (MYA). One lineage of Cobitis and the ancestor of Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus) almost in the same time invaded the Europe, responding to 16.71 MYA and 16.59 MYA, respectively. Three different
lineages of Cobitis were found to have invaded the EMZS from East Asia, and once reverse invasion to East Asia occurred to one subclade of European
Cobitis. And our data also suggest that the diversity of East Asian cobitid fishes, especially of the genus Cobitis, is greatly underestimated.
Handling editor: C. Sturmbauer 相似文献
12.
13.
Morris B. Sutton Travis Rayne Pickering Robyn Pickering C.K. Brain Ronald J. Clarke Jason L. Heaton Kathleen Kuman 《Journal of human evolution》2009,57(6):688-696
We report on new research at Swartkrans Cave, South Africa, that provides evidence of two previously unrealized artifact- and fossil-bearing deposits. These deposits underlie a speleothem dated by the uranium-thorium disequilibrium technique to 110,000 ± 1,980 years old, the first tightly constrained, geochronological date available for the site. Recovered fauna from the two underlying deposits—including, prominently, the dental remains of Paranthropus (Australopithecus) robustus from the uppermost layer (Talus Cone Deposit)—indicate a significantly older, late Pliocene or early Pleistocene age for these units. The lowest unit (LB East Extension) is inferred to be an eastward extension of the well-known Lower Bank of Member 1, the earliest surviving infill represented at the site. The date acquired from the speleothem also sets the maximum age of a rich Middle Stone Age lithic assemblage. 相似文献
14.
The genetic variability of five natural populations ofNajas marina L., i.e. one diploid of subsp.marina (Europe), two of subsp.intermedia (Europe) and both a diploid (C. Africa) and a tetraploid (Middle East) of subsp.armata, has been estimated by means of electrophoretic studies. These populations differ in their morphology and karyotype. Emphasis is placed on the characteristics and status of a tetraploid cytotype from Merkaz Sappir (Israel). Almost all the variation observed is expressed in seed alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The differences are in a unique allele of theAdh-2 locus and in the formation of novel heteromeric isozymes.Adh genes in seeds can be used as a marker for the autotetraploid character. The other enzyme systems tested failed in this respect. The genetic variability based on 23 loci is rather low. Nevertheless, the autotetraploid population has a higher or equal ratio of polymorphic loci than the related diploids. Cluster analysis illustrated not only thatNajas marina subsp.marina has diverged much from subsp.intermedia and subsp.armata, but also showed the difference between the latter two taxa, as well as the intermediate position of the autotetraploid population. 相似文献
15.
Fady B Lefèvre F Reynaud M Vendramin GG Bou Dagher-Kharrat M Anzidei M Pastorelli R Savouré A Bariteau M 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(6):1132-1138
Hybridization and introgression are important natural evolutionary processes that can be successfully investigated using molecular markers and open- and controlled-pollinated progeny. In this study, we collected open-pollinated seeds from Cedrus atlantica, Cedrus libani and C. libani × C. atlantica hybrids from three French-plantation forests. We also used pollen from C. libani and Cedrus brevifolia to pollinate C. atlantica trees. The progeny were analyzed using three different types of molecular markers: RAPDs, AFLPs and cpSSRs. Chloroplast DNA was found to be paternally inherited in Cedrus from the progeny of controlled-crosses. Heteroplasmy, although possible, could not be undoubtedly detected. There was no indication of strong reproductive isolating barriers among the three Mediterranean Cedrus taxa. Gene flow between C. atlantica and C. libani accounted for 67 to 81% of viable open-pollinated seedlings in two plantation forests. We propose that Mediterranean Cedrus taxa should be considered as units of a single collective species comprising two regional groups, North Africa and the Middle East. We recommend the use of cpSSRs for monitoring gene flow between taxa in plantation forests, especially in areas where garden specimens of one species are planted in the vicinity of selected seed-stands and gene-conservation reserves of another species.Communicated by D.B. Neale 相似文献
16.
A new record for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) species complex of Turkey
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In this study, species complex of Turkish Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) populations was determined by PCR‐based DNA analysis. According to phylogenetic analyses, the B. tabaci samples have been identified within three generic groups. A major part of the samples belonged to two invasive species, either Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) or Mediterranean (MED). In addition to these two invasive species, several samples collected from greenhouses and cotton fields have been found to be related to Middle East–Asia Minor 2 (MEAM2), which is the first record of Turkish B. tabaci species complex. 相似文献
17.
The invertebrate fauna of many Antarctic ice-free areas, even those close to permanent research stations, can be poorly known.
Here we describe some nematodes from freshwater and saline, marine-derived lakes of the Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica. The
freshwater lakes contained the widespread East Antarctic endemic species, Plectus frigophilus Kirjanova, 1958. The saline lakes were inhabited by two recently described species, Halomonhystera halophila Andrássy, 2006 and Halomonhystera continentalis Andrássy, 2006, and by a new species described in this report, Hypodontolaimus antarcticus sp. n. Originally marine but now brackish Highway Lake contained a nematode fauna with both freshwater and marine-derived
components. The nematode fauna of Antarctica now consists of 54 named species, 22 of which are found in East Antarctica. 相似文献
18.
F. Krupp 《Hydrobiologia》1982,88(3):319-324
Garra tibanica ghorensis subsp. nov. is described from the southern Dead Sea Valley. In the Levant it represents the only cyprinid fish with African affinities known to date. It is suggested that G. t. ghorensis reached the area of its present distribution from the south and is not to be regarded as a relict of an earlier migration of the species to Africa via the Levant.Results of the travels of R. Kinzelbach to the countries of the Middle East, No. 18.Results of the travels of R. Kinzelbach to the countries of the Middle East, No. 18. 相似文献
19.
Åslög E. Dahl 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1989,163(3-4):227-280
Hypecoum sect.Hypecoum comprises 8 species, one with 2 additional subspecies, in the Mediterranean area and the Middle East. Five of these are recognized for the first time, viz.Hypecoum procumbens L. subsp.fragrantissimum
Å. E. Dahl,H. procumbens L. subsp.atropunctatum
Å. E. Dahl,H. trullatum
Å. E. Dahl,H. angustilobum
Å. E. Dahl andH. torulosum
Å. E. Dahl.
H. dimidiatum
Delile andH. pseudograndiflorum
Petr., which have generally been included inH. imberbe
Sm., are reestablished as distinct species. Morphology and variation patterns are described and discussed with special reference to mating systems. Self-incompatibility is dominating butH. procumbens subsp.procumbens andH. torulosum are self-compatible. The broad variation ranges of the former taxon in traits presumably related to mating system (petal, anther and stigma sizes as well as pollenovule ratios) indicate varying rates of outcrossing. SEM micrographs are given of petal and stigma surfaces and of pollen grains. Chromosome counts are presented for seven taxa. All are diploid with 2n = 16. 相似文献
20.
The genus Asellia was recently revised, giving an insight into the genetic and morphological characteristics of a group whose distribution spans from North Africa into Asia. We studied the genus further by considering additional mitochondrial markers and sampling localities. The deepest previously identified split in A. tridens is supported (Middle East/North Africa), along with the association of North and West African lineages. Central Saudi Arabia is found to represent the easternmost extent of a North African haplogroup when considering concatenated fragments of Cytochrome-b, NADH Dehydrogenase 2, and Cytochrome Oxidase 1 genes. New distribution data further emphasises the diversity found in the Middle East and suggests some mixing of haplotypes over long distances. 相似文献