BRI1受体的胞内运输及其在油菜素甾醇信号转导中的作用

油菜素甾醇(brassinosteroids,BRs)作为一种重要的植物激素调控植物生长发育的诸多进程以及逆境胁迫响应,而其信号转导途径的研究也一直是植物生物学研究的热点之一。BRs信号的识别起始于BRI1(brassinosteroid insensitive 1)受体对BRs的感知,然后通过一系列下游信号组分进行转导实现对靶基因的表达调控。该文主要从细胞生物学的角度综述了新合成的BRI1通过内质网质量控制系统监控后运输到细胞膜上、BRI1的内吞作用和液泡运输、共受体BAK1(BRI1-associated kinase 1)影响BRI1的胞内运输以及BR信号的终止等内容,并探讨了今后的研究方向及待解决的问题。     

受体激酶介导的油菜素内酯信号转导途径

油菜素内酯（brassinosteroids,BRs）是一类重要的类固醇激素,参与调控植物生长发育的许多过程。结合应用遗传学、生物化学以及蛋白质组学等研究手段现已基本阐明了BR信号转导的主要过程。BRI1作为受体在细胞表面感知BR,BRI1抑制子BKI1从质膜上解离下来,使BRI1与其共受体BAK1结合。BRI1和BAK1通过顺序磷酸化将BR信号完全激活。活化的BRI1将BSK磷酸化激活,BSK活化BSU1,BSU1将BIN2去磷酸化使其失活,解除BIN2对BES1/BZR1的抑制功能。PP2A可以将BES1/BZR1去磷酸化激活,又可以将受体BRI1去磷酸化促使其降解。BR信号的传递最终使去磷酸化状态的BES1/BZR1在细胞内累积,激活BR信号通路下游的转录调控。     

油菜素内酯调控作物农艺性状和非生物胁迫响应的研究进展

植物对不利环境的适应依赖于将外部胁迫信号传递到内部信号通路中,在进化过程中形成一系列的胁迫响应机制。其中,油菜素内酯(brassinosteroids, BRs)是一种类固醇激素,广泛参与植物生长发育和逆境响应过程。BRs被包括受体BRI1和共受体BAK1在内的细胞表面受体感知,继而触发信号级联,导致蛋白激酶BIN2的抑制和转录因子BES1/BZR1的激活,BES1/BZR1可直接调控数千个下游响应基因的表达。在模式植物拟南芥中的研究表明,BR的生物合成和信号转导通路成员,特别是BIN2和其下游的转录因子BES1/BZR1,可以被各种环境因子广泛地调节。本文系统总结了BR相关的最新研究进展,对BR的生物合成和信号转导是如何被复杂的环境因子所调节,以及BR与环境因子如何协同调控作物重要农艺性状、冷胁迫和盐胁迫的响应进行了综述。     

BRs在植物响应非生物胁迫中的作用

油菜素甾体(brassinosteroids,BRs)是植物界普遍存在的一类多羟基化的植物甾体激素,不仅调节植物的生长发育过程,还参与植物对生物和非生物胁迫的响应.概述了BRs的生物合成途径以及信号转导途径,重点阐述了BRs参与非生物胁迫应答的分子机制,展望了BRs未来的研究方向,为深入理解BRs介导的非生物胁迫调控网...     

转录因子BES1/BZR1调控植物生长发育及抗逆性

油菜素内酯(brassinosteroid, BR)是植物特有的甾体激素,在植物生长发育及逆境应答过程中起重要作用。转录因子BES1/BZR1(BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR 1/BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1)是BR信号转导的核心成员,被BR信号激活后,结合到下游靶基因启动子区的E框(CANNTG)或BRRE元件(CGTGT/CG),调节靶基因表达。除介导BR信号,BES1/BZR1还参与脱落酸、赤霉素及光等信号转导途径,协同调控植物的生长发育。最新研究发现,BES1/BZR1还参与调控植物的抗逆性。本文对转录因子BES1/BZR1通过信号转导调控植物生长发育和抗逆性分子机制的新近研究进展进行了综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

植物中油菜素类固醇信号转导与细胞增殖(综述)

BRI1/BAK1复合体感知油菜素类固醇(BR)后,通过基因表达变化和涉及V-ATPase的快速生长诱导反应的磷酸化级联放大作用传递信号,并影响细胞增殖增长过程。本文就植物中BR调节基因表达及其信号转导与细胞增殖作一综合介绍,并对存在的问题进行探讨。     

Ligand Perception,Activation, and Early Signaling of Plant Steroid Receptor Brassinosteroid Insensitive

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases （LRR-RLKs） belong to a large group of cell surface proteins involved in many aspects of plant development and environmental responses in both monocots and dicots. Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 （BRI1）, a member of the LRR X subfamily, was first identified through several forward genetic screenings for mutants insensitive to brassinosteroids （BRs）, which are a class of plant-specific steroid hormones. Since its identification, BRI1 and its homologs had been proved as receptors perceiving BRs and initiating BR signaling. The co-receptor BRIl-associated kinase 1 and its homologs, and other BRI1 interacting proteins such as its inhibitor BRI1 kinase inhibitor I （BKI1） were identified by genetic andbiochemical approaches. The detailed mechanisms of BR perception by BRI1 and the activation of BRI1 receptor complex have also been elucidated. Moreover, several mechanisms for termination of the activated BRI1 signaling were also discovered. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances on the mechanism of BRI1 phosphorylation and activation, the regulation of its receptor complex, the structure basis of BRI1 ectodomain and BR recognition, its direct substrates, and the termination of the activated BRI1 receptor complex.     

BAK1调控植物免疫信号识别和转导的分子机制

植物通过类受体激酶感知环境变化,产生相应的信号来调控机体生长发育。BAK1 (BRI1-associated kinase 1)是其中研究最深入的类受体激酶之一。它调控多种生理过程的信号转导,如植物生长发育、细胞死亡和植物免疫等。本文综述了BAK1作为模式识别受体的共受体以及信号转导的调控子,调控免疫信号识别和转导的机理。以期为深入研究BAK1基因家族在植物抗病反应中的作用,阐明植物免疫信号转导途径提供信息。     

拟南芥油菜素内酯信号转导研究进展

油菜素内酯（brassinosteroid）信号首先被膜上的受体BRI1／BAK1复合体感知,然后在一系列蛋白参与下传递到核内,进一步调控下游基因的表达。本文综述了拟南芥中油菜素内酯信号转导研究的进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了探讨。     

水稻矮杆突变体D814基因图位克隆与功能分析

水稻株高对作物产量有着重要的影响,在水稻整个生长发育过程中,株高受到多因素的调控,而植物激素乙烯就是重要的影响因素之一。用10 mg/m3乙烯处理水稻幼苗,对水稻突变体库进行筛选,获得了3个根伸长生长对乙烯敏感性降低的突变体,其中1个突变体D814表现出植株矮化、分蘖数减少、千粒重下降等特征。图位克隆将其定位在1号染色体上1 c M的区间内,该区间有6个已报道的矮杆突变基因,通过对这6个基因测序,发现其中1个基因Os BRI1(LOC_Os01g52050)发生了点突变(编码区第1 837位G突变为T)。并在D814中分别对Os BRI1的2个同源基因(Os BRL1和Os BRL3)进行测序,发现这2个基因均无突变。利用已报道的Os BRI1等位突变体gsor300084进行乙烯处理,发现gsor300084与D814一样,表现出根对乙烯敏感性降低。Os BRI1是植物激素油菜素内酯(brassinosteroid,BR)的信号受体,经检测,BR信号途径响应基因在D814突变体中的表达也有变化,说明D814是Os BRI1的1个等位突变体。功能分析发现,D814参与乙烯信号转导调控途径和植物盐胁迫应答途径。研究结果为探究乙烯调控水稻生长发育及耐逆性的分子机理提供了研究材料,也为进一步探讨油菜素内酯与乙烯协同调控水稻生长发育机制奠定了理论基础。     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.     

杆状病毒出芽病毒粒子膜融合蛋白的研究进展

杆状病毒是一类感染节肢动物的病原微生物,其基因组为双链环状DNA,大小为80～180kb.     

Inception of the Modern Public Health System in China and Perspectives for Effective Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases: In Commemoration of the 140th Anniversary of the Birth of the Plague Fighter Dr. Wu Lien-Teh

In this article, we systematically review Dr. Wu Lien-Teh's academic achievements and outstanding contributions in the prevention and control of the plague epidemic in northeast China and introduce the development of the earliest public health epidemic prevention system in China in order to commemorate the 140th anniversary of Dr. Wu Lien-Teh's birth. We hope that this article will provide insights into the effective prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases as well as the current worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, facilitating the improvement and development of public health systems in China and around the globe.