重组人血管内皮抑制素联合顺铂化疗治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效

目的:分析重组人血管内皮抑制素联合顺铂化疗方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效和安全性。方法:选取82例老年晚期NSCLC患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各41例。对照组患者给予含顺铂的两药化疗方案进行治疗,观察组患者在对照组疗法的基础上加用重组人血管内皮抑制素治疗。对两组患者的临床疗效、临床有效率(CRR)、临床受益率(CBR)进行评价。对两组患者治疗前后的Karnofsky评分、血清癌胚抗原(CEA)水平变化进行观察和比较。对两组患者进行随访,对患者的总生存期(OS)和疾病进展时间(TTP)进行观察和比较。对两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生率进行观察和比较。结果:观察组患者CRR和CBR均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前、后Karnofsky评分的上升幅度和血清CEA水平的下降幅度的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者和对照组患者的OS中位数估计值分别为16.720月和14.590月,TTP中位数估计值分别为6.260月和4.770月,两组患者OS和TTP中位数估计值的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在老年晚期NSCLC患者的治疗中,在含顺铂治疗方案基础上加用重组人血管内皮抑制素进行治疗,能够提高患者的临床受益和治疗有效率,延长患者的生存期,改善患者的预后,且未增加不良反应的发生率。     

非小细胞肺癌脑部转移瘤适形与调强放疗的剂量研究

为探讨NSCLC脑部转移瘤调强放疗与适形放疗的剂量特点,本研究选取57例非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤患者,其中单个脑转移灶患者5例,多个脑转移灶患者52例,分别设计全脑放疗+适形放疗与调强放疗计划,用均匀指数(HI)和适形指数(CI)评价靶区剂量,危及器官(OAR)剂量用近似最大剂量D_2%(串联)和中位剂量D_50%(并联)进行评价。研究发现,单个脑转移灶IMRT与WBRT+CRT比较中,CI为(PTV,(0.80±0.15) cGy,(0.34±0.19) cGy, p=0.00),HI为(PTV,(0.52±0.03) c Gy,(0.71±0.12) cGy, p=0.24),两者OARs剂量比较:脑干为((4 348±236) cGy,(4 593±149) cGy, p=0.01),脑垂体为((4 258±166) cGy,(4 581±123) cGy, p=0.02);在多个脑转移灶中,IMRT与WBRT+CRT比,较CI为(PTV,(0.59±0.33) cGy,(0.49±0.27) cGy, p=0.03),HI为(PTV,(0.93±0.01) cGy,(0.58±0.03) cGy, p=0.19),两者OARs剂量比较:脑干为((4 946±132) cGy,(4 843±196) cGy, p=0.51),脑垂体为((4 597±180) cGy,(4 705±149) cGy, p=0.70)。本研究的结果说明,单个脑转移灶患者,IMRT较WBRT+CRT有更好的靶区适形性、稍差的靶区异质性,脑干和垂体的IMRT剂量低于WBRT+CRT,而眼球、晶体的剂量两者差别不明显。多个脑转移灶患者,IMRT较WBRT+CRT有更好的靶区适形性、稍差的靶区异质性,而OARs剂量,IMRT较WBRT+CRT差异不明显。在临床实践过程中,应当根据患者不同的病灶情况选择合适的放疗方案,以获取更优的临床治疗效果。     

重组人血管内皮抑素联合同步放化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究

目的:探讨重组人血管内皮抑素联合同步化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的临床疗效.方法:将我院收治的40例NSCLC患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组患者采用紫杉醇化疗方案联合同步放射治疗,治疗组患者给予重组人血管内皮抑素联合同步放化疗进行治疗,治疗2个周期后对患者的近期疗效、毒副反应以及无肿瘤进展时间(TTP)等进行比较.结果:治疗组CR+PR的患者为15例,明显高于对照组的5例(P＜0.05);治疗组患者TTP为154±11d,中位生存时间为274d,而对照组TTP为108±8d,中位生存时间为179d,两组患者比较存在明显的差异性(P＜0.05);治疗组患者QOL评分明显优于对照组(P＜0.05),而两组患者毒副反应无明显的差异性(P＞0.05).结论:对晚期NSCLC患者采用重组人血管内皮抑素联合同步化疗进行治疗,可提高患者生存时间,且不会增加患者毒副反应的发生.     

非小细胞肺癌放疗所致并发症的影响因素分析

目的:分析非小细胞肺癌放疗所致并发症的影响因素.方法:选择2008年6月至2011年10月我院收治的原发非小细胞肺癌150例,所有病人接受精确放疗治疗.对各因素和并发症发生率的关系采用统计学分析.结果:本文150例病例治疗3个月后随访确认较严重的并发症16例(10.7％).单因素分析显示年龄及放射剂量与并发症相关,而病灶位置、肿瘤大小与并发症的发生无关.以上相关因素带入多因素Logistic回归模型,结果提示只有同时放射剂量指标为独立的相关因素,年龄与并发症的发生可能相关,但无显著性意义.结论:肺癌患者接受精确放疗治疗并发症与放射剂量密切相关,并发症发生于患者年龄也可能相关.放疗剂量的合理控制有助于增加放疗的安全性,这在高龄患者更尤为重要.     

三维适形放疗与调强放疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者血清肿瘤标志物及剂量学参数比较研究

目的:对比晚期非小细胞肺癌患者经三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)与调强放疗(IMRT)后,其血清肿瘤标志物及剂量学参数的变化。方法:选择2015年1月-2016年12月期间我院收治的非小细胞肺癌患者120例,根据放疗方案将其分为IMRT组60例与3D-CRT组60例。比较两组临床疗效、药物毒副反应、1年内的生存率、放射剂量参数,以及治疗前与治疗后血清肿瘤标志物的变化。结果:IMRT组治疗的总有效率与3D-CRT组对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。IMRT组血小板减少、Ⅲ度放射性食管炎、Ⅲ度消化道反应、Ⅲ度放射性肺炎、Ⅲ度白细胞减少的发生率均低于3D-CRT组(P0.05)。IMRT组1年内的生存率90.00%,高于3D-CRT组的75.00%(P0.05)。IMRT组CI值与HI值均高于3D-CRT组(P0.05),IMRT组与3D-CRT组平均剂量对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1(CYFRA21-1)与肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)水平均显著降低,且IMRT组低于3D-CRT组(P0.05)。结论:IMRT与3D-CRT对于晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效相当,但IMRT药物毒副反应少、放射剂量低,可能通过控制肿瘤来降低肿瘤标志物水平。     

肿瘤干细胞对非小细胞肺癌放疗效果机制的研究进展

肿瘤干细胞 (CSC)是一类具有肿瘤起始、自我更新及无限增殖潜能的细胞亚群,与肿瘤的局部复发与远处转移密切相关,是肿瘤放射治疗抵抗的根源。非小细胞肺癌是目前发病率及致死率较高的恶性肿瘤,已证实非小细胞肺癌中具有干细胞特性的CSC亚群,目前通过分离CD133等一系列已知免疫表型阳性细胞是获得非小细胞肺癌CSC的主要手段。研究证实CSC主要是通过DNA损伤、细胞自噬和缺氧肿瘤微环境等机制介导非小细胞肺癌的放疗抵抗效应。本文主要对非小细胞肺癌CSC的生物学特性、免疫表型表达及放疗抵抗的分子机制进行综述,以期为提高非小细胞肺癌放射疗效提供线索和依据。     

非小细胞肺癌组织血管生成相关因子表达及临床病理分析

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体(Flt-1)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)在非小细胞肺癌(non-smallcelllungcancer,NSCLC)组织血管形成中的意义及与肿瘤临床、生物学行为的关系。方法免疫组化染色观察VEGF、血管内皮生长因子受体-1(Flt-1)、TGF-β1在NSCLC组织中的表达,以CD34免疫组化染色来显示NSCLC组织中微血管生成情况和进行微血管密度判断。结果NSCLC组织中癌细胞不同程度地表达VEGF、血管内皮生长因子受体因子、TGF-β1,而对照组肺组织基本不表达(P<0·05);VEGF、Flt-1、TGF-β1阳性表达的NSCLC组织内微血管计数明显高于VEGF、Flt-1、TGF-β1表达阴性的NSCLC组织(P<0·05);NSCLC组织中VEGF、Flt-1、TGF-β1的阳性表达率和表达强度均与肿瘤淋巴结转移密切相关;随年龄增长,VEGF及其受体Flt-1的阳性表达率有所降低(P<0·05)。结论VEGF、Flt-1、TGF-β1的表达与NSCLC组织内肿瘤血管生成和淋巴结转移有密切关系,VEGF、Flt-1的表达与患者的年龄有一定关系。     

非小细胞肺癌中血管生成拟态和VEGF的表达及意义

目的探讨血管生成拟态(vasculogenic mimicry,VM)与血管内皮生长因子(vascular epithelial growth factor,VEGF)在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中的表达及意义。方法收集NSCLC术后标本160例和20例正常肺组织,应用免疫组化法和组织化学法检测NSCLC和正常肺组织中VM和VEGF的表达情况。结果在NSCLC组织和正常肺组织中,VM和VEGF的阳性率分别为36.9%、51.3%和0%、0%,差异有统计学意义;含有VM的NSCLC的VEGF表达高于无VM者(P<0.05),且VM与NSCLC的组织学分级、淋巴结转移及临床分期等有关(P<0.05);多因素分析:PTNM分期、VM、VEGF的表达是影响NSCLC根治术后患者预后的独立因素(P<0.05);VM阳性组与阴性组的5年生存率分别为1.7%和41.6%,差异有统计学意义;VEGF阳性组与阴性组的5年生存率分别为2.4%和52.6%,差异有统计学意义。结论具有VM的NSCLC组织分化低,患者临床预后差;VEGF的表达水平和VM与NSCLC的发展及预后有一定的关系。     

吸入伊洛前列素对非小细胞肺癌细胞化疗敏感性的影响

目的:研究吸入伊洛前列素对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞化疗敏感性的影响。方法:研究对象为2014年8月至2015年8月在我院住院治疗的40例NSCLC患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。所有患者均予以吉西他滨联合顺铂化疗,治疗组在化疗同时予以吸入伊洛前列素。ELISA检测患者治疗前后患者血清中HIF-1α和VEGF表达水平的变化,采用Karnofsky评分评价患者功能状况,并对比两组疗效及毒副反应。结果:治疗组有效率(RR)和控制率(CDR)显著高于对照组(P0.05);治疗组Karnofsky评分改善率优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组毒副反应发生率低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组血清中HIF-1α和VEGF的表达水平均低于治疗前,治疗组治疗后1天、21天血清中HIF-1α和VEGF的表达水平显著低于对照组同期,且治疗后21天表达水平显著低于治疗后1天(P0.05)。结论:吸入伊洛前列素能通过调节HIF-1α和VEGF水平改善NSCLC细胞化疗敏感性,且疗效安全显著,预后好。     

化疗联合放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌疗效观察

目的:研究化疗联合放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效及毒副作用.方法:58例非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为观察组与对照组两组各29例,观察组患者采用化疗联合放疗治疗,对照组患者只采用化疗治疗.观察比较两组患者的临床疗效、1,2,3年生存率及毒副作用.结果:观察组患者的有效率(79.3％)明显高于对照组(41.4％),两组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组患者1,2,3年生存率均高于对照组,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).两组患者的Ⅱ-Ⅳ级白细胞减少率,Ⅲ-Ⅳ级血红蛋白减少率,Ⅲ-Ⅳ级消化系统反应无显著差别,两组相比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:相对于单纯化疗,化疗联合放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌临床效果更好,毒副作用并未加重,可以显著提高患者生存率,值得临床推广应用.     

Short term clinical outcomes of accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer patients

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate short term clinical outcomes of accelerated hypofractionated radiotherapy (AHR T) regarding locoregional response (LRR), symptoms relief and acute toxicities in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The radical treatment for inoperable NSCLC is intolerable for some patients. An alternative RT regime should be considered for them.Materials and methodsInoperable NSCLC patients who could not tolerate radical treatment were treated with AHRT (45 Gy in 15 fractions over three weeks) by using the 3-dimensional conformal (RT) technique. The LRR was assessed by chest computed tomography (CT) performed before and 6 weeks after RT. Relief of symptoms such as cough, dyspnoea and chest pain was evaluated during RT and 6 and 12 weeks after RT, compared with the status before RT. Treatment-related acute toxicities such as dysphagia and radiation dermatitis were observed during and 6 and 12 weeks after RT.ResultsTotal 65 patients (seven patients of stage II and fifty-eight patients of stage III) were included. Partial response was seen in 70.8% of patients, and stable disease was seen in 29.2% while there was neither complete response nor progressive disease after RT. Statistically significant associations were found between tumour response vs. pre-treatment tumour size and tumour response vs. performance status of the patients. Satisfactory symptom relief was found after RT, but severe acute dysphagia and radiation dermatitis (more than grade 3) were not observed.ConclusionSatisfactory LRR, symptom relief and acute toxicities were achieved by this regime. Long term studies are recommended to evaluate late toxicities and survival outcome further.Trial registration noTCTR20200110001     

Significant impact on the oncologic outcomes with intensity modulated radiotherapy and conformational radiotherapy over conventional radiotherapy in cervix cancer patients treated with radiotherapy

ObjectiveWe designed a retrospective cohort of women with cervix cancer treated by radiation therapy with an extended follow-up to evaluate if the incorporation of modern radiation techniques was a prognostic factor.Material and methodsWe studied a cohort of patients with cervix cancer FIGO stage I-IVa treated in the last fifteen years. Patients were treated with radiotherapy alone (RT) or chemoradiation alone (CRT) using conventional radiotherapy (2DRT), conformational radiotherapy (3DRT), or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) followed by high dose rate brachytherapy. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify significant prognostic factors (p < 0.05).Results228 patients with cervix cancer were included. The treatment groups were CRT (64.8%), and RT (34.2%), with 31.6% submitted to 2DRT and 68.4% to IMRT/3DRT. The median follow-up was 6.3 years, the OS in 5 years according to the treatment groups was 48% for CRT, and 27.8% for RT (p < 0.001). The early-stage I-IIa (p = 0.001), CRT, and IMRT/3DRT were significant factors for better overall survival (OS) in the multivariate analysis. For the cancer-specific survival (CSS), chemoradiation, age <60 years, and IMRT/3DRT were significant. Treatment with IMRT/3DRT was the only prognostic factor associated with event-free survival (EFS).ConclusionIn a long-term follow-up, chemoradiation, early-clinical stage, and age <60 years were significant factors associated with better OS and CSS at 5 and 8 years. The incorporation of new radiation techniques, such as IMRT/3DRT, over time has a significant impact on all endpoints (EFS, OS, and CSS) of this cohort. These outcomes are useful to decide about the radiation technique to achieve satisfactory oncological results outside a clinical trial.     

Prognostic value of neuron-specific enolase in patients with advanced and metastatic non-neuroendocrine non-small cell lung cancer

Background: Increased serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level was found in a substantial proportion (30–69%) of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but little was known about the clinical properties of NSE in NSCLC.Objective: We aimed to assess the level of serum NSE to predict prognosis and treatment response in patients with advanced or metastatic non-neuroendocrine NSCLC.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 363 patients with advanced and metastatic NSCLC between January 2011 and October 2016. The serum NSE level was measured before initiation of treatment.Results: Patients with high NSE level (≥26.1 ng/ml) showed significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (5.69 vs 8.09 months; P=0.02) and significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than patients with low NSE level (11.41 vs 24.31 months; P=0.01).NSE level was an independent prognostic factor for short PFS (univariate analysis, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.40 (1.71–3.38), P<0.001; multivariate analysis, [HR] = 1.81 (1.28–2.56), P=0.001) and OS (univariate analysis, [HR] = 2.40 (1.71–3.37), P<0.001; multivariate analysis, [HR] = 1.76 (1.24–2.50), P=0.002).Conclusion: The survival of NSCLC patients with high serum NSE level was shorter than that of NSCLC patients with low serum NSE levels. Serum NSE level was a predictor of treatment response and an independent prognostic factor.     

Overexpression of cyclin Y in non-small cell lung cancer is associated with cancer cell proliferation

Cyclin Y (CCNY) is a key cell cycle regulator that acts as a growth factor sensor to integrate extracellular signals with the cell cycle machinery. The expression status of CCNY in lung cancer and its clinical significance remain unknown. The data indicates that CCNY may be deregulated in non-small cell lung cancer, where it may act to promote cell proliferation. These studies suggest that CCNY may be a candidate biomarker of NSCLC and a possible therapeutic target for lung cancer treatment.     

Management of non-small cell lung cancer in the era of personalized medicine

Despite major advances in the molecular definition of the disease, screening and therapy, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still characterized by a disappointing overall survival, depending on subtype and tumor stage. To address this challenge, in the last years the therapeutic algorithm of NSCLC has become much more complex and articulated, with different kinds of drugs, including chemotherapy, targeted-based agents, angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy, and multiple lines of treatments, for patients with squamous and non-squamous hystology, EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangement. This short viewpoint describes the emerging strategies for the management of NSCLC, indicating how a personalized approach, characterized by a specific multidisciplinary involvement, implies a process that starts with early detection and includes surgery and systemic therapy.     

ERCC-1和RRM-1在NSCLC中的表达及其病理临床意义

目的检测核苷酸切除修复(NER)系统的ERCC-1和RRM-1在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达并分析其表达的病理临床意义,为探索NSCLC的有关发生机制及术后辅助化疗提供有用的实验依据。方法应用免疫组织化学二步法检测128例NSCLC组织中ERCC-1和RRM-1的表达,以10例支气管扩张症肺组织作为对照。结果1.ERCC-1在NSCLC组织中的总体阳性表达率为44.53%(57/128),在对照组肺组织气道上皮的阳性表达率为100%(10/10),ERCC-1在NSCLC组织和对照组的阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);RRM-1在NSCLC组织中的总体阳性表达率为75%(96/128),在对照组肺组织气道上皮不表达,RRM-1在NSCLC组织和对照组的阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2.ERCC-1的表达与NSCLC患者的年龄、组织学类型及分化程度存在相关性(P<0.05);RRM-1的表达与NSCLC患者的年龄存在相关性(P<0.05)。NSCLC组织中ERCC-1与RRM-1的表达呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论ERCC-1表达降低或缺失可能与NSCLC发生有关;NSCLC组织中存在...     

Polymorphisms of homologous recombination genes and clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy

The repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is the major mechanism to maintain genomic stability in response to irradiation. We hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in DSB repair genes may affect clinical outcomes among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with definitive radio(chemo)therapy. We genotyped six potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (i.e., RAD51 −135G>C/rs1801320 and −172G>T/rs1801321, XRCC2 4234G>C/rs3218384 and R188H/rs3218536 G>A, XRCC3 T241M/rs861539 and NBN E185Q/rs1805794) and estimated their associations with overall survival (OS) and radiation pneumonitis (RP) in 228 NSCLC patients. We found a predictive role of RAD51 −135G>C SNP in RP development (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31–0.86, P = 0.010 for CG/CC vs. GG). We also found that RAD51 −135G>C and XRCC2 R188H SNPs were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (adjusted HR = 1.70, 95% CI, 1.14–2.62, P = 0.009 for CG/CC vs. GG; and adjusted HR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.02–2.85, P = 0.043 for AG vs. GG, respectively) and that the SNP-survival association was most pronounced in the presence of RP. Our study suggests that HR genetic polymorphisms, particularly RAD51 −135G>C, may influence overall survival and radiation pneumonitis in NSCLC patients treated with definitive radio(chemo)therapy. Large studies are needed to confirm our findings.     

Telomerase peptide vaccination: a phase I/II study in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

PURPOSE: A phase I/II study was conducted to investigate the safety, tolerability and clinical response to vaccination with a combination of telomerase peptides GV1001 (hTERT: 611-626) and HR2822 (hTERT: 540-548) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twenty-six patients with non-small cell lung cancer received intradermal administrations of either 60 nmole (112 microg) or 300 nmole (560 microg) GV1001 in combination with 60 nM (68.4 microg) HR2822 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. The treatment period was 10 weeks. Booster vaccinations with 300 nM GV1001 were offered as follow-up. Monitoring of blood samples, clinical examination and radiological staging were performed regularly. Immune responses were measured as delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction and in vitro T cell proliferation. Bone marrow function was monitored in long time survivors. RESULTS: The treatment was well tolerated with minor side effects. No bone marrow toxicities were observed in long time survivors with immune responses. Immune responses against GV1001 were detected in 11 of 24 evaluable patients during the primary regimen and in additional two patients following booster injections. Two patients responded to HR2822. Cloned GV1001-specific CD4+ T cells displayed a Th1 cytokine profile and recognized autologous antigen presenting cells pulsed with recombinant telomerase protein. A complete tumor response was observed in one patient who developed GV1001-specific cytotoxic T cells that could be cloned from peripheral blood. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that GV1001 and HR2822 are immunogenic and safe to use in patients with NSCLC. Induction of GV1001-specific immune responses may result in objective tumor responses. Based on these initial encouraging results, further clinical studies of GV1001 in NSCLC patients are warranted.     

The clinical value of the changes of peripheral lymphocyte subsets absolute counts in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

IntroductionImmune function strongly influences the outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It's vital to understand the immune state of patients through detecting the percentage and number of lymphocyte subsets accurately, and helpful to evaluate conditions of prognosis and adjust treatment for patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. The absolute counts and percentages of CD3+, CD3 + CD4+, CD3 + CD8+, B and NK cells were determined by single platform technologies. 172 patients received treatment including surgery or chemotherapy after surgery. The factors affecting disease progression were analyzed by Binary Logistic regression. Progression free survival (PFS) calculating survivals were with the method of Kaplan-Meier. The log-rank test and cox's proportional hazard regression (enter method) were used for univariable and multivariable analyses respectively.ResultsRelative to normal controls, patients with NSCLC at different stages showed decreased absolute lymphocyte count obviously, rather than lymphocyte percentages.Different treatments had unlike influence on the homeostasis of lymphocytes and the effects last for a long time. Logistic regression showed CD3 + CD4+ and CD3 + CD8+ could contribute to favorable prognosis. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of PFS showed CD3 + CD4+ cell was independent factor for predicting PFS.ConclusionsThe absolute count of CD3+, CD3 + CD4+, CD3 + CD8+, B and NK cells were better indication of the patient's immune state than percentages of each lymphocyte subsets. Immune function was impaired in patients with non-small cell lung. The high level of baseline absolute CD3 + CD4+ cells count contributed to longer progression free survival.Chinese Clinic Trial Registry number: ChiCTR-IOR-17014139; Registry date: 2017/12/25.     

The use of PET/CT in radiotherapy of patients with non-small cell lung cancer

The goal of this paper was to investigate the influence of FDG-PET/CT scan on the modification of staging and irradiation planning in patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Fifteen patients suffering from NSCLC were analyzed by the authors from January, 2008 to July, 2009. The aim of the analysis was to examine the influence of FDG-PET/CT on irradiation planning and on decision-making of the complex oncologic therapy. The FDG-PET/CT scan was carried out in the position of irradiation performed later. For irradiation planning, planning target volumes (PTV) and the organs of risk were contoured on the patients' topometric CT slides as well as on the fused FDG-PET/CT slides. We evaluated how the application of PET/CT modified the stage of the illness, the complex oncologic therapeutic plan, the volume and the localization of the PTV, and the irradiation doses of the organs at risk. The mean and maximum dose of the spinal cord, the mean and V20 dose load of the lungs and the mean dose loads of the heart as well as of the left ventricle were measured. In 8 of 15 cases the stage of the disease and the treatment strategy was modified, since distant metastases were detected by the PET/CT. We evaluated the modification of the PTV and dose load of the organs at risk in 7 cases. According to the PET/CT the PTV was reduced in 5 cases (mean: 393.6 cm3) and was increased in 2 cases (mean: 250.8 cm3). Concerning the risk organs we found that the average (8.8 Gy/9.5 Gy) and maximum (33.4 Gy/36.4 Gy) dose load of the spinal cord increased, while the average (24.5 Gy/13.8 Gy) and V20 (33.7%/22.1%) dose load of the lungs decreased. We likewise found a decrease in the mean dose load of the heart (17.3 Gy/16.8 Gy) and left ventricle (12.9 Gy/9.6 Gy). In the majority of the cases the FDG-PET/CT scan modified the therapeutic decision, the size of the irradiated volume, and the dose load of the lung, the organ at risk causing the most difficulties at irradiation planning, was also reduced. The PET/CT scan plays an essential role in the complex oncologic treatment and irradiation therapy of NSCLC.