黄瓜雌花发育过程中柱头的腺特征

利用透射电镜技术研究了黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)雌花柱头发育过程中传递组织、分泌组织和乳突细胞的超微结构.在整个发育过程中,乳突细胞和分泌组织细胞的细胞质内密布很多管状及槽库膨大的内质网,产生很多分泌囊泡;在成熟柱头的传递组织和分泌组织细胞间观察到大量的胞间连丝;乳突细胞和分泌细胞高度液泡化,质膜内折;在柱头发育过程中分泌组织细胞的核周腔扩大形成裂瓣状核,到柱头成熟阶段裂瓣状核更加明显.进一步的研究显示,在成熟柱头的不同组织细胞中,ATPase的活性呈现在质膜和液泡膜上,随着柱头的发育,PM-H -ATPase的比活性明显增强.结果表明,黄瓜雌花柱头的腺特征随发育进程而趋于显著.     

杨属的分泌柱头∶发育、细胞化学、超微结构及其与组间杂交不亲和性的关系(英文)

研究了胡杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓ ｅｕｐｈｒａｔｉｃａ Ｏｌｉｖ．）、银白杨（Ｐ． ａｌｂａ Ｌ．）、小叶杨（Ｐ． ｓｉｍ ｏｎｉｉＣａｒｒ．）、大叶杨（Ｐ． ｌａｓｉｏｃａｒｐａ Ｏｌｉｖ．）和欧洲黑杨（Ｐ． ｎｉｇｒａ Ｌ．）的柱头． 扫描电镜显示∶分泌物存在于胞间隙、多细胞乳突的缝隙和接受表面． 用苏丹Ⅲ和金胺Ｏ染新鲜柱头可见分泌物的释放和运动． 戊乙醛－锇酸固定柱头,石蜡和半薄切片显示分泌物的脂类性质． 透射电镜显示柱头表面乳突细胞的腺质特征——丰富的粗糙和光滑内质网、多聚核糖体、发育良好的具分泌泡的高尔基体． 曾被认为是干型柱头典型特征的表膜和上角质膜片层出现于极湿型的柱头中． 观察结果表明,在接受期,５ 个种的柱头都是分泌柱头． 在胡杨和小叶杨正反交中,穿入柱头组织深层的花粉管内有发育良好的生殖细胞和精子细胞,显示在柱头阶段无有效障碍     

杨属的分泌柱头：发育,细胞化学,超微结构及其与组间杂交不亲和性的关系

研究了胡杨、银白杨、小叶杨、大叶杨和欧洲黑杨的柱头。扫描电镜显示：分泌物存在于胞间隙、多细胞乳突的缝隙和接受表面。用黄丹Ⅲ和金胺Ｏ染新鲜柱头可见分泌物的释放和运动。戊乙醛－锇酸固定柱头,石蜡和半薄切片显示分泌物的脂类性质。透射电镜显示柱头表面乳突细胞的腺质特征－丰富的粗糙和光滑内质网、多聚核糖体、发育良好的具分泌泡的高尔基体。     

西瓜柱头乳突细胞分泌活动期间ATP酶活性超微结构定位

研究了西瓜柱头乳突细胞ATP酶活性的超微结构定位。分泌活动旺盛的细胞中,质膜、内质网、质体的内部片层、胞间连丝以及多数大液泡的膜上面都有大量ATP 酶活性反应产物,线粒体和小泡上只有少量酶活性反应产物。分泌活动停止后处于解体状态的细胞内,反应产物主要定位于液泡膜上。分泌旺盛的乳突细胞质膜具有高的ATP酶活性表明分泌物运出需要大量能量,内质网 ATP 酶活性强可能意味着该细胞器参与分泌物合成。     

白桦雌花发育过程中内源激素动态变化(简报)

以酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定七年生白桦嫁接幼树雌花发育过程中脱落酸(ABA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米核苷素(ZR)及赤霉素(GA)的含量结果表明:ABA的含量先升后降,高浓度ZR分别与低浓度的IAA、GA协同作用可促进白桦雌花分化.     

黄瓜雄花形成过程中心皮的发育

黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)为重要的经济作物,雌雄同株异花,是研究植物性别分化的经典材料。人们对黄瓜性别分化进行了广泛的研究。Astmon和Galun、任吉君和王艳对黄瓜性别分化的形态特征和器官发生进行了初步研究,表明黄瓜单性花分化和发育过程中经历了无性期、两性期和单性期,最终只有一种性别的性器官原基发育成有功能的性器官,从而形成单性花,而对单性花中未形成有功能器官的相反性别原基的研究报道甚少。我们对雄花发育过程进行了连续的形态学分析,并对不同时期雄花中的心皮进行了细胞计数和同工酶电泳分析,以期从性器官发育的角度探讨黄瓜性别表现的机理。     

黄瓜雄花形成过程中心皮的发育

黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L)为重要的经济作物,雌雄同株异花,是研究植物性别分化的经典材料。人们对黄瓜性别分化进行了广泛的研究。Astmon和Galun,任吉君和王艳对黄瓜性别分化的形态特征和器官发生进行了初步研究,表明黄瓜单性花分化和发育过程中经历了无性期、两性期和单性期,最     

荇菜腺毛的发育及其分泌过程的超微结构研究

荇菜 (Nymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O.Kuntz)腺毛由具分泌功能的单列圆筒状细胞组成。它们起源于苗端倒数第二叶原基近轴面 ,由原表皮细胞发育而来。处于分泌期的腺毛细胞其胞质浓厚 ,液泡化程度小。细胞内具丰富的线粒体、高尔基体和内质网等细胞器 ,还具发达的胞间连丝。粘液物质由高尔基体分泌小泡、内质网分泌小泡及多膜体共同携带至细胞边缘 ,经胞吐和渗透相结合的方式分泌至细胞外。腺毛细胞侧壁因积有大量分泌物而呈膨胀状态。经检测 ,粘液由多糖和蛋白质组成 ,对营养芽的生长发育起保护作用。     

荞麦亲和与不亲和授粉后柱头和花粉管中ATP酶的超微细胞化学定位

利用磷酸铅淀淀技术对荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum Monch.)pin型植株分别进行亲和授粉和不亲和授粉后的柱头、花粉粒、花粉管进行了ATPase的超微细胞化学定位。结果表明（1）亲和授粉和不亲和授粉后0.5h,柱头细胞的ATPase活性反应水平较低或基于无酶活性;柱头表面、柱头上附着的花粉粒内ATPase活性在不亲和授粉时较低,亲和授粉时较高,花粉粒内ATPase主要定位于线粒体和精子细胞;（2）授粉后1.5h,不亲和授粉的柱头细胞及花粉管的ATPase活性均较低,花粉管停止生长,细胞质开始解体;而亲和授粉的柱头细胞及花粉管的ATPase活性均较高,ATPase主要定位于柱头细胞的质膜、胞基质以及花粉管的壁、质体的膜、高尔基体、线粒体上。根据不同时期不同部位ATPase活性的差异,我们认为荞麦发生自交不亲和时,花粉管在花柱中停止生长不仅是因此花粉管得不到花柱中的营养物质而引起的,可能也与花粉管自身物质代谢发生障碍有关。     

玉吊钟多细胞根毛的发育及其超微结构研究

玉吊钟气生不定根根尖区域的部分表皮细胞经分裂可形成多细胞根毛。根毛长０．０３ｍｍ左右,具单列细胞、双列细胞和叉状分枝类型,由基细胞和毛体细胞二部分组成。电镜显示,基细胞内部结构与表皮细胞相似。组成毛体的细胞都有分泌功能。在分泌活动期,细胞内形成大量内质网,并膨大成囊泡状或溢出囊泡,分泌停止,内质网即消失;其细胞结构的变化及主要由内质网参与分泌活动与蜜腺细胞在分泌活动中的结构变化类似。故推测多细胞根     

Endopeptidase Isoenzyme Characteristics in Cucumis sativus Leaves During Dark-induced Senescence

The changes and characteristics of endopeptidase （EP） isoenzymes in cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） leaves during dark-induced senescence were investigated by activity staining after gradient-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （G-PAGE） containing co-polymerized gelatin as substrate. The results showed that both the chlorophyll and the protein contents of leaves were decreased, and the protein degradation was correlated with the increase of proteolytic activity during the course of leaf senescence. Meanwhile, nine cucumber endopeptidases isoenzymes （CEP） with 140, 120, 106, 94, 76, 55, 46, 39 and 35 kDa molecular weights were detected. Four of these, CEP2, 3, 4 and CEP9 appeared all the time, but the changes of the activity were different during incubation. Another four CEPs （CEP5, 6, 7 and CEP8） whose activities increased with dark-induced time were only detected in senescent leaves. Furthermore, the biochemical properties of these nine CEP were also characterized. All the CEPs had high activities from 35 ℃ to 45 ℃, and the optimum temperature was found to be 40 ℃. However, the activities of CEPs were not detected below 25 ℃ or over 60 ℃. The activity bands appeared at a wide range of pH from 5.0 to 9.0, but the optimum pH was found at 7.0. No CEPs were detected at pH 4 or pH 10. By inhibition analysis we concluded that CEP2, 3, 4 and CEP9 were serine endopeptidases and CEP6 was a kind of cysteine protease. It is suggested that serine endopeptidases might play a major role in cucumber leaf senescence, and for the first time, six senescencerelated endopeptidases （CEP1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9） were found in cucumber leaves.     

离体培养黄瓜子叶诱导雌花的研究

采用添加Spd和IAA的MS培养基培养离体黄瓜子叶,研究了Spd和IAA对雌花诱导的协同作用,及昼夜温差、培养基中N素和pH值对雌花诱导的影响。结果表明,分别添加Spd、IAA时的雌花诱导率和单株雌花数偏低或为0,12 mg·L^-1 Spd与0.01mg·L^-1 IAA 配合时的诱导效果明显高于单独处理的,而对照组未见雌花,说明Spd和IAA对雌花诱导的协同作用显著。在0、2、6、10℃昼夜温差,60、70、80、90 mmol·L^-1的N素含量和pH 5.4、5.8、6.2、6.6的培养条件下,70 mmol·L^-1 N、6℃温差和pH 6.2时的雌花诱导效果较好,表明适当提高昼夜温差、培养基中N素和pH值有利于黄瓜子叶的雌花诱导。     

多裂骆驼蓬的生物碱对黄瓜种子萌发的影响

经多裂骆驼蓬中生物碱处理过的黄瓜种子吸水量、呼吸速率、α-淀粉酶活性、GA1_( 3)和ATP含量均下降,种子膜透性增大,丙二醛含量提高;子叶中异柠檬酸裂解酶和羟基丙酮酸还原酶活性以及超弱发光(UWL)值也受到明显抑制。其抑制或促进作用的程度均随着多裂骆驼蓬中生物碱浓度的提高而增强。     

Development of EST‐SSRs in Cucumis sativus from sequence database

Simple sequence repeat markers derived from expressed sequence tags (EST‐SSR) are potentially valuable tools for plant breeding and germplasm collection conservation, and increasingly, efforts have been made for developing this type of marker. We have identified 20 polymorphic SSR markers from cucumber ESTs deposited in public sequence database. The average allele number was 3.3 per locus, ranging from two to six alleles during screening 20 cucumber genotypes with the mean expected heterozygosity of 0.477. Amplification products were also detected by 13 pairs of primer in Cucumis melo. These informative EST‐SSR markers can be used in cucumber genetic improvement projects.     

NaCl胁迫对黄瓜根系边缘细胞发生的影响

以黄瓜为试材,研究了NaCl处理对植株生物量、根长、根系活力、根边缘细胞的数目和活性及黏胶层厚度的影响。结果表明,NaCl处理降低了植株生物量与根系长度,增加了黄瓜幼苗的根系活力。黄瓜边缘细胞的出现几乎与根同时发生,当根长达到25mm时,边缘细胞的数目与活性均达到最大值。NaCl处理对边缘细胞的数目与活性表现出一定的抑制作用。离体根尖的边缘细胞活性也随NaCl处理浓度与处理时间的增加而逐渐减小,但根边缘细胞黏胶层厚度却随NaCl处理浓度的增加而增加。总之,NaCl对黄瓜幼苗造成一定伤害,但根系边缘细胞可通过降解死亡与增加黏胶的分泌量在一定程度上减轻这种伤害程度。     

Immunolocalization of Arabinogalactan Proteins and Pectins in Floral Buds of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) During Sex Determination

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins were detected in the floral buds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) during its sex determination using the following monoclonal antibodies: MAC 207 (recognizes AGP epitopes); JIM 8 (recognizes a subset ofAGP epitopes); and JIM 5 and JIM 7 (epitopes of pectins esterified to various degrees). In the stem apex meristem (SAM) of the cucumber, epitopes of MAC 207, JIM 7, and JIM 5 were localized in the cells from second to third peripheral layers when the sex organ primodium began to differentiate; epitopes of MAC 207 and JIM 5 were also detected in the ragged edge cells. A very dense labeling signal with MAC 207 was observed in the carpel and pistil primodium. The AGP epitopes recognized by JIM 8 were localized in the anther of the male flower and the anther-like portion of the stagnant stamen of the female flower. This suggests that the AGPs and pectins in the SAM of the cucumber are closely associated with the differentiation of the SAM, from meristematic cells to floral primodium. The subset of AGPs recognized by JIM 8 may play an important role in stamen formation.     

Immunolocalization of Arabinogalactan Proteins and Pectins in Floral Buds of Cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） During Sex Determination

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins were detected in the floral buds of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) during its sex determination using the following monoclonal antibodies: MAC 207(recognizes AGP epitopes); JIM 8 (recognizes a subset ofAGP epitopes); and JIM 5 and JIM 7 (epitopes of pectins esterified to various degrees). In the stem apex meristem (SAM) of the cucumber, epitopes of MAC 207, JIM 7, and JIM 5 were localized in the cells from second to third peripheral layers when the sex organ primodium began to differentiate; epitopes of MAC 207 and JIM 5 were also detected in the ragged edge cells. A very dense labeling signal with MAC 207 was observed in the carpel and pistil primodium. The AGP epitopes recognized by JIM 8 were localized in the anther of the male flower and the anther-like portion of the stagnant stamen of the female flower. This suggests that the AGPs and pectins in the SAM of the cucumber are closely associated with the differentiation of the SAM, from meristematic cells to floral primodium. The subset of AGPs recognized by JIM 8 may play an important role in stamen formation.     

不同倍性黄瓜的形态和一些生理生化指标比较

由同一基因型产生的单倍体、二倍体和四倍体黄瓜的叶面积和花大小等形态性状、单位面积叶绿素含量和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)表达量等生理生化指标随染色体倍性的增加而增加,过氧化物酶(POD)活性则随倍性的增加而降低,剂量效应明显;其他形态指标和可溶性蛋白含量等与染色体倍性无明显相关性.     

培养基上生长的黄瓜去根苗雌花高效诱导体系

报告了外源KT(激动素)和IAA(吲哚乙酸)对黄瓜去根苗雌花诱导的增效作用,以及外植体苗龄、下胚轴长度、培养基中N素和NH4 -N水平对成花的影响,据此建立了有效的雌花诱导体系。7d龄带1/2下胚轴的去根苗接种在MS培养基中,对KT3.0mg/L添加IAA0.01mg/L时的雌花成花率达28%,比单用KT3.0mg/L、IAA0.01mg/L的分别高12%、26%,而对照组未见雌花,说明KT和IAA对雌花诱导的增效作用显著。实验表明,N80mmol/L(NH4 -N/TN37.5%)、保留1/4下胚轴和6d苗龄时的黄瓜去根苗雌花诱导率最高。