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微生物发酵生产α-酮戊二酸研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
α-酮戊二酸是微生物三羧酸循环中重要的代谢中间产物,是连接细胞内碳-氮代谢的关键节点,具有广泛的应用价值.文中从4个方面归纳了国内外关于α-酮戊二酸研究进展:能够过量积累α-酮戊二酸的原核和真核微生物的发现和筛选;硫胺素缺陷型和氮源饥饿引起的α-酮戊二酸过量积累的生理学特性;控制培养环境中的pH、溶氧和辅因子对生产α-酮戊二酸发酵过程控制与优化;调控辅因子再生和代谢途径改造高产菌株.最后,讨论了微生物法生产α-酮戊二酸存在的不足和今后研究的方向. 相似文献
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高通量测序技术在食品微生物研究中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高通量测序技术的快速发展对食品微生物发酵过程和机制研究产生了深刻的影响,主要体现在食品微生物生理功能、代谢能力和进化的研究以及食品微生物群落结构、动态变化及其对环境的响应机制等方面。另外,通过对食品微生物基因组和元基因组进行数据分析,也对食品发酵过程优化、微生物功能改造、食源性微生物疾病预防和控制等提供了重要的依据。本文总结了近年来利用高通量测序技术对食品微生物基因组和元基因组进行测序的研究,并探讨了测序技术的发展对食品微生物研究的影响及发展趋势。 相似文献
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L-丝氨酸及L-半胱氨酸在食品、医药和化妆品等行业有着广泛的应用,在植物和微生物中两者从头合成的前体物均为3-磷酸甘油酸。微生物发酵生产这两种氨基酸以其社会、经济及环境效益展现出良好的前景。针对近年来微生物发酵法生产L-丝氨酸及L-半胱氨酸的研究成果,本文综述了当前国内外学者在该领域研究的热点,即代谢途径及其调节、相关氨基酸的转运及运输、菌种及菌株改造、新菌种的开发等。最后结合当前生物技术的新发展,对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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奇数链脂肪酸(odd-chain fatty acids,OCFA)在自然界分布广泛但含量低,在食品、医药健康和工业等领域有着巨大的应用潜力。目前获取OCFA的方法主要为提取法和化学合成法,但成本高、效率低,而通过微生物发酵有望实现OCFA大规模工业生产。总结OCFA的应用范围和天然合成OCFA的微生物种类,详述微生物合成OCFA的代谢途径,并从基因工程策略和发酵调控策略两方面综述目前提升OCFA产量的研究现状,旨在为利用合成生物学策略改造和提升微生物合成OCFA的能力提供较为系统的理论依据。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献