The characteristics of higher nervous activity and of the brain benzodiazepine system in rats subjected to ethanol exposure in the prenatal period

Exposure to ethanol during pregnancy results in the alternation of 3H-diazepam binding to synaptosomal neocortical membranes from the rat offspring. In male experimental rats, 14 days of age, binding level diminished to 11%. In two-month-old control rats Scatchard plot was biphasic. It has been shown that prenatal exposure to ethanol leads to changes in the nature of binding in two-month-age experimental animals, as compared with the control ones. 3H-diazepam binding changes went along with behavioural deviations. In experimental rats locomotor activity was increased in the "open field" test, passive avoidance conditioned reflex retention was decreased and elaboration parameters of active avoidance conditioned reflex were changed, as compared with the control ones. The data obtained show that higher integrative functions were disturbed by prenatal alcoholization. Correlations between benzodiazepine receptor state and behaviour were studied.     

Comparative analysis of ECG characteristics in pregnant rats subjected to acute hypoxia in the period of organogenesis

Various ECG characteristics are investigated in white rats subjected to acute hypobaric hypoxia on the 9th–10th day of gestation corresponding to the period of organogenesis. The hypoxia-induced changes in the ECG characteristics are different in groups with a low, middle, and high resistance to acute hypoxia.     

Effect of antenatal and postnatal hypoxia on the central nervous system and its correction with peptide hormones

Ante- and postnatal acute hypoxia significantly aggravated the postnatal development. The posthypoxic behaviour patterns included hyperactivity and training ability inhibition typical for the attention deficit syndrome. A preventive injection of peptide constellation significantly improved the posthypoxic postnatal development and abolished the most of the negative modifications of behavioural patterns.     

Toxic lesions to the central nervous system in acute poisoning with red lead]

Three cases of poisoning with oral red lead are presented. All 3 young persons ingested red lead for suicidal purposes. Six months prior to this poisoning all of the underwent detailed, medical examinations which did not reveal any pathologies. Toxicological analysis of the body fluids has shown the following results of urinalysis: lead (Pb) 2.41-9.29 mg/L; delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 1.7-2.7 mg%; coproporphyrin-0.033-0.11 mg/L. Central nervous system activity has been assessed with the aid of a complex psychiatric examination, psychological tests, EEG, and CT-scans of the head. Organic lesions to CNS have been diagnosed in all poisoned patients. All of them were re-examined 4 months and 3 years after poisoning. This has enabled dynamic evaluation of remote CNS damage.     

Stratification in the central nervous system]

Stratigenesis in the optic tectum of developing chick embryos was investigated between the 4th and the 11th day of incubation. Stratification is achieved by successive emigration of cell contigents from the proliferative layer. In the opinion of the authors the main factor which determines this very regular cell migration would be a gradient of oxygen and of metabolites. The gradient has to appear in the wall of tectum due to its typical vascular network. Experiences with induced hypoxia or with selective damage of the proliferative layer strengthen the hypotesis of an oxygen gradient playing the role of a generally active epigenetic factor in the stratigenesis of the central nervous system.     

Erythrocyte ion transport in rats subjected to acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia

Our study addresses selected parameters of rat erythrocyte ion transport (Na(+)-K(+) pump, Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport, and passive cation fluxes) after acute or chronic hypoxia exposure. We did not find any significant change of ion transport after acute hypoxia. However, chronic hypoxia could modify ion transport because the affinity of Na(+)-K(+) pump for intracellular Na(+) seems to be decreased.     

Changes in the incorporation of labelled amino acids into proteins and homogenates of the brains of rats that have suffered acute hypoxia in the antenatal period]

The authors studied C14-leucine and S35-methionine incorporation into the brain tissue homogenates and protein from different parts of the brain of rats subjected to intrauterine hypoxia. Depression of protein synthesis in certain brain structures, particularly in the hyppocampus was observed alongside with the stimulation of the amino acid incorporation into proteins of the other parts of the brain. Changes of the amino acid penetration into tissue homogenates fialed to correlate with the rate of their incorporation into proteins in separate structures of the brain. Experimental results pointed to disfunction in the protein metabolism intensity and in the blood-brain barrier system occurring during the late ontogenesis in rats surviving the intrauterine hypoxia.     

自主神经系统参与低氧下的免疫调节作用

目的：探讨低氧条件下自主祖辈 经系统对大鼠脾淋巴细胞转化的调节作用。方法：检测减压低氧下外周血中神经递质与脾淋巴细胞转化。结果：大鼠5km低氧暴露24h,脾淋巴细胞对丝裂原反应性下降,外周交感神经损毁后则可阻断低氧对此的抑制作用;小鼠于真空瓶中0.07MPa缺氧10min血浆中去甲肾上腺素（NE）与肾上腺素（E）均明显升高;大鼠5km低氧24h,血浆中乙酰胆碱水平下降;体外培养的大鼠脾淋邓细胞中加入不同浓度的乙酰胆碱,胸腺嘧啶核苷掺入作用呈浓度依赖性增加。结论：以上结果提示自主神经系统参与低氧下的免疫调节,交感神经系统有免疫抑制作用,副交感神经起免疫增强作用。     

Bombesin affects the central nervous system to produce hyperglycemia in rats

Bombesin, a peptide isolated from frog skin, acts through the central nervous system to produce hyperglycemia in rats. Bombesin induced hyperglycemia may be mediated via adrenomedullary-catecholamine induced changes in insulin and glucagon secretion resulting in enhanced hepatic glucose output.     

Effect of adaptation to altitude hypoxia in early ontogeny on the indices of higher nervous activity]

Newborn male and female Wistar rats were adapted to hypoxia in a pressure chamber. Adaptation was started from the "altitude" of 1000 m, 1 hour daily, and then the time and the intensity of hypoxic actions were gradually increased: beginning from the 17th day the animals were subjected to adaptation to the "altitude" of 5000 m, for 5 hours, 5 days a week. The defence conditioned reflex of active avoidance was provoked in the animals after 2-month adaptation. A tendency to a more rapid elaboration of the reflex and a markedly enhanced degree of its retention in comparison with control was revealed in the adapted males. No significant changes in the elaboration and rentention of the reflex were found in the female animals adapted to hypoxia under analogous conditions.