南京地区药用植物资源调查

对南京地区的药用植物资源进行了初步调查,据植物分类学统计,南京地区有药用植物107科281属357种,其中蕨类植物12科12属12种,种子植物95科269属345种.对数种江苏特产和稀有的药用植物进行了介绍.     

安徽伞形科植物新记录

2002年9月,作者在地处大别山区的安徽省金寨县天堂寨自然保护区进行伞形科植物调查时,发现了安徽省伞形科新分布记录种5个,并对这些种类的生境和地理分布特点作了初步分析.     

江西官山自然保护区药用植物资源

对江西官山自然保护区药用植物调查显示,该地区共有药用植物1378种,其中,药用藻类4种,药用真菌26种,药用地衣5种,药用苔藓36种,药用蕨类93种,药用种子植物642种,常用中药210种,药用珍稀濒危植物94种,药用观赏植物124种,农兽药植物127种。此外,还发现9种江西地理记录新分布,并介绍了药用植物资源合理利用的概况。     

贵州省楠杆自然保护区药用植物多样性调查

贵州德江楠杆自然保护区药用植物资源种类丰富,首次调查植物种类达2 000余种,查阅药用植物文献资料记载,鉴定有药用植物1 079种,隶属于201科603属。其中,真菌类植物19科23属35种,苔藓类14科14属16种,石松和蕨类植物19科42属88种,裸子植物7科11属14种,双子叶植物121科426属792种,单子叶植物21科87属134种,草本多达587种,木本多达438种。对该地区药用植物的组成、丰富度与周边地区进行了比较,提出了保护利用及可持续发展的建议。     

西藏米林县珍稀濒危药用植物优先保护评价

通过设置样方和路线踏查,对米林县的野生药用植物资源进行调查,并利用多个指标定量计算各濒危植物的优先保护值,确定其珍稀濒危物种优先保护序列,对珍稀濒危药用植物的种类、药效和入药部位多样性进行了分析。结果表明:米林县共有药用保护植物37科72属97种,分别占药用植物总科数、总属数、总种数的48.05%、32.00%、30.70%。其中,被子植物有35科69属95种,裸子植物有2科2属2种。97种珍稀濒危药用植物中,处于Ⅰ级保护的药用植物有9科11属11种,处于Ⅱ级保护的药用植物有18科25属27种,处于Ⅲ级保护的药用植物有28科46属59种。从珍稀濒危药用植物的药效来看,清热功效和补虚功效的药用植物较多,分别有32种和20种,各占濒危药用植物总种数的32.99%、20.62%;从药用部位统计,根与根茎类和全草类的药用植物分别有34种和26种,占珍稀濒危药用植物总数比例较大,分别为35.05%、26.80%。该区评估的优先保护等级和濒危等级与保护植物名录有一定差异,桃儿七在本区的保护等级由Ⅲ级升为Ⅰ级,另外有7种植物的濒危程度在本区加强。基于调查和研究结果分析了米林县珍稀濒危药用植物的致濒原因,并就此提出了一些具体的保护建议和措施。     

淄博市博山区药用植物资源调查与保护

目的：掌握淄博市博山区药用植物分布规律与资源现状,为该区域药用植物资源保护和合理开发提供参考依据。方法：以《山东省草本植物种质资源普查与收集技术流程》为工作准则,通过野外外业调查对植物进行采集和内业标本制作、整理数据编制药用植物名录,从而对该区域的药用植物资源进行全面调查研究。结果：淄博市博山区共有225种药用植物,隶属于72科117属。药用植物生活型以草本植物为主,占比67.11%。植物入药部位以全草类和根及根茎类为主。该地区有常用药用植物93种,占总数41.33%。珍稀濒危植物84种。结论：淄博市博山区野生药用植物资源相对丰富,但植物利用开发程度不高,尚需合理开发和保护。     

湖北省药用植物资源调查研究

湖北省药用植物共2818种(含种以下等级)分属194科,977属,占全省植物总数的67%。其中包括中药材544种,民间草药2226种及48种存在不同程度的混淆。根据本省的自然条件、植被及药用植物分布等特点,我们将本省划分为两个地带六个区,并介绍了各区的主要药用植物和湖北新分布植物。并对植物资源的保护、开发和利用等进行了探讨。     

云南省腾冲县药用维管植物资源与多样性

研究区域药用植物资源的分布与多样性,可为区域药用植物资源保护和开发利用提供科学依据。于2010-2011年期间,采用野外调查、标本采集、文献资料与标本查阅等方法,对腾冲县药用维管植物资源进行了系统研究。结果表明:腾冲县有药用维管植物153科450属651种,其中蕨类植物32科51属68种,裸子植物仅有3科3属4种,被子植物118科396属579种。腾冲县药用植物优势科为唇形科、菊科和豆科。从药用部位来看,全草类植物比例较高,其次是根和根茎类。按药用功效划分,腾冲药用维管植物以清热、祛风湿和活血化瘀类药用植物居多。在此基础上,提出了加强县域药用植物种质资源合理开发和有效保护的建议与措施。     

药用植物功能基因

药用植物功能基因研究是药用植物基因研究中最活跃的领域。以药用植物功能基因在GenBank中注册的统计数据为基础 ,介绍了药用植物功能基因研究的最新进展。注册的功能基因涉及 32属 42种药用植物。统计数据包括 :自 1 992年至 2 0 0 3年 (前 9个月 )每年注册基因总数、基因注册数最多的 1 6种主要的药用植物以及在药用植物功能基因研究方面比较活跃的 1 4个国家。还重点报道了植物功能基因专利注册情况、黄酮类化合物与紫杉醇生物合成基因研究进展以及植物P45 0基因研究现状 ,对药用植物生物合成功能基因研究的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

安徽省天堂寨植物花粉形态研究

应用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对安徽省大别山区天堂寨春季开花的30科68种7变种植物的花粉形态进行了观察和研究,提供了花粉图谱、植物生长习性和地理分布范围.同时对该地区植物的生态因子,包括地理位置、海拔高度、年降水量、年积温及生境等进行归纳总结.这些信息可为利用地层中化石花粉重建该地区古气候、古环境及气候变迁提供必要的古生态...     

Capacities of computer evaluation of hidden potential of phytochemicals of medicinal plants of the traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine

Applicability of our computer programs PASS and PharmaExpert for prediction of biological activity spectra of rather complex and structurally diverse phytocomponents of medicinal plants, both separately and in combinations has been evaluated. For this purpose we have created the web-resource containing known information about structural formulas and biological activity of 1906 phytocomponents of 50 Ayurvedic medicinal plants used in Traditional Indian Medicine (TIM) (http://ayurveda.pharmaexpert.ru). The PASS training set was updated by addition of information about structure and biological activity of 946 natural compounds; then the training procedure and validation were performed, to estimate the quality of PASS prediction. It was shown that the differences between the average accuracy of prediction obtained in leave-5%-out cross-validation (94.467%) and in leave-one-out cross-validation (94.605%) are very small thus demonstrating high predictive ability of the program. Results of biological activity spectra prediction for all phytocomponents included in our database coincided in 83.5% of cases with known experimental data. Additional types of biological activity predicted with high probability indicate further promising directions for further studies of certain phytocomponents of some medicinal plants. The analysis of prediction results of sets of phytocomponents in each of 50 medicinal plants was made by the PharmaExpert software. Based on this analysis, we found that the combination of phytocomponents from Passiflora incarnata may exhibit nootropic, anticonvulsant, and antidepressant effects. Experiments carried out in mice models confirmed the predicted effects of P. incarnata extracts.     

Assessing conservation priorities of threatened medicinal plants in China: A new comprehensive phylogenetic scoring system

Over-harvesting, habitat loss and fragmentation, and biological invasions have led to a sharp decline in wild medicinal plants population in China, where they are an essential component of traditional medicine and used widely. The current national list of protected medicinal materials, the State Key-protected Wild Medicinal Species List (SKPWMSL), which has not been revised for 30 years, is in urgent need of an update. This study proposes a new scoring system with seven indicators that set the conservation priorities of threatened medicinal plants. The advantages of our approach include: (i) quantitative methods with high repeatability and comparability; and (ii) consideration of the evolutionary history of medicinal species. After assessing 911 threatened medicinal angiosperms in China, we identified 112 species as key medicinal plants for conservation priority (KMPCP). We suggest promoting the SKPWMSL with KMPCP as a supplement and update. Meanwhile, our scoring system will improve the future setting of conservation priority and can be extended to other countries or regions.     

药用植物资源利用的一种分析模型

在系统分析药用植物资源利用的各方面因素基础上,以资源利用模式为研究切入点,提出了一个基于资源利用模式和模式形成路径的分析模型（Pattem—Path Model）,用于整体分析某一药用体系中植物资源的开发利用水平和发展过程。应用该分析模型对2005版中国药典使用的药用植物资源（549种高等植物）进行了分析,结果表明：中国药典中应用的药用植物,其资源利用发展较成熟（供应持续性良好的植物资源占79％,暂不能持续供应的占21％）;但是资源利用的发展过程不尽合理（部分植物资源的栽培开展滞后于野生资源的枯竭,占40％）。该结论与已有定性评价观点相一致,并量化地体现出资源利用的发展水平和发展过程,能够推广应用到其他药用体系的资源利用分析,为药用植物资源的利用管理提供决策依据。     

The ability of Nature Reserves to conserve medicinal plant resources: A case study in northeast China

Medicinal plants are important resources and are under serious threat due to human interference and climate change. We used species richness maps to find hotspots of medicinal plant localities and then modeled the environmental variables with a large effect on their distribution. We began by using a combination of species distribution models (SDMs) and geographic information system (GIS) tools to generate species richness maps of medicinal plants in northeast China. First, we conducted a detailed investigation of 2884 study plots in northeast China and selected 49 medicinal plant species for further analysis. The field surveys performed for this study spanned four years and identified a large number of new populations of medicinal plants in the forests of northeast China. We modeled and mapped the potential distributions of these 49 species and found that species richness hotspots are concentrated in the eastern and northeastern areas of the study region. We then analyzed the results of jackknife tests and found that the most important environmental variables on medicinal plant distribution are related to precipitation. Finally, we used the geographic distribution of medicinal plant richness to evaluate the ability of existing Nature Reserves to conserve these plants. By acquiring model data and using SDM and GIS to evaluate the current distribution and richness of medicinal plants, we are able to evaluate their current protection status and make recommendations about their utilization. This analysis could be expanded to assess medicinal plant populations in other regions where there are adequate records of the current distribution of medicinal plants.     

A database for medicinal and aromatic plants of JK (Jammu and Kashmir) in India

High throughput screening of small molecules for a given drug target is achieved using plant materials of medicinal value. Therefore, it is important to document the availability and location of such medicinal plants in the form of a database. Here, we describe a web database containing information (botanical name, common name, local name, botany, chemistry, folklore medicinal use and medicinal uses) about the medicinal and aromatic plants available in JK (Jammu and Kashmir). The database is available for free in public domain.

Availability     

西藏色季拉山主要野生药用植物资源评价

对色季拉山国家森林公园中的森林植物作了总体概述,着重对65种主要野生药用植物,从生境、海拔范围、药用部分、性味及主要药用功效等作了初步评价。     

Medicinal Plant Use and Health Sovereignty: Findings from the Tajik and Afghan Pamirs

Medicinal plants are indicators of indigenous knowledge in the context of political volatility and sociocultural and ecological change in the Pamir Mountains of Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Medicinal plants are the primary health care option in this region of Central Asia. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that medicinal plants contribute to health security and sovereignty in a time of instability. We illustrate the nutritional as well as medicinal significance of plants in the daily lives of villagers. Based on over a decade and half of research related to resilience and livelihood security, we present plant uses in the context of mountain communities. Villagers identified over 58 cultivated and noncultivated plants and described 310 distinct uses within 63 categories of treatment and prevention. Presence of knowledge about medicinal plants is directly connected to their use.     

安徽九华山药用资源及评价体系初探

在野外调查、民间访问和查阅大量资料的基础上,全面系统地整理出安徽九华山药用资源(包括药用植物、动物以及矿物);初步建立了以蕴藏系数、保护缓急程度等6项指标在内的定量评析珍稀药材的指标体系。结果表明：九华山有药用植物约810种(包括种级以下单位)、药用动物约90种、药用矿物5种。根据所拟订的定量评析指标体系,银杏、金钱松、杜仲、短萼黄连、明党参、金刚大、霍山石斛为急需保护的物种,凹叶厚朴、天麻为需要保护物种。     

福建珍稀南药植物资源及其开发利用

基于多年南药植物引种、种植和驯化的实践经验,概述福建35种珍稀南药植物,编录了各植物的药用部位、性味及生境等,并提出南药资源合理开发和持续利用的建议。     

广西龙胜红瑶传统药用植物的民族植物学知识

瑶族是一个拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的民族,红瑶是其中一个分支,因妇女服饰上的花纹图案以大红色为主而得名,其生活习俗饱含民族特色,对植物尤其是药用植物的利用方式,与其他民族不同。该研究采用经典的民族植物学理论和方法,访问调查了广西龙胜红瑶传统药用植物种类,根据植物拉丁名、中文名、当地名、用途、用法及药用部位,对其进行民族植物学编目,并与《中国药典》作了比较。结果表明:共记录到药用植物95种,隶属于57科83属,其中蔷薇科、百合科种类最多,分别含有7种,显示龙胜红瑶传统药用植物资源的多样性;全株入药的植物种类41种,占总数的43.16%;根入药的种类为23种,占总数的24.21%;叶入药的种类为13种,占总数的13.68%。药用植物的药用部位以全株、根及叶为主;治疗风湿类疾病的药物比重最大,为23.47%,推测与其生活的环境有关;与《中国药典》比较,发现71种植物未被其收录,另有17种虽被收录但主治功效不同,有7种被收录且主治功效大致相同,为新型中药的研发提供了借鉴。同时,还探讨了龙胜红瑶传统药用植物的药用价值、资源现状及文化传承的问题。