实验室培养条件下绒泡菌科四种黏菌个体发育比较研究

本文应用悬滴培养、燕麦-琼脂培养等方法及显微成像技术对绒泡菌科Physaraceae 4种黏菌（黄头绒泡菌Physarum flavicomum、淡黄绒泡菌Physarum melleum、垂头绒泡菌Physarum album、针箍菌Physarella oblonga）的个体发育特征进行比较研究,首次实现了垂头绒泡菌在实验室条件下的完整生活循环。4种黏菌孢子萌发均为V-型开裂,但萌发时间有所不同,黄头绒泡菌萌发所需时间最短,仅需5h,而针箍菌萌发所需时间最长,需要2d;针箍菌和淡黄绒泡菌形成的黏变形体均可转变为游动胞,而相同条件下黄头绒泡菌和垂头绒泡菌并未有游动胞形成;4种黏菌原生质团的生长速率不同,在光照刺激下针箍菌、淡黄绒泡菌、黄头绒泡菌和垂头绒泡菌的原生质团分别经过2-3d、2-3d、7d和13d,发育成子实体;完成孢子到孢子的整个生活史,针箍菌和淡黄绒泡菌需要25-30d,黄头绒泡菌和垂头绒泡菌需要40-45d。     

慢性前列腺炎患者病原学诊断和药敏试验的研究

对 30 0例慢性前列腺炎患者以无菌手续取得前列腺液进行需氧菌及厌氧菌培养和药敏试验 ,结果证明慢性前列腺炎为混合感染 ,其中 ,需氧菌主要为表皮葡萄球菌 (12 0株占 40 % ) ,其次是棒状杆菌 (5 2株占 17.33% )。厌氧培养主要是痤疮丙酸杆菌 (88株占 2 9.33% ) ,消化链球菌 (70株占 2 3.33% ) ,表皮葡萄球菌 (5 5株占 18.33% )。因而兼性厌氧菌是该病主要的病原菌。药敏试验证明 :使用时间长、频繁的抗生素耐药率高 ,使用时间短 ,耐药率低。当被“冷落”数年后的耐药性较高的抗生素再用时 ,抗菌效果反而更好     

南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒介体昆虫白背飞虱的传毒特性

白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)为传播南方水稻黑条矮缩病病毒(SRBSDV)的媒介昆虫,阐明其传毒特性将有助于了解南方水稻黑条矮缩病的发生流行规律和建立相应的防治方法。本研究通过RT-PCR技术测定了白背飞虱的传毒参数。结果表明,白背飞虱初孵若虫、3龄若虫、5龄若虫、长翅型成虫和短翅型成虫的最短获毒时间分别是11、6、3、2和2min,最长获毒时间分别是19、12、9、8和8min。在26℃时,SRBSDV在不同虫态(初孵若虫、3龄若虫、5龄若虫、长翅型成虫和短翅型成虫)的白背飞虱体内的循回期分别是7～11、5～8、3～7、4～8和3～6d。5龄若虫、长翅型和短翅型成虫在三叶一心稻苗的最短接毒时间为4、5和6min,最长接毒时间为8、10和11min;它们在分蘖初期稻苗上的最短接毒时间分别是5、7和7min,最长接毒时间分别是10、12和12min。白背飞虱获毒后可终身传毒,但不能经白背飞虱卵传毒,单虫最多传毒株数为87株,平均传毒48.3±0.8株。可见,该虫具有较强的获毒能力和传毒能力,秧苗易感染SRBSDV。因此,在防治上应尽量清除田间SRBSDV毒源植物,减少白背飞虱获毒的机会,在秧田期和移栽初期应重点防治飞虱。     

三带喙库蚊实验室种群的观察

本文所用蚊虫系采自北京郊区、人工养殖5年的实验室种群。室内保持25—28℃及70—80％的相对湿度。平均水温24℃±1。必要时对幼虫或成蚊进行单体饲养。以小鼠做为血源。 一、生活史所需时间 取一含203枚卵的卵筏,跟踪观察各期变化。共孵出幼虫169条,孵化率83.25％。幼虫发育所需时间以2龄为最短、4龄为最长。特别间差异不大,见表1。各龄幼虫均有死亡,除2龄死亡率为2.5％,其余均在3—8％之间。羽化出成蚊95只,羽化率为91.35％。雄蚊与雌蚊数量之比为1.2:1。     

细菌自动培养仪厌氧培养的临床应用

目的 :探讨用细菌自动培养仪作厌氧培养的临床应用价值。方法 :选用 mini VITAL 全自动荧光血培养仪检测常见临床标本 5472份 (其中血液 4869瓶、胸腹水 2 40瓶、脓腔及组织穿刺液 175瓶、脑脊液12 2瓶、骨髓液 2 3瓶、胆汁及其引流液 2 1瓶、其他 2 2瓶 )厌氧培养结果 ,对其阳性检出率、检出细菌种类和时间、假阳性以及药敏结果进行综合分析和评估。结果 :设定收瓶时间为 5d,厌氧培养的阳性检出率为2 5.51% (其中胆汁 76.19% ,脓汁 57.14 % ,血液 2 5.2 8% ,胸腹水 14 .17% ,骨髓 13 .0 4% ,脑脊液 5.74% ) ;共检出各种感染菌 3 3属 77种 ,专性厌氧菌、微需氧菌和兼性厌氧菌的比例为 4.8∶ 1.0∶ 94.2 ;专性厌氧菌的平均检出时间为 (2 6.13± 2 0 .59) h;兼性厌氧菌的检出时间厌氧株比需氧株平均延长 -0 .54～ 4.7h;假阳性率 0 .16% ;药敏结果厌氧株的耐药率普遍较需氧株低。结论 :仪器厌氧培养简便、快速、安全、有效 ,是临床常见标本检测厌氧菌值得推荐使用的方法 ;与需氧培养配对应用可提高培养阳性检出率     

球形棕囊藻的生长特性及生活史研究

对球形棕囊藻不同的藻株(香港株HK和汕头株ST)在实验室条件下分别进行了形态学,生活史及生长曲线的研究,结果表明:球形棕囊藻具有一个复杂的异型生活史,具有两种不同的生活形态:群体和游离的单细胞,香港株和汕头株二者单细胞呈球形或近球形,直径大多为3-9μm;群体呈中空的球形囊泡,细胞包埋在胶质囊中较均匀分布,但二者群体大小有较大差异。当培养达到一定阶段,群体衰亡破裂释放大量单细胞。批次培养中球形棕囊藻的生长周期约为20-30d,香港株最适生长温度接近25℃,最大比生长率为038;汕头株的最适生长温度接近30℃,最大比生长率为042,这说明温度是重要的生长限制因子之一。       

一株甲胺磷分解菌的分离及其特性研究

通过富集驯化和选择性培养,从福建三农集团污水处理池的活性污泥中筛选到一株能以甲胺磷为惟一碳源和氮源的细菌DM-1。研究了该菌形态与部分生理生化特性。DM-1菌在无机盐基础培养基中对甲胺磷的最高耐受浓度为1500mg／L,DM-1菌最适生长条件：起始pH值8．0,培养温度28℃,接种量3．0％,摇床转速150r／min,培养时间72h。最佳碳、氮源分别为D-甘露醇和蛋白胨。     

浓缩苹果汁生产过程中脂环酸芽孢杆菌的分离及初步鉴定

本文对浓缩苹果汁生产过程中的嗜酸耐热菌进行了分离,得到45株纯的嗜酸耐热芽孢杆菌。根据脂环酸芽孢杆菌(Alicyclobacillus)嗜酸的特点,用LB平板进行筛选,结果表明所有的菌株都嗜酸。用抗热性试验研究了这些菌株产生芽孢的培养时间,结果表明,所有考察的菌株中,33株与DSM3922的生长周期一致,48h内产生芽孢;3株菌生长速度较快,培养17h就能产生芽孢;还有3株菌生长速度较慢,需培养48h后才能产生芽孢。在采用16S rDNA PCR-RFLP法对筛选得到的脂环酸芽孢杆菌进行快速鉴定的基础上,选取7株可能是新种的未知菌株与5株已知的参比菌株的19个表型特征进行了试验研究和聚类分析,结果进一步证实了这7株菌都是与已知参比菌株不同的菌株。     

青霉素酰化酶产生菌的筛选和大肠杆菌AS 1.76产酶条件的研究

为筛选较优的产青霉素酰化酶的菌种,我们从9个属的232株纽菌中选出了19株产青霉素酰化酶的大肠杆菌,其中,AS 1．76和E 110为最好。还对大肠杆菌AS 1.76的产酶条件进行了研究。结果表明,最适的培养基成分是(％)：蛋白胨l,苯乙酸0．2,玉米浆0．3,氯化钠0．5;在250毫升的三角瓶中装30毫升培养基时,通气量正合适：培养基的初始pH以7.0为佳;培养时间15小时。在未加玉米浆的培养基中,少量的Fe2+(5馓克／毫升)对酶形成有刺激作用,过量的Fe2+(大于10教克／毫升)是不利的;在培养基中添加0．3％的玉米浆能降低Fe2+对酶形成毒害作用。     

银环蛇咬伤257例临床分析

我院自 1 96 4年至 2 0 0 1年 5月共收治银环蛇咬伤患者 2 5 7例 ,采用中西医结合方法治疗 ,取得满意疗效 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 .1　一般资料　本组病例均为住院病人 ,男 2 3 4例 ,女 2 3例 ,平均年龄 40岁 ,伤后就诊时间最短3 0 min,最长 1 2 h,轻型 1 2 2例 ,重型 70例 ,危重型 6 5例 ,其中呼吸停止最长时间 3 8h。1 .2　临床表现 [1] 　局部伤口微痒痛 ,潮红 ,多可见牙痕为“··”形状 ,并有咽喉不适 ,视物模糊 ,眼睑下垂 ,语言不清 ,呼吸急促而浅 (3 0～ 40次 /分 ) ,口唇指甲发绀 ,继而出现呼吸三凹征 ,呼吸不规则 ,四肢乏力 ,…     

培菌白蚁与鸡枞菌研究进展

培菌白蚁起源于非洲,蚁巢内具有复杂的社会分工.培菌白蚁依靠独特的蚁巢结构维持内部稳态和气体循环.菌圃是白蚁培育鸡枞菌的场所.鸡枞菌隶属于担子菌亚门,但其传播方式和生活史具有区别于其它担子菌的特点.鸡枞菌协助白蚁进行植物纤维的消化,白蚁则为鸡枞菌提供合适的生长环境,并控制鸡枞菌的遗传结构.培菌白蚁和鸡枞菌形成紧密的共生关...     

异迟眼蕈蚊在不同植物上的生长发育及种群参数

【目的】异迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia difformis Frey的幼虫取食为害作物的地下部分,影响作物的品质,为了明确韭菜、蚕豆、生菜、白菜和甘蓝5种植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育以及繁殖的影响。【方法】本试验采用室内人工饲养测定的方法,研究了5种不同植物对异迟眼蕈蚊生长发育,繁殖力和存活率的影响,并统计了其对异迟眼蕈蚊种群参数的影响。【结果】结果表明:卵到蛹的发育历期依次为甘蓝、白菜、韭菜、生菜、蚕豆;5种植物对雌雄虫寿命影响不显著,对雌虫产卵量以及蛹重均有影响,其中在韭菜上的产卵量最大,甘蓝最少,在韭菜上蛹最重,生菜上蛹最轻;异迟眼蕈蚊的存活率随着生长发育降低,总体在韭菜上的存活率高于其他寄主植物,在生菜上的存活率均最低。统计分析不同植物对异迟眼蕈蚊种群参数的影响,净增殖率和内禀增长率在韭菜上最大而在甘蓝上最小;平均世代周期在蚕豆上最短,甘蓝上最长;种群加倍时间在韭菜上最短,而在甘蓝上最长。【结论】由此可知,异迟眼蕈蚊均可以在韭菜,蚕豆,生菜,白菜和甘蓝上完成生长发育及繁殖,其对5种植物的适应性依次为:韭菜、蚕豆、白菜、甘蓝和生菜。     

Replication of Deoxyribonucleic Acid During the Division Cycle of Salmonella typhimurium

The rate of thymidine incorporation into cells of Salmonella typhimurium growing in different media has been measured. In glucose-minimal medium, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication occurs during the first two-thirds of the division cycle; the final one-third of the division cycle was devoid of DNA replication. The measured doubling time of S. typhimurium in this medium is approximately 48 min, indicating that C (the time for a round of replication) and D (the time between termination and cell division) are approximately 32 and 16 min, respectively. At slower growth rates the pattern of replication is the same as glucose minimal medium. At faster growth rates the "gap" in DNA synthesis disappears. At rapid growth rates evidence for multiple forks is obtained.     

Growth regulation in Neurospora crassa effects of nutrients and of temperature

Summary Mycelia of Neurospora crassa growing with quite different rates at a given temperature (30°C) are obtained by changing the composition of the culture medium: for instance a duplication time of 220 min is found when cultures are growing in Vogel's minimal medium supplemented with glycerol and one of 80 min when cultures are growing in Vogel's minimal medium supplemented with sucrose and casein hydrolysate. The kinetics of shifth-down and shift-up transitions of growth between culture conditions supporting different rates of growth are described. Temperatures above 40°C and below 20°C severely restrict growth in Vogel's minimal medium supplemented with sucrose. The Arrhenius plot of the constant of the rate of growth suggests that an inactivation process occurs at low temperatures: the molecular basis for such a process is discussed.Abbreviations used A₄₅₀ absorbance at 450 mm     

Growth patterns in the modern human skeleton

This study investigates cross sectional growth patterns in the human skeleton using a recent skeletal sample of known age and sex. Measurements were selected to reflect different functional regions of the cranium, mandible and post cranial skeleton, and growth is evaluated using a single phase Gompertz curve. Different parts of the skeleton vary in the proportion of adult size attained at birth and in their subsequent rate of attainment of adult size. The paper introduces a method for the objective and quantitative comparison of the growth of different samples, and is used in this instance to analyze sexual differences in the growth of the post cranial skeleton. The development of sexual dimorphism is evaluated in terms of differences in the rate and duration of male and female growth. Adult sexual dimorphism is generally lower in early growing variables than in later-growing variables. There is considerable diversity in the ontogenetic basis of sexual dimorphism in the human skeleton demonstrating that the development of sexual dimorphism within a species should not be regarded as a uniform phenomenon. Am J Phys Anthropol 105:57–72, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Control of F′lac Replication in Escherichia coli B/r

The timing of replication of an F'lac plasmid during the division cycle of Escherichia coli B/r lac(-)/F'lac was examined in relation to the timing of initiation of chromosome replication. This was accomplished by measuring the induction of beta-galactosidase and the incorporation of radioactive thymidine into cells at different ages in cultures growing exponentially at various rates. In cells growing with interdivision times of 27, 36, and 55 min, the F'lac replicated at various stages in the division cycle but always at approximately the same time as initiation of chromosome replication. In cells growing with an interdivision time of 85 min, the F'lac episome replicated midway through the division cycle, whereas chromosome replication initiated at the start of the cycle. Measurements of absorbance at 450 nm per cell suggested that the F'lac replicated when the cells reached a mass which was a constant multiple of the number of episomes per cell at each growth rate. In contrast, the mass per cell at initiation of chromosome replication in cells with an 85-min interdivision time was significantly lower than this constant value. A possible explanation for the apparent coupling between F'lac replication and initiation of chromosome replication at the higher growth rates, and the lack of coupling at the lowest growth rate, is discussed.     

Application of genetic algorithms for sequencing of AS/RS with a triple-shuttle module in class-based storage

Materials handling systems, as a main support to the dynamism of logistic systems, must be highly productive, well utilised, and very efficiently controlled. In the case of high volume, large capacity warehouse systems, an AS/RS (automatic storage/retrieval system) is a typical solution to these requirements. The performance of an AS/RS is closely related to the implementation of different control policies. The sequencing policy, used to create minimum overall handling time tours, has a great impact on system performances. The selection of an appropriate sequencing method is even more significant in a more complex case of multiple shuttle S/R (storage/retrieval) devices because of the mutual paring between more than one storing and retrieving tasks. This paper is focused on the sequencing problem of a triple-shuttle AS/RS in a class-based storage system under a modified sextuple command cycle policy with a planning horizon that comprises the realisation of several successive cycles of S/R device. To solve the problem, three commonly used greedy heuristics (nearest neighbour, reversed nearest neighbour, and shortest leg) are adapted, and a genetic algorithm is proposed.     

Time-lapse analysis and normal stages of development of cleavage and blastocyst formation in the marsupials the brown antechinus and the stripe-faced dunnart

The first six normal stages of cleavage and blastocyst formation in vitro of the brown antechinus and the stripe-faced dunnart are described based on 429 embryos from 37 dunnarts and 143 embryos from 32 antechinus and an information from previous studies. Embryos were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with high glucose and 10% foetal calf serum at 35 degrees C and 5% CO2 in air. Seven antechinus and 18 dunnart embryos were cultured in Rose chambers and filmed by time-lapse cinematography, with an exposure of 0.2 sec and at a rate of 1 frame/30 sec. A rim of zona was formed around the yolk mass during early cleavage. Blastomeres attached to this rim, ensuring that the zona in the hemisphere containing the yolk mass was the first to be lined by blastomeres during blastocyst formation, which is completed at about the 32-cell stage. Two foci were established during cleavage. The descendants of the first cell to divide at the four-cell stage included, at both the fourth and fifth division, the first cell to divide and the cell with the shortest cell cycle time and had the shortest average cell cycle time at each division. The descendants of the cell opposite the first cell to divide at the four-cell stage included, at both the fourth and fifth divisions, the last cell to divide and the cell with the longest cell cycle time and had the longest average cell cycle time at each division.     

Analysis of cytokinetics by means of Feulgen cytofluorometry combine with 3H-thymidine autoradiography

DNA cytofluorometry combined with autoradiography after pulse-labelling with ³H-TdR visualizes movement of the labelled cells along the cell cycle. If the specimen is fixed after an adequate waiting time, this method enables us to measure the absolute length of the S phase in a cell population with a single sampling. The method was applied for Yoshida sarcoma cells proliferating in the rat ascites. Using a single specimen fixed after 4 h waiting time, the shortest, the average, and the longest durations of S phase in the population were estimated at 5.8, 7.5 and 13 h, respectively. Measurement on a flash-labelled specimen gives the relative durations of G 1, S, G 2 and M. It is shown that, using these 2 samples, a complete cell cycle time analysis can be performed.     

糠秕马拉色菌药敏试验新方法的探讨

目的 建立一种新的糠秕马拉色菌药敏试验方法.方法 在ATBF2半固体培养基中添加不同种类和含量的脂质,用ATB Fungus 3药敏板条对ATCC14521和临床分离的糠秕马拉色菌进行了MIC测试.结果 孵育时间为72 h时对照孔中糠秕马拉色菌生长充分,吐温40浓度为1％时糠秕马拉色菌生长充分,且对药敏结果的影响最小.脂质的种类和含量对实验结果有影响.结论 用改良ATB Fungus 3药敏试验方法对糠秕马拉色菌进行抗真菌药敏试验,方法操作简便、结果易观察、试验结果重复性好.临床分离菌株与糠秕马拉色菌ATCC14521在ATB Fungus 3对照孔中的生长状况相同,结果易于判断.