广东省草地贪夜蛾种群周年动态及发生特征

为了明确广东省草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)种群周年消长动态及发生特征,根据2020年和2021年广东省草地贪夜蛾性诱监测及田间调查数据,分析不同生态区草地贪夜蛾成虫及幼虫种群周年发生动态。结果表明：(1)草地贪夜蛾在广东省大部分冬种玉米区可以周年繁殖,仅在清远、韶关、河源等地未发现幼虫为害;不同地区之间草地贪夜蛾越冬虫源基数差异较大,粤西发生为害较重,珠三角及粤东地区发生相对较轻;(2)周年繁殖区草地贪夜蛾成虫和幼虫全年均可发生为害,而季节发生区一般于3-4月才零星始见草地贪夜蛾成虫和幼虫,且诱蛾量、幼虫种群数量及为害程度均相对较低;(3)广东省草地贪夜蛾种群消长动态呈多峰型,发生高峰期主要集中于5-10月,期间出现多个大小不等的高峰,但峰期、蛾量和虫量在不同地区之间差异较大。本研究明确了广东省不同生态区草地贪夜蛾种群的周年消长动态及发生特征,为广东省乃至全国草地贪夜蛾的早期预警和精准防控提供重要参考。     

草地贪夜蛾对不同品种玉米的适应性比较研究

为了解不同玉米品种对草地贪夜蛾生长发育的影响,本文通过比较草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda取食2种糯质型玉米(明玉1203和苏玉糯5号)与3种普通玉米(苏玉29、苏玉30和郑单958)后的发育历期、死亡率、蛹重、成虫畸形率、繁殖力与幼虫取食选择率等生物学参数,分析了草地贪夜蛾对不同品种玉米的适应性差...     

苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒在宿主草地贪夜蛾选择压力下的毒力和基因变异

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)原产北美,现已入侵中国许多地区,造成了巨大的生态和经济损失.杆状病毒是多种昆虫的病原体,对非目标生物无毒无害,是很有应用前景的生物农药,其施用可大大减缓草地贪夜蛾对化学农药抗性产生速度.以往的研究发现,虽然苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(Autogr...     

草地贪夜蛾幼虫对常用杀虫剂相对敏感基线的建立

[目的]本研究旨在建立草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对常用杀虫剂的相对敏感基线,为我国草地贪夜蛾的抗药性系统性监测提供依据.[方法]从玉米田采集草地贪夜蛾在室内不接触任何杀虫剂连续饲养5～7代,采用浸叶法和点滴法测定了草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫以及采用饲料药膜法测定了草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫对6大类共7种常用杀...     

草地贪夜蛾对水稻和玉米的取食和产卵选择性与适合度

【目的】明确草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对寄主植物水稻和玉米的取食和产卵选择性与适合度,进而分析草地贪夜蛾对水稻的为害风险。【方法】采用自由选择法,测定草地贪夜蛾对水稻和玉米的取食、产卵选择性。调查取食水稻和玉米苗的草地贪夜蛾的生长发育、存活率、繁殖力的差异,用种群增长趋势指数(I)评价水稻对草地贪夜蛾的适合度。【结果】草地贪夜蛾对水稻和玉米的取食和产卵选择性存在显著差异。接虫后2-48 h,幼虫对玉米的取食选择率随时间延长而逐渐增加,而幼虫对水稻的取食选择率随时间延长而逐渐降低;接虫后48 h,2龄幼虫和4龄幼虫对玉米的取食选择率分别为93.06%和59.72%,分别是对水稻的取食选择率的66.95倍和21.48倍。自由产卵6 d,在玉米上的产卵量是在水稻上的8.64倍。与取食玉米苗的相比,取食水稻苗的草地贪夜蛾幼虫发育历期延长,卵孵化率、幼虫存活率、化蛹率和成虫羽化率均显著降低,雌性比率下降,雌成虫寿命显著缩短,单雌产卵量显著减少。取食玉米苗的草地贪夜蛾的种群增长趋势指数(I)为165.93,其在水稻上的相对适合度为0.21。【结论】相较于水稻,草地贪夜蛾在...     

基于有虫株率与幼虫密度关系的玉米苗期草地贪夜蛾发生程度分级研究

调查获得了玉米苗期草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(Smith)有虫株率和幼虫密度数据,建立了两者指数函数模型:Y=1.1518X~(1.1694),提出了玉米苗期以有虫株率和幼虫密度为指标的草地贪夜蛾发生程度分级标准。研究结果可为进行草地贪夜蛾田间虫情调查、分级提供参考。     

草地贪夜蛾与甜菜夜蛾种内和种间的竞争行为

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(Smith)和甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hübner)是我国重要的农作物害虫,存在很多共同的寄主植物。为明确草地贪夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾的竞争关系,本文在食物充足和食物缺乏条件下,研究了草地贪夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾种内和种间竞争行为;研究了不同初始种群密度草地贪夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾初孵幼虫在相同生态位的种群竞争行为。结果表明：无食物条件下,扭动行为是草地贪夜蛾种内竞争最主要的行为表现,其中3龄与5龄幼虫组合扭动行为出现次数最多,为8.57±0.49次/30 min。与无食物处理相比,有食物处理下草地贪夜蛾攻防行为次数较少。种间竞争中,在无食物条件下二者攻击行为主要表现为头部接触,防御主要表现为扭动行为,其中草地贪夜蛾4龄幼虫与甜菜夜蛾5龄幼虫竞争时头部接触和扭动行为最频繁,分别出现5.03±2.43次/30 min和18.47±5.92次/30 min。此外,同一龄期的草地贪夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾种间竞争中,草地贪夜蛾存活率更高;不同龄期两者竞争时,龄期相对较高的幼虫存活率更高,且有食物时两者存活率均高于无食物处理。种群竞争的室内模拟研究中,草...     

喜树碱对草地贪夜蛾幼虫中肠细菌群落组成及多样性的影响

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)是一种重要的入侵害虫,对多种作物生产造成严重的威胁.喜树碱是一种单萜类吲哚生物碱,对草地贪夜蛾幼虫生长发育具有显著抑制效果.本研究采用饲料混药法将喜树碱以1 mg/kg浓度处理草地贪夜蛾4龄幼虫3 d,解剖幼虫收集中肠内容物后采用16S rDNA...     

不同生育期玉米上草地贪夜蛾的发生为害规律

2019年在广东湛江、江门调查了玉米上草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)发生为害动态,分析了不同生育期玉米上该虫发生为害差异规律。发现各个地区草地贪夜蛾的虫口数量与玉米受害程度存在较大差异,呈现不均衡性;该虫对玉米苗期为害最严重,其次为大喇叭口期;建立了2个地区玉米6个生育期受害率与虫口数量之间的线性回归模型。研究结果可为草地贪夜蛾监测预警及防控提供参考。     

草地贪夜蛾首次入侵广东地区发生为害调查

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera furgiperda(J.E.Smith)是一种新的重要农业入侵害虫,目前已侵入我国云南、广西、广东等地。本研究调查了草地贪夜蛾首次入侵成虫后代幼虫在珠三角和粤北地区的种群密度和为害情况。结果表明:本次调查珠三角和粤北地区均已出现草地贪夜蛾取食为害,所调查的10种作物中,仅在玉米上发现取食为害;其中草地贪夜蛾幼虫在从化地区为害最重(虫口数量222头/百株、为害率80%),其次是连平(虫口数量98头/百株、为害率68%)、英德(虫口数量76头/百株、为害率62%)、增城(虫口数量66头/百株、为害率20%)和珠海(虫口数量46头/百株、为害率30%),新丰最低(虫口数量6头/百株、为害率3%)。本研究为监测草地贪夜蛾首次入侵的发生和为害提供依据,并为通过调查田间种群密度指导幼虫防治工作提供技术支持。     

模拟降雨对草地贪夜蛾卵和幼虫的影响

为探究降雨对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda种群的影响,本研究通过室外模拟降雨研究了雨水冲刷对草地贪夜蛾卵和幼虫的影响。结果表明：在4种不同降雨强度0 mm/h（对照）、10.2 mm/h（中雨）、26.5 mm/h（暴雨）、42.8 mm/h（大暴雨）处理下,卵块的掉落率随着降雨强度的增加而增加;在暴雨、大暴雨条件下卵块的孵化率分别为75.14%、43.58%,显著低于对照和中雨;对比有无鳞毛层覆盖的卵块之间的掉落率和孵化率,二者在各个降雨强度之间差异不显著;对比玉米叶片不同位置卵块的掉落率和孵化率,在中雨降雨强度影响下,二者差异不显著,而在暴雨、大暴雨条件下,玉米叶片背面卵块的掉落率低于正面,孵化率高于正面。此外,在相同的降雨强度下,草地贪夜蛾幼虫（2龄、3龄、4龄、5龄）的掉落率随着龄期的增加而降低;当降雨强度增加时,3龄幼虫的掉落率增加。结果表明降雨,特别是暴雨和大暴雨,对草地贪夜蛾的卵和幼虫均有不利影响,为预测草地贪夜蛾种群提供一定依据。     

Fast accumulation of few polyhedra mutants during passage of a Spodoptera frugiperda multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (Baculoviridae) in Sf9 cell cultures

Baculoviruses are a group of viruses that infect invertebrates and that have been used worldwide as a biopesticide against several insect pests of the Order Lepidoptera. In Brazil, the baculovirus Spodoptera frugiperda multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV; Baculoviridae) has been used experimentally to control S. frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an important insect pest of corn (maize) fields and other crops. Baculoviruses can be produced either in insect larvae or in cell culture bioreactors. A major limitation to the in vitro production of baculoviruses is the rapid generation of mutants when the virus undergoes passages in cell culture. In order to evaluate the potential of in vitro methods of producing SfMNPV on a large-scale, we have multiplied a Brazilian isolate of this virus in cell culture. Extensive formation of few polyhedra mutants was observed after only two passages in Sf9 cells.     

Molecular variability of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations associated to maize and cotton crops in Brazil

The molecular variability among 10 populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), collected from maize, Zea mays L., or cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. crops located at distinctive geographical regions in Brazil, was assessed through random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In total, 208 RAPD markers were evaluated, and 98% of them were polymorphic. The mean genetic similarity was 0.6621 and 0.2499 by the Simple Matching and Jaccard matrices, respectively. In general, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average dendrograms separated the populations into clusters related to the geographical origin of the samples. No branch of the dendrograms underpinning a molecular association of S. frugiperda has been identified to either of the two host plants. The molecular variance analysis showed that 18 and 82% of the genetic variation was distributed among and within the groups of populations, respectively. The principal coordinate analysis reinforced the pattern of population clustering found with the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average method. These results suggest the occurrence of considerable gene flow between S. frugiperda populations from maize and cotton fields located in the same region in Brazil. Therefore, for an effective management of this pest, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the gene flow of S. frugiperda populations associated to different host plants along the distribution range of this pest over time in a specific cropping system.     

棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的室内寄生效果初探

重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith主要危害玉米、水稻等主粮作物,对我国粮食安全造成了极大的威胁,挖掘和利用本土天敌是其绿色防控的重要途径之一。本研究以田间获取的寄生于草地贪夜蛾幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida为研究对象,对其寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫的完整过程进行了系统地观察,测定了其寄生于不同龄期草地贪夜蛾幼虫的发育历期。同时,进行了以不同夜蛾科幼虫为寄主时棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的发育历期和蛹重的差异性分析。结果显示,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂能够成功寄生2~4龄草地贪夜蛾幼虫,并顺利化蛹。但寄生2龄幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂蛹期为4.21±0.52 d,蛹重为6.86±1.27 mg,均显著低于寄生3龄和4龄幼虫。寄生草地贪夜蛾幼虫的棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的发育历期和蛹重分别为7.35±0.44 d和11.37±0.36 mg,与寄生棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera Hübner和黏虫Mythimna separate Walker幼虫时无显著差异,但均显著高于寄生在斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura Fabricius幼虫时。研究表明,棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂对入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾具有良好的防控潜力,值得进一步研究和开发应用。     

Genetic structure and molecular variability of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected in maize and cotton fields in Brazil

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the genetic similarity and structure of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), populations associated with maize and cotton crops in Brazil using amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Mean genetic similarity among populations was 0.45. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis dendrograms did not separate populations of S. frugiperda into clusters related to the host plant in which the insects were collected. No genetic variation was observed among maize and cotton populations of S. frugiperda, suggesting that the same populations are injuring both crops in Brazil. This research validates the need for stewardship of crop-protection methods for managing S. frugiperda to reduce the incidence of pesticide resistance, due to the spatial and temporal overlapping of maize and cotton crops in some regions in Brazil.     

Genetic variability of Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from Latin America is associated with variations in susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins

Bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from Latin American soil samples that showed toxicity against three Spodoptera frugiperda populations from different geographical areas (Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil) were characterized on the basis of their insecticidal activity, crystal morphology, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of parasporal crystals, plasmid profiles, and cry gene content. We found that the different S. frugiperda populations display different susceptibilities to the selected B. thuringiensis strains and also to pure preparations of Cry1B, Cry1C, and Cry1D toxins. Binding assays performed with pure toxin demonstrated that the differences in the toxin binding capacities of these insect populations correlated with the observed differences in susceptibility to the three Cry toxins analyzed. Finally, the genetic variability of the three insect populations was analyzed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA-PCR, which showed significant genetic diversity among the three S. frugiperda populations analyzed. The data presented here show that the genetic variability of S. frugiperda populations should be carefully considered in the development of insect pest control strategies, including the deployment of genetically modified maize in different geographical regions.     

虫螨腈对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的室内毒力及田间防效

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith),是一种广泛存在于美洲的杂食性农业害虫。据报道2019年1月草地贪夜蛾入侵我国云南,截止2019年6月6日,已在全国18个省份的884个县(市、区)监测到发生为害,发生面积342万亩,已经对我国粮食安全造成重大威胁。在2019年5月,在广东省广州市花都区儒林村玉米田开展喷雾和喇叭口点施虫螨腈对草地贪夜蛾幼虫的防治试验以及室内毒力测定试验。试验结果表明,虫螨腈对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫具有良好的毒力活性;综合考虑在草地贪夜蛾1～3龄幼虫期,用药量67.5 g.a.i/hm~2、药液量675 L/hm~2常规喷雾效果更佳;在草地贪夜蛾4～6龄幼虫期,用药量22.5 g.a.i/hm~2、药液量225 L/hm~2喇叭口点施效果更佳,且喇叭口点施可以定位定向定量地直接到达草地贪夜蛾为害部位,可减少2/3的农药使用量,达到农药减量增效的目的。该研究结果为拟定草地贪夜蛾应急防控技术方案提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

湖北四个地区草地贪夜蛾田间种群的杀虫剂敏感性及靶标突变检测

【目的】测定湖北草地贪夜蛾田间种群对4种杀虫剂的敏感性,并对杀虫剂靶标Ace-1,VGSC和RyR的基因型和突变频率进行检测,以明确湖北草地贪夜蛾田间种群药剂敏感性现状,进而指导田间科学用药。【方法】采集湖北黄冈、武穴、咸宁和荆州4个地区玉米田中的草地贪夜蛾幼虫,采用浸叶法测定其对氯虫苯甲酰胺、乙基多杀菌素、茚虫威和甲维盐4种杀虫剂的敏感性;提取4个种群80头个体的单头总RNA合成cDNA,利用特异性引物进行PCR扩增,获得目的基因片段,根据序列比对和测序峰图分析,确定Ace-1,VGSC和RyR的基因型和靶标突变位点的突变频率。【结果】生测结果表明,湖北这4个田间种群的草地贪夜蛾幼虫对氯虫苯甲酰胺、乙基多杀菌素、茚虫威和甲维盐均比较敏感,敏感性从高到低依次为:甲维盐>乙基多杀菌素>氯虫苯甲酰胺>茚虫威。分子检测结果表明,湖北草地贪夜蛾这4个田间种群Ace-1基因在A201S, G227A和F290V位点均存在抗性杂合突变,且在F290V位点检测到抗性纯合突变,而VGSC和RyR两个基因均没有检测到靶标位点突变。【结论】湖北草地贪夜蛾4个田间种群对氯虫苯甲酰胺、乙基多...