全麻术后患者苏醒期躁动发生情况及影响因素分析

目的:统计全麻术后患者苏醒期躁动(EA)的发生率,并分析其影响因素。方法:本研究为回顾性研究,分析2021年5月~2021年6月期间我院收治的204例全麻手术患者的临床资料,采用躁动-镇静程度量表(RASS)评分评价患者术后是否发生EA,观察全麻术后患者EA发生率,并根据患者术后是否发生EA进行分组,采用logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果:204例患者中有47例发生EA,发生率为23.04%,纳为EA组,剩余的157例未发生EA,纳为非EA组。EA组、非EA组在性别、全麻方式、术前用药、苏醒时间方面对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EA组、非EA组在年龄、手术类型、手术时间、留置胃管/导尿管、麻醉时间、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、术后镇痛、术后疼痛方面对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥50岁、手术类型为妇科手术或泌尿外科手术、留置胃管/导尿管、ASA分级为Ⅱ级、术后疼痛是EA发生的危险因素,而术后镇痛是EA发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:年龄、手术类型、留置胃管/导尿管、ASA分级、术后疼痛、术后镇痛是全麻术后患者EA发生的影响因素,临床需重点关注并给予相应防控措施。     

Evaluating the Association between Anesthesia Type and Postoperative Complications for Patients Receiving Total Ankle Arthroplasty

BackgroundTotal ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is performed for ankle arthritis and there has been interest investigating which anesthetic method is the best choice in order to optimize perioperative outcomes. In this study, we compared postoperative complications after TAA for patients receiving either 1) general anesthesia alone or 2) general anesthesia plus regional anesthesia.MethodsPatients undergoing primary TAA from 2007 to 2018 were identified in a national database. Patients were stratified into 2 cohorts: general anesthesia and general anesthesia combined with regional anesthesia. In this analysis, 30-day wound, cardiac, pulmonary, renal, thromboembolic, and sepsis complications, as well mortality, postoperative transfusion, urinary tract infection, extended length of stay, and reoperation were assessed. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistical regression were performed.ResultsOf 1,084 total patients undergoing TAA, 878 patients (81.0%) had general anesthesia and 206 (19.0%) had general anesthesia combined with regional anesthesia. Following adjustment, there were no increased risk of postoperative complications in the combined general and regional anesthesia group compared to those who only underwent general anesthesia.ConclusionCompared to general anesthesia alone, the addition of regional anesthesia to general anesthesia for TAA is not associated with increased risk of complications in the perioperative period. Level of Evidence: III     

四肢骨折矫形术后患者慢性手术后疼痛的发生率及其危险因素分析

目的:研究四肢骨折矫形术后患者慢性手术后疼痛的发生率及其危险因素。方法:以2014年12月-2017年10月于我院接受四肢骨折矫形术患者300例为研究对象,于术后6个月分析慢性手术后疼痛的发生率。收集所有患者年龄、性别、体重、术前疼痛程度、二次手术、麻醉方式、术后镇痛、术后引流、合并骨质疏松、骨折类型以及骨折部位等资料,并采用单因素以及多因素Logistic回归分析术后疼痛的危险因素。结果:术后6个月内有96名患者术后发生慢性手术后疼痛,发生率为32.00%(96/300)。单因素分析结果显示:慢性手术后疼痛患者与术前疼痛程度、是否二次手术、麻醉方式、术后有无镇痛、是否合并骨质疏松、骨折类型、骨折部位有关(P0.05),与患者的性别、年龄、体重、术后是否引流无关(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:术前重度疼痛、二次手术、麻醉方式为非全麻、术后无镇痛、合并骨质疏松、开放性骨折以及下肢骨折均是四肢骨折矫形术后发生慢性手术后疼痛的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:四肢骨折矫形术后患者慢性手术后疼痛的发生率较高,术前重度疼痛、二次手术、麻醉方式为非全麻、术后无镇痛、合并骨质疏松、开放性骨折以及下肢骨折均增加了慢性手术后疼痛的发生风险,临床应根据危险因素给予针对性的干预措施。     

超快通道麻醉联合BIS监测对心脏手术患者的效果及安全性

目的:探究超快通道麻醉辅助脑电双频指数(Bispectral index,BIS)监测对行心脏手术患者认知功能障碍的影响和安全性。方法:选取2014年1月-2017年1月于我院进行心脏手术的59例患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为实验组(29例)和对照组(30例)。其中,对照组患者实施心脏超快通道麻醉,实验组患者实施心脏超快通道麻醉辅助BIS监测。术后6个月,使用韦氏成人智力量表对两组麻醉前后认知功能障碍情况进行比对,并比较两组术后6个月内并发症的发生率。结果:(1)两组术后6个月时智力测试得分对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05),各指数间对比差异也无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)实验组患者术后6个月内并发症发生率较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:与单独使用超快速通道的患者相比,行全身麻醉心脏手术患者使用超快速通道麻醉辅助BIS监测麻醉及单用超快速通道对患者认知功能障碍的影响相当,但前者的安全性明显高于后者。     

七氟烷与丙泊酚维持麻醉对合并冠心病腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者心功能、氧化应激和术后认知功能的对比研究

摘要 目的：对比七氟烷与丙泊酚维持麻醉对合并冠心病腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）患者心功能、氧化应激和术后认知功能的影响。方法：选取2020年3月~2022年4月在吉林大学第一医院乐群院区麻醉科行全麻下LC的98例合并冠心病的患者,按照随机数字表法将患者分为A组（n=49,丙泊酚维持麻醉）和B组（n=49,七氟烷维持麻醉）。对比两组麻醉效果、血流动力学相关指标[心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧饱和度（SpO₂）]、认知功能情况[简易智能精神状态量表（MMSE）评分]、心功能指标[心输出量（CO）、心脏指数（CI）、左室射血分数（LVEF）]、氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）]和不良反应发生率。结果：B组的恢复自主呼吸时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间、定向力恢复时间均短于A组（P<0.05）。B组气腹后5 min、手术结束时SpO2、HR、MAP高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后1 d、术后3 d MMSE评分高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后1 d CO、CI、LVEF高于A组（P<0.05）。B组术后1d SOD高于A组,MDA、T-AOC低于A组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：与丙泊酚维持麻醉相比,七氟烷用于合并冠心病LC患者,有利于维持血流动力学稳定,减轻心功能、氧化应激损伤和术后认知功能障碍。     

Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus after face lift: a study of incidence and prophylaxis

Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus are known risks of surgery. However, the incidence of these conditions in face lift is unknown. In this study, the incidence of deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolus after face lift is studied and factors associated with thromboembolic complications are evaluated. One-third of the active members of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery were randomly selected. Participating surgeons completed a one-page survey providing information on face-lift procedures during a 12-month study period. A response rate of 80 percent was achieved, with 273 of the 342 surgeons responding to the survey. A total of 9937 face-lift procedures were reported in the 1-year study period. There were 35 patients with deep venous thrombosis (0.35 percent), 14 patients with pulmonary embolus (0.14 percent), and 1 patient death in the series. Although 43.5 percent of patients underwent face lift under general anesthesia, 83.7 percent of deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolus events occurred with general anesthesia. For prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolus, 19.7 percent of the surgeons used intermittent compression devices, 19.6 percent used thromboembolic disease hose or Ace wraps, and 60.7 percent used no prophylaxis. Of patients developing deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolus, 4.1 percent were treated prophylactically with intermittent compression devices, 36.7 percent with thromboembolic disease hose/Ace wraps, and 59.2 percent with no prophylaxis. It was found that deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolus after face lift is a measurable complication experienced by one of nine surgeons surveyed. Deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolus is more likely to occur when the procedure is performed under general anesthesia. The majority of plastic surgeons surveyed used no prophylaxis for deep venous thrombosis when performing face-lift procedures. Intermittent compression devices were associated with significantly fewer thromboembolic complications, whereas Ace wrap/thromboembolic disease hose afforded no protection against deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolus when used alone. In conclusion, aesthetic surgeons should consider adopting intermittent compression devices when performing face lift under general anesthesia.     

胸段硬膜外麻醉的研究进展及应用

硬膜外应用局麻药为手术提供麻醉与镇痛,同时胸段硬膜外麻醉与镇痛也被广泛应用于心脏,大血管,胸部和腹部的手术中.它不仅可以加快病人麻醉后的苏醒,而且可以提供很好的术后镇痛.除了上述优点,许多基础及临床研究发现硬膜外麻醉还有许多其它方面的作用,如:减轻神经内分泌系统的应激反应、减少围术期并发症的发生,以及通过暂时性的阻滞胸交感神经提供心肺及胃肠道的保护作用,改善免疫和凝血功能.本文就近年来胸段硬膜外麻醉应用及研究进展作一综述.     

Epidural analgesia improves postoperative nitrogen balance.

Postoperative nitrogen balance was monitored in twelve patients undergoing hysterectomy under either epidural analgesia or general anaesthesia. The mean cumulative five-day nitrogen losses were significantly lower after epidural analgesia than after general anaesthesia. Nitrogen sparing presumably results from inhibiting the stress-induced release of catabolic hormones, since epidural analgesia abolished postoperative hyperglycaemia and increase in plasma cortisol concentrations. No adverse effects of inhibiting the stress response were observed. Neurogenic stimuli thus play a crucial part in the catabolic response to surgery. Inhibiting the endocrine metabolic response to trauma by neurogenic blockade may reduce the morbidity precipitated in high-risk patients by the catabolic response to surgery.     

全凭静脉麻醉复合椎旁神经阻滞对胸腔镜下肺病损切除术患者应激反应、血流动力学及术后镇痛的影响

目的:研究全凭静脉麻醉复合胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)对胸腔镜下肺病损切除术患者应激反应、血流动力学及术后镇痛的影响。方法:选择2016年6月至2017年12月在我院行胸腔镜下肺病损切除术的80例患者为研究对象。采用简单随机抽样方法,分为对照组(n=40)和观察组(n=40)。对照组行单纯全身麻醉,观察组在超声引导下行TPVB复合全身麻醉。比较两组麻醉前、术毕、术后24 h的血糖、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及多巴胺(DA)的浓度,以及两组在麻醉时、手术开始时、手术开始后0.5 h、手术开始后1 h、术毕时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),同时比较两组术后2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h静息及活动时的视觉模拟评分(VAS)及相关并发症的发生率。结果:两组患者在麻醉前及术毕的各应激反应指标比较无差异(P0.05),而术后24 h比较,观察组低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者麻醉时的MAP、HR比较无差异(P0.05),除手术开始后1 h和术毕的HR外,观察组各时间的MAP、HR均显著低于对照组(P0.05);除静息时24 h外,观察组各时间静息时和活动时的VAS评分均低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者术后各并发症的发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:全凭静脉麻醉复合TPVB在胸腔镜下肺病损切除术中应激反应小,对血流动力学的波动影响小,术后镇痛效果良好,且安全有效。     

老年骨科手术患者麻醉后认知功能障碍的多因素分析及模型预测初步研究

摘要 目的：探讨分析影响老年骨科手术患者麻醉后的认知功能障碍的因素并建立预测模型。方法：将2016年1月至2019年1月于我院骨科行手术的227例老年患者根据术后认知功能障碍评分分为认知障碍组及无障碍组,比较两组一般资料及手术方式、麻醉方式等手术相关因素,使用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响术后认知功能障碍发生的因素,使用R软件建立出现认知功能障碍的列线图预测模型,并验证其效能。结果：术后共有65例患者出现认知功能障碍,认知障碍组患者的年龄、行全麻的患者比例、术中失血量、手术时间及出现术后并发症患者比例均明显高于无障碍组,而术中血压及应用超前镇痛患者比例均明显低于无障碍组（均P＜0.05）;而两组患者性别、BMI及手术部位等指标则无明显差异（均P＞0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析示高龄、全麻、术中失血量过多、过长手术时间及术后出现并发症均是老年骨科手术患者术后出现认知障碍的独立危险因素（OR=1.077,3.796,3.826,1.712,6.937;均P＜0.05）;而术中高收缩压、舒张压及术前给予超前镇痛是术后出现认知功能障碍的保护因素（OR=0.953,0.913,0.333;均P＜0.05）;列线图预测认知功能障碍发生的一致性指数（C-index）为0.904（95%Cl 0.862~0.961）。结论：高龄、全麻、无超前镇痛、手术时间过长、术中失血量过多、术中低血压及术后出现并发症是出现术后认知功能障碍的危险因素,基于此构建的列线图可有效对术后认知功能障碍进行预测,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

B超声引导下肋锁间隙与喙突入路连续臂丛神经阻滞对Barton骨折术后镇痛效果比较

目的:比较超声引导下肋锁间隙与喙突两种入路连续臂丛神经阻滞对Barton骨折手术患者术后的镇痛效果。方法:选择择期行Barton骨折手术患者60例,随机分为肋锁间隙入路连续臂丛神经阻滞组(A组,n=30)和喙突入路连续锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞组(B组,n=30)。两组均在超声引导下进行臂丛神经阻滞,同时留置神经阻滞导管,麻醉后2小时经神经阻滞导管连接无线电子镇痛泵。记录手术过程中神经深度、麻醉操作时间,并评估麻醉效果;记录术后第一次追加药物时间;记录麻醉后6 h、12 h、18 h、24 h、36 h、48 h静息及运动状态VAS评分;记录术后第一天和第二天镇痛泵有效按压次数及补救镇痛情况;记录患者满意度及并发症发生情况。结果:与B组相比,A组神经深度明显减浅(P<0.05),麻醉操作时间显著缩短(P<0.05),术后第一次追加药物时间延长(P<0.05),麻醉后12 h、18 h、24 h、36 h静息及运动状态VAS评分较低(P<0.05),术后第一天有效按压次数明显减少(P<0.05),患者满意度评分高(P<0.05),误穿血管发生率明显减少(P<0.05)。结论:超声引导下肋锁间隙入路与喙突入路连续锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞均可安全有效用于Barton骨折手术术后镇痛;但肋锁间隙连续臂丛神经阻滞术后镇痛效果更好,且具有神经阻滞深度浅、操作时间更短、阻滞效果更好、患者满意度更高及并发症更少等优点。     

Effect of transverse thoracic muscle plane block on postoperative cognitive dysfunction after open cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial

The transversus thoracis muscle plane (TTMP) block provides effective analgesia in cardiac surgery patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether bilateral TTMP blocks can reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement. A group of 103 patients were randomly divided into the TTM group (n = 52) and the PLA (placebo) group (n = 51). The primary endpoint was the incidence of POCD at 1 week after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included a reduction of intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) >20% from baseline, intraoperative and postoperative sufentanil consumption, length of stay in the ICU, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), time to first faeces, postoperative pain at 24 h after surgery, time to extubation and the length of hospital stay. Interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α, S-100β, insulin, glucose and insulin resistance were measured at before induction of anaesthesia, 1, 3and 7 days after surgery. The MoCA scores were significantly lower and the incidence of POCD decreased significantly in TTM group compared with PLA group at 7 days after surgery. Perioperative sufentanil consumption, the incidence of PONV and intraoperative MAP reduction >20% from baseline, length of stay in the ICU, postoperative pain at 24 h after surgery, time to extubation and the length of hospital stay were significantly decreased in the TTM group. Postoperatively, IL-6, TNF-α, S-100β, HOMA-IR, insulin, glucose levels increased and the TTM group had a lower degree than the PLA group at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. In summary, bilateral TTMP blocks could improve postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.     

术前合理管理对老年下肢骨折全麻手术患者血糖水平、血流动力学及应激因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨术前合理管理对老年下肢骨折全麻手术患者血糖水平、血流动力学及应激因子的影响。方法：选择2017年6月-2019年6月我院收治的120例拟行全麻手术治疗的老年下肢骨折患者,随机分为两组。观察组（60例）给予术前合理管理,对照组（60例）给予传统术前管理。对比两组围术期血糖水平、血流动力学以及应激因子指标差异。结果：两组平均动脉压（MAP）、心输出量（CO）、体外循环阻力（SVR）、胸腔液体含量（TFC）、血糖、胰高血糖素、胰岛素、C肽、皮质醇 （Cor）、肾素（Rn）和促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）整体比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,观察组麻醉后或术后各时点MAP、CO、TFC、胰岛素、C肽高于对照组,SVR、血糖、胰高血糖素、Cor、Rn、ACTH低于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组术后首次排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间短于对照组（P＜0.05）,口渴饥饿、术后感染发生率低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：术前合理管理可稳定老年下肢骨折全麻手术患者围术期血流动力学和血糖水平,降低应激因子水平和术后并发症风险,加快术后患者的康复。     

超前镇痛对VATS肺叶切除患者阿片类药物使用的影响

目的:探讨术前应用对乙酰氨基酚和加巴喷丁对电视辅助胸腔镜肺叶切除患者术后阿片类药物使用、恶心呕吐的影响。方法:收集2016年1月至2018年12月因非小细胞肺癌就诊于我科行电视辅助胸腔镜肺叶切除的患者,收集患者临床资料包括年龄、性别、BMI、合并症、美国麻醉医师协会麻醉分级、肿瘤分级、肿瘤部位、手术时间,术中和术后阿片类药物使用情况、术后止吐药使用情况,阿片类药物使用均换算为口服吗啡当量,根据术前是否采用对乙酰氨基酚和加巴喷丁超前镇痛方案将患者分为两组,比较两组患者术前基本情况及术中术后阿片类药物使用情况,分析对乙酰氨基酚和加巴喷丁超前镇痛方案对阿片类药物使用情况的影响。结果:共有241例患者纳入研究,有78例患者术前采用对乙酰氨基酚和加巴喷丁超前镇痛方案,163例患者没有采用该镇痛方案,超前镇痛组患者术中及术后阿片类药物使用剂量、术后24小时呕吐次数、术后止吐药使用剂量均低于没有采用超前镇痛方案的患者,两组患者术后NSAIDs使用和镇静状态没有统计学差异。结论:术前采用对乙酰氨基酚和加巴喷丁超前镇痛方案可减少行电视辅助胸腔镜肺叶切除患者术中及术后阿片类药物使用剂量,降低术后恶心呕吐的发生。     

Changes in compliance predict pulmonary morbidity in patients undergoing abdominal plication.

The incidence and severity of the effects of pulmonary compliance changes were investigated in patients undergoing abdominal plication surgery. A total of 20 healthy adults scheduled for abdominal plication surgery who had no significant history of pulmonary disease and 20 adults scheduled for nonabdominal, nonthoracic surgery (control group) underwent general endotracheal anesthesia; neuromuscular blockade was confirmed with electrical twitch monitoring. Before abdominal plication, the mean airway compliance was measured under total neuromuscular blockade at 33.4 +/- 2.1 ml/cm water, which was not significant when compared with control patient values. After abdominal plication was performed, the mean airway compliance was remeasured under total neuromuscular blockade; it was significantly decreased at 24.0 +/- 1.8 ml/cm water when compared with values for control patients (32.6 +/- 1.6 ml/cm) and with preplication values. Patients with airway compliance changes of less than 4 ml/cm water (when compared with preplication pulmonary mechanics) had far less incidence of atelectasis, requirements for supplemental oxygen at 24 hours or longer, or hypoxia when compared with patients with compliance changes of greater than 4 ml/cm water. Patients with compliance changes greater than 9 ml/cm water had the highest incidence of pulmonary morbidity. These data suggest that significant changes in pulmonary compliance occur after abdominal plication and that these airway compliance changes are associated with a clinically increased incidence of pulmonary morbidity in the postoperative period.     

全凭静脉麻醉对腔镜下甲状腺手术的苏醒躁动及术后镇痛效果的影响

目的:探讨全凭静脉麻醉(TIVA)对腔镜下甲状腺手术的苏醒躁动及术后镇痛效果的影响。方法:将74例接受腔镜下甲状腺手术的患者随机分为TIVA组与静吸复合麻醉(VICA)组,每组各37例。比较两组诱导麻醉前(T0)、切皮后1 min(T1)、手术开始后30 min(T3)、手术结束时(T3)及术后30 min(T4)血糖(GLU)、血清皮质醇(COR)、白介素(IL-6)水平的变化、麻醉药物用量、术后自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、苏醒期躁动及术后镇痛效果。结果:T1时刻,两组GLU、COR、IL-6水平均呈现出不同程度升高,而TIVA组T1~T4时刻各指标均较VICA组明显降低(P0.05)。与VICA组比较,TIVA组丙泊酚的术中使用量显著减少,术后自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间及拔管时间均显著缩短(P0.05),苏醒期躁动的发生率及躁动程度均较VICA组明显降低(P0.05),术后12、24 h切口疼痛的VAS评分均明显高于VICA组(P0.05)。结论:TIVA应用于腔镜下甲状腺手术可减少机体的应激反应和全麻药剂量,改善苏醒期质量,但应根据患者的疼痛感受采取必要的镇痛措施。     

肺癌根治术后不同镇痛方式的临床效果比较

目的：观察和比较硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）和静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）用于肺癌根治术患者围术期的镇痛效果及其不良反应的发生情况。方法：选择择期全麻下行肺癌根治性切除术的患者1214例,ASAI～II级,依镇痛方式不同分为硬膜外自控镇痛组（PCEA组,n=1023）和静脉自控镇痛组（PCtA组,n=191）。观察围术期两组患者镇痛效果、不良反应及术后康复情况。结果：PCEA组术后2h静止状态下和术后6h、24h活动状态下VAS评分均明显低于PCIA组（P〈O．05）;术后48h的Ramsay评分明显低于PCIA组（P〈0．05）;术后住院时间明显短于PCIA组（P〈0．05）;肺部并发症的发生率、切口感染和术后谵妄、恶心呕吐的发生率均明显低于PCIA组（P〈0．01）。结论：PCEA和PCIA两种镇痛方式用于肺癌根治术患者围术期均可达到满意的临床镇痛效果,但PCEA的用药量更少,镇静作用轻,副反应少,并可以降低肺感染和切口感染的几率,缩短住院时间,更有利于肺癌根治术患者的镇痛和康复。     

Low molecular weight heparin in prevention of perioperative thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether prophylactic treatment with low molecular weight heparin reduces the incidence of thrombosis in patients who have had general or orthopaedic surgery. DESIGN--Meta-analysis of results from 52 randomised, controlled clinical studies (29 in general surgery and 23 in orthopaedic surgery) in which low molecular weight heparin was compared with placebo, dextran, or unfractionated heparin. SUBJECTS--Patients who had had general or orthopaedic surgery. INTERVENTION--Once daily injection of a low molecular weight heparin compared with placebo, dextran, or unfractionated heparin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Incidence of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, major haemorrhages, and death. RESULTS--The results confirm that low molecular weight heparins are more efficacious for the prophylactic treatment of deep venous thrombosis than placebo (common odds ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.43; p < 0.001) and dextran (0.44, 0.30 to 0.65; p < 0.001). The results suggest that low molecular weight heparins are also more efficacious than unfractionated heparin (0.85, 0.74 to 0.97; p = 0.02), with no significant difference in the incidence of major haemorrhages (1.06, 0.93 to 1.20; p = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS--Low molecular weight heparins seem to have a higher benefit to risk ratio than unfractionated heparin in preventing perioperative thrombosis. However, it remains to be shown in a suitably powered clinical trial whether low molecular weight heparin reduces the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism compared with heparin.     

43例术后疑似急性肺栓塞分析

目的:探讨影响术后急性肺栓塞(Acute Pulmonary Embolism,APE)的发生和预后的相关因素,以提高对术后肺栓塞的认识和诊疗水平。方法:收集2009.01-2014.12期间南方医院术后疑似急性肺栓塞患者的临床资料,总结其临床特征,分析其诱发因素、临床表现、治疗和预后,探讨其发病的高危因素。结果:共收集术后疑似肺栓塞43例,平均年龄56.09±14.08岁(17~80岁),明确诊断为肺栓塞15例(34.9%),共死亡20例(死亡率46.5%)。其临床表现和体征均具有非特异性,呼吸困难、心悸和晕厥是主要的临床表现。不仅可以发生于下肢、胸腹部(包括妇产科)、颅内等大手术后,也可能发生在介入栓塞术后。相关危险因素很多,包括性别、年龄、恶性肿瘤、全身麻醉、手术时间长等。具有高危因素的患者并具有可疑肺栓塞的临床表现时,结合D-二聚体、动脉血气分析、心电图、胸部X线、超声心动图、下肢彩超可检查协助APE的诊断,而胸部增强CT作为检查手段有利于明确诊断。结论:肺栓塞是手术后致命的并发症之一,早期诊断、早期治疗,能降低术后肺栓塞患者的死亡率。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对妇科腹腔镜手术全凭静脉麻醉效果的影响

目的:评价帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对妇科腹腔镜手术异丙酚-芬太尼静脉麻醉效果的影响。方法:选择在我院行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者60例,ASA分级为Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,年龄分布在21-53岁,体重为41-72 kg。将所有患者随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)和生理盐水组(NS组),每组各30例。在麻醉诱导前15 min,对P组患者采取静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,NS组患者则采取静脉注射等容积的生理盐水。两组麻醉诱导方法相同,术中以脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)为麻醉深度指标,根据BIS值调节异丙酚血浆靶浓度以维持麻醉。记录拔管期间患者的心率(HR),平均动脉压(MAP)变化情况,苏醒时间,拔管时间,苏醒期不良反应及拔管后5 min疼痛VRS评分。结果:①两组患者血流动力学平稳,P组在T3至T6各时点的MAP和T3至T5各时点的HR均明显低于NS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);②两组苏醒时间和拔管时间无明显差别(P0.05);P组苏醒期躁动发生率为10%,明显低于NS组的26.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);③P组拔管后5 min疼痛VRS评分为2.0,明显低于NS组的3.6,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛能减轻异丙酚-芬太尼静脉麻醉下妇科腹腔镜手术过程中血流动力学波动,减少苏醒期躁动的发生和疼痛VRS评分。