Microbial diversity and composition in different gut locations of hyperlipidemic mice receiving krill oil

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Low-dose (LD, 100 mg kg−1 day−1), moderate-dose (MD, 200 mg kg−1 day−1), and...     

Effect of tryptophan and of glucose on exercise capacity of horses

We hypothesized that central fatigue may have a role in limitingthe endurance capacity of horses. Therefore, we tested the effect ofinfusing tryptophan and/or glucose on endurance time and plasmaconcentrations of free tryptophan and other substrates thought toaffect tryptophan uptake into the brain of seven mares (3-4 yr ofage, 353-435 kg) that ran on a treadmill at 50% of maximalO₂ consumption to fatigue. Withuse of a counterbalanced crossover design, the horses were infused withtryptophan (100 mg/kg in saline solution) or a similar volume of salinesolution (placebo) before exercise. During exercise, horses receivedinfusions of glucose (2 g/min, 50% wt/vol) or a similar volume ofsaline. Thus the treatments were 1)tryptophan and glucose (T & G), 2) tryptophan and placebo (T & P), 3)placebo and glucose (P & G), and 4)placebo and placebo (P & P). Mean heart rate, hematocrit, andconcentration of plasma total solids before and during exercise weresimilar for all trials. Mean time to exhaustion was reduced (P < 0.05) for T & P and T & Gcompared with P & P [86.1 ± 6.9 and 87.1 ± 6.8 vs. 102.3 ± 10.3 (SE) min], whereas endurance for P & G(122.4 ± 11.9 min) was greater than for all other trials (P < 0.05). Compared withnontryptophan trials, during the tryptophan trials plasma prolactinincreased (P < 0.05) nearlythreefold before exercise and almost twofold early in exercise. Muscleglycogen concentrations were reduced(P < 0.05) below preexercise values in the P & G and P & P trials only. However, glucose infusions (P & G)did not affect (P > 0.05)concentrations of plasma free fatty acids or ratios of branched-chainamino acids to free tryptophan. In conclusion, tryptophan infusionreduced endurance time, which was consistent with the central fatiguehypothesis. The failure of glucose infusion to alleviate the effects oftryptophan and the absence of significant muscle glycogen reduction inthe tryptophan trials suggest that the early onset of fatigue in thetryptophan trials is not due to a lack of readily available substrate.

     

Dietary Application of the Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 426951 Enhances Immune Status and Growth of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Vaccinated Against Yersinia ruckeri

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - This study was aimed to assess the effect of oral application of Lactobacillus plantarum (2&nbsp;×&nbsp;107&nbsp;CFU&nbsp;g−1...     

Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty. I.Comparing multicompartment body composition models

Roemmich, James N., Pamela A. Clark, Arthur Weltman, andAlan D. Rogol. Alterations in growth and body composition duringpuberty. I. Comparing multicompartment body composition models.J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 927-935, 1997.A four-compartment (4C) model of body composition was used as acriterion to determine the accuracy of three-compartment (3C) andtwo-compartment (2C) models to estimate percent body fat (%BF) inprepubertal and pubertal boys (genital I & II,n = 17; genital III & IV,n = 7) and girls (breast I & II, n = 8; breast III & IV,n = 15). The 3C water-density (3C-H₂O) and 3C mineral-densitymodels, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the Lohman age-adjustedequations, the Slaughter et al. skinfold equations, and the Houtkooperet al. and Boileau bioelectrical impedance equations wereevaluated. Agreement with the 4C model increased with thenumber of compartments (i.e., body water, bone mineral) measured.Except for the 3C-H₂O model, thelimits of agreement were large and did not perform well forindividuals. The mean %BF by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (23.6%)was greater than that of the criterion 4C method (21.7%).For the field methods, the Slaughter et al. skinfold equationsperformed better than did the Houtkooper et al. and Boileaubioimpedance equations. The hydration of the fat-free mass decreased(genital I & II = 75.7%, genital III & IV = 74.8%, breast I & II = 75.5%, breast III & IV = 74.4%) and the mineral content increased(genital I & II = 4.9%, genital III & IV = 5.0%, breast I & II = 5.1%, breast III & IV = 5.7%) with maturation. The densityof the fat-free mass also increased (genital I & II = 1.084 g/ml,genital III & IV = 1.087 g/ml, breast I & II = 1.086 g/ml, breast III & IV = 1.091 g/ml) with maturation. All of the models reduced the %BF overprediction of the Siri 2C model, but only the 4C and3C-H₂O models should be used ascriterion methods for body composition validation in children andadolescents.

     

Low-temperature (77 K) phosphorescence of triplet chlorophyll in isolated reaction centers of photosystem II

Photosynthesis Research - Phosphorescence characterized by the main emission band at 952&nbsp;±&nbsp;1&nbsp;nm (1.30&nbsp;eV), the lifetime of...     

The effect of salinity on the grazing rate and survival of Daphnia magna females adapted to different salinities

Aquatic Ecology - The cladoceran Daphnia magna inhabits lakes with salinities up to 10&nbsp;g L?1. We compared the effects of different salinities (up to 9&nbsp;g L?1) on the...     

Identification of Hybrids between the Far Eastern Redfins Tribolodon hakonensis and T. brandtii Based on the Cephalic Lateral-Line System and Four Molecular Genetic Markers

Journal of Ichthyology - Three species of the genus Tribolodon (T.&nbsp;hakonensis, T.&nbsp;brandtii, and T.&nbsp;sachalinensis) and hybrids between T.&nbsp;hakonensis and...     

Identification of novel candidate genes by exome sequencing in Tunisian familial male breast cancer patients

Molecular Biology Reports - Male Breast Cancer (MBC) is a rare and aggressive disease that is associated with genetic factors. Mutations in BRCA1&nbsp;and&nbsp;BRCA2&nbsp;account for...     

Structural features influential to enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose-solvent-based pretreated pinewood and elmwood for ethanol production

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - Dissolution of lignocelluloses in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO or NMO)&nbsp;at moderate conditions, e.g., 120&nbsp;°C for 3&nbsp;h under...     

Using spray-dried and encapsulated Nannochloropsis oculata biomasses in white spread

Journal of Applied Phycology - In this study, dried or encapsulated Nannochloropsis oculata microalgal biomass was used in spread samples (0.00–0.75&nbsp;g (100&nbsp;g)?1...     

Professor Masao Kawai,a pioneer and leading scholar in primatology and writer of animal stories for children

Primates - This Editorial is dedicated to Professor Masao Kawai (Fig.&nbsp;1), who passed away on May 14th, 2021. He served as the sixth Editor-in-Chief of Primates for 15&nbsp;years...     

Correction to: Transcriptional and metabolite analysis reveal a shift in direct and indirect defences in response to spider‑mite infestation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Plant Molecular Biology - In the above mentioned publication, part of Fig.&nbsp;1b was distorted (48&nbsp;h after TSSM Infestation). The original article has been corrected and the proper...     

FbD directed fabrication and investigation of luliconazole based SLN gel for the amelioration of candidal vulvovaginitis: a 2 T (thermosensitive & transvaginal) approach

Candidal vulvovaginitis (CVV), is the second most leading vaginal infection (global prevalence > 75%), caused due to excessive growth of Candida spp., predominantly Candida albicans (>95% cases). The current treatment regimens for CVV are marred with the challenges of fungal resistance & infection recurrence, subsequently leading to the compromised therapeutic efficacy of anti-fungal drugs, prolonged treatment and low patient compliance. The core of the present research was the fabrication & investigation of 2 T-SLN (solid lipid nanoparticles) gel carrying luliconazole for the amelioration of CVV. ‘2T’ symbolizes transvaginal & thermosensitive attributes of the present formulation. SLNs were prepared by a modified melt emulsification-ultra sonication method using a combination of solid lipids (Gelucire 50/13 & Precirol ATO 5), surfactant (Tween 80) and co-surfactant (Kolliphor). Formulation by design (FbD) approach was adopted to obtain appropriately screened and tailored SLNs. The optimized SLNs yielded a particle size, polydispersity index & entrapment efficiency of 62.18 nm, 0.263 & 81.5% respectively. To formulate the 2 T-gel, the final SLNs were loaded into Carbopol 971P-NF and Triethanolamine based gel. The 2 T-SLN gel was found to be easily spreadable and homogenous with mean extrudability (15 ± 0.4 g/cm²), viscosity (696.42 ± 2.34 Pa·s) and %drug content (93.24 ± 0.73%) values.. The pH of the prepared 2 T-SLN gel (4.5 ± 0.5) was in concordance with the vaginal pH (normal conditions). For in-vitro characterization of an optimized 2 T-SLN gel the release kinetics & anticandidal activity were assessed which offers a %cumulative drug release of 62 ± 0.5% in 72 h and 37.3 ± 1.5 mm zone of inhibition in 48 h. The visual appearance & dimensions were determined using fluorescent microscopy (spherical shape) & transmission electron microscopy (90–120 nm) respectively. The optimized 2 T-SLN gel showcases a skin-friendly profile with no significant signs of erythema and oedema and was found to be stable at room temperature for 2 months without any visual non-uniformity/cracking/breaking. In conclusion, the current research serves a new therapeutic perspective in assessing the activity of luliconazole for vaginal drug delivery using a 2 T-SLN gel system.     

Genetic control of wheat quality: interactions between chromosomal regions determining protein content and composition, dough rheology, and sponge and dough baking properties

While the genetic control of wheat processing characteristics such as dough rheology is well understood, limited information is available concerning the genetic control of baking parameters, particularly sponge and dough (S&D) baking. In this study, a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed using a population of doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between Australian cultivars Kukri × Janz grown at sites across different Australian wheat production zones (Queensland in 2001 and 2002 and Southern and Northern New South Wales in 2003) in order to examine the genetic control of protein content, protein expression, dough rheology and sponge and dough baking performance. The study highlighted the inconsistent genetic control of protein content across the test sites, with only two loci (3A and 7A) showing QTL at three of the five sites. Dough rheology QTL were highly consistent across the 5 sites, with major effects associated with the Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci. The Glu-D1 5 + 10 allele had consistent effects on S&D properties across sites; however, there was no evidence for a positive effect of the high dough strength Glu-B1-al allele at Glu-B1. A second locus on 5D had positive effects on S&D baking at three of five sites. This study demonstrated that dough rheology measurements were poor predictors of S&D quality. In the absence of robust predictive tests, high heritability values for S&D demonstrate that direct selection is the current best option for achieving genetic gain in this product category. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

A novel property of hexokinase inhibition by Favipiravir and proposed advantages over Molnupiravir and 2 Deoxy d glucose in treating COVID-19

Biotechnology Letters - In&nbsp;the&nbsp;wake&nbsp;of SARS-CoV-2’s&nbsp;global&nbsp;spread,&nbsp;human activities from health&nbsp;to&nbsp;social...     

Methyl Jasmonate and Nitrogen Interact to Alleviate Cadmium Stress in Mentha arvensis by Regulating Physio-Biochemical Damages and ROS Detoxification

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - We examined effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJ), with and without N, for the alleviation of the adverse effects of 150&nbsp;mg&nbsp;kg−1 CdCl2...     

The importance of turtle populations to wetland restoration in the Upper Mississippi Embayment of the Mississippi Alluvial Valley

Wetlands Ecology and Management - The Upper Mississippi Embayment (UME) ecoregion covers approximately 141,895&nbsp;km2&nbsp;and historically supported 9,712,455&nbsp;ha of bottomland...     

Method for Primary Screening of Pharmaceuticals on the Paramecium caudatum Eukaryotic Cell Model

Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics - The&nbsp; effect&nbsp; of &nbsp;adrenaline&nbsp; in &nbsp;various &nbsp;concentrations &nbsp;and&nbsp; dopamine &nbsp;at...     

Ca(2+) channels activated by endothelin-1 in CHO cells expressing endothelin-A or endothelin-B receptors

We comparedthe Ca²⁺ channels activated by endothelin-1 (ET-1) inChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing endothelin type A(ET_A) or endothelin type B (ET_B) receptorsusing the Ca²⁺ channel blockers LOE-908 and SK&F-96365. Inboth CHO-ET_A and CHO-ET_B, ET-1 at 0.1 nMactivated the Ca²⁺-permeable nonselective cation channel-1(NSCC-1), which was sensitive to LOE-908 and resistant to SK&F-96365.ET-1 at 1 nM activated NSCC-2 in addition to NSCC-1; NSCC-2 wassensitive to both LOE-908 and SK&F-96365. ET-1 at 10 nM activated thesame channels as 1 nM ET-1 in both cell types, but inCHO-ET_A, it additionally activated the store-operatedCa²⁺ channel (SOCC), which was resistant to LOE-908 andsensitive to SK&F-96365. Up to 1 nM ET-1, the level of the formation of inositol phosphates (IPs) was low and similar in both cell types, but,at 10 nM ET-1, it was far greater in CHO-ET_A than inCHO-ET_B. These results show that, in CHO-ET_Aand CHO-ET_B, ET-1 up to 10 nM activated the sameCa²⁺ entry channels: 0.1 nM ET-1 activated NSCC-1, andET-1  1 nM activated NSCC-1 and NSCC-2. Notably, inCHO-ET_A, 10 nM ET-1 activated SOCCs because of the higherformation of IPs.

     

Genome re-diploidization occurs spontaneously just prior to anthesis in artificially induced auto-tetraploid maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - In this study, various concentrations of oryzalin (0, 5, 10, 50, and 100&nbsp;mg&nbsp;l?1), trifluralin (0, 5, 10, 50, and...