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本试验旨在研究饲料蛋白质水平对蜜蜂产浆期繁殖性能的影响。选择35群群势、蜂王年龄和质量一致的意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera L.,随机分为7组,分别饲喂蛋白质水平为15%、20%、25%、30%、35%及40%的试验饲粮并以油菜花粉作为对照,测定各组蜂群的繁殖性能。结果表明,试验前期,饲粮蛋白质水平对蜂群群势有显著性影响,然而在试验中后期,则无显著影响(P>0.05);随着饲粮蛋白质水平的增加,蜂王产卵力和工蜂初生重呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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长木蜂蜂粮酿制过程中pH值和花粉活力的测定 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
测定手采新鲜的芍药花粉、芍药长木蜂Xylocopa tranquebarorum(Swederus)花粉和不同酿制时间蜂粮样品的平均pH值,结果分别是6.19、5.92和4.05(40日龄蜂粮)。随着酿制时间的延长,蜂粮的pH值下降,2日龄蜂粮到3日龄蜂粮的pH值从5.57降至4.82,下降速率明显。经测定,紫藤长木蜂花粉和不同日龄蜂粮样品中紫藤花粉的纯度均在98%以上;芍药长木蜂花粉和不同日龄蜂粮样品中芍药花粉的纯度均在93%以上;测定紫藤花粉的长木蜂蜂粮和芍药花粉的长木蜂蜂粮中的花粉活力。结果表明,在1日龄蜂粮中花粉活力基本丧失,3日龄后均失去萌发力,并且不同的花粉蜂粮其花粉活力表现一致。 相似文献
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长木蜂属于野生蜂类,后代的生存和繁衍完全依靠雌蜂所提供的蜂粮,蜂粮保鲜时间的长短对蜂群的繁衍具有关键性作用。本文采用营养琼脂培养基、改良\"LB\"培养基、MRS(4.5)、MRS(6.5)培养基分别对芍药的手采花粉、长木蜂蜂花粉和不同酿制时间的蜂粮样品中的微生物进行菌落计数、分析和分离鉴定。酿制初期的蜂粮样品在营养琼脂培养基生长的细菌菌落数占优势,随酿制时间的延长而迅速下降;7d、8d蜂粮样品在改良\"LB\"培养基上生长的细菌菌落数占优势;10d之后的蜂粮样品在MRS(6.5)培养基上微生物菌落数占优势;分离的68株菌株,其中细菌43株,酵母17株,放线菌8株。从蜂粮中分离的酵母菌和放线菌菌株均来自长木蜂雌蜂的体表。分离的68株菌株中有12株有较强抑菌活性,尤其是放线菌NF-34菌株对真菌和细菌均有抑菌活性。 相似文献
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【目的】研究两种饲粮对环江香猪结肠内容物菌群结构及其代谢物的影响。【方法】选用33.5±8.1 kg的环江香猪10头,随机分为两组,每组5头猪,单栏饲养,分别饲喂高营养水平饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为13.11%,消化能为14.73 MJ/kg)和低营养水平饲粮(粗蛋白质含量为9.77%,消化能为12.24 MJ/kg)。饲喂75 d后屠宰,每组选3头猪采集结肠内容物提取细菌总DNA,PCR扩增获得16S r RNA基因V4标签片段,用于Mi Seq高通量测序,基于QIIME平台比较结肠内容物菌群结构多样性;每组取5头猪的结肠内容物,利用气相色谱和液相色谱分析其中短链脂肪酸、氨氮、生物胺、吲哚和粪臭素的含量。【结果】硬壁菌门、拟杆菌门、螺旋体门和软壁菌门细菌为环江香猪结肠内容物中的优势菌门;饲粮组成不影响环江香猪结肠内容物菌群结构的多样性,高营养水平饲粮组结肠内容物中广古细菌含量显著低于、瘤胃球菌属和假丁酸弧菌属细菌含量显著高于低营养水平饲粮组;高营养水平饲粮组环江香猪结肠内容物中乙酸和丙酸含量显著低于、氨氮和尸胺含量显著高于低营养水平饲粮组。【结论】硬壁菌门、拟杆菌门、螺旋体门和软壁菌门细菌为环江香猪结肠内容物中的优势菌门,短期饲喂高营养水平饲粮可改变环江香猪结肠中的部分微生物含量及其代谢特性。 相似文献
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【目的】意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica(简称“意蜂”)是世界重要的授粉昆虫,对维持生态平衡、提高农产品产量和保障粮食安全至关重要。但受狄斯瓦螨Varroa destructor侵害,全世界的意蜂蜂群每年都受到巨大损失。本研究主要探讨狄斯瓦螨对意蜂工蜂呼吸代谢的影响, 为今后深入研究狄斯瓦螨与意蜂之间的相互作用奠定基础。【方法】应用SSI多通道昆虫呼吸仪测定感染狄斯瓦螨意蜂与健康意蜂不同发育阶段(4日龄幼虫、5日龄蛹、新出房成蜂和6日龄成蜂)工蜂的耗氧量、CO2释放量和呼吸商,并分析其变化特征;同时采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)方法分析狄斯瓦螨感染意蜂与健康意蜂成年工蜂中呼吸代谢相关基因(Coq7, COXⅠ, CytB, CytC和IF-2mt)的表达量变化。【结果】受狄斯瓦螨侵染后,意蜂工蜂耗氧量、CO2释放量呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,其中耗氧量从5日龄蛹期的0.0244mL/min下降至6日龄成蜂期的0.0093 mL/min; CO2释放量从5日龄蛹期的0.0174 mL/min下降至6日龄成蜂期的0.0040 mL/min,极显著低于同龄期健康意蜂工蜂的。健康意蜂工蜂呼吸商随其生长过程逐渐增加,至6日龄成蜂时呼吸商最高,达0.9169;而狄斯瓦螨感染意蜂工蜂呼吸商则呈下降趋势,6日龄成蜂时呼吸商最低,为0.4424,显著低于同龄期健康成年工蜂的。实时荧光定量PCR结果发现,狄斯瓦螨感染意蜂成年工蜂中CytB和CytC基因的相对表达量分别是健康意蜂成年工蜂的1.7676和1.9929倍,差异显著。【结论】狄斯瓦螨侵染可直接影响意蜂工蜂的呼吸代谢,导致其正常代谢途径发生紊乱,严重破坏蜂群正常生长发育。 相似文献
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[目的]蜜蜂副伤寒是西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera越冬期的主要易感疾病.本研究旨在探究蜜蜂副伤寒疾病相关的代谢物和代谢通路.[方法]以越冬末期的西方蜜蜂为研究对象,利用基于高效液相质谱联用的非靶向代谢组学方法检测副伤寒患病群和正常越冬群工蜂肠道中代谢物的变化.[结果]蜜蜂副伤寒患病个体和正常蜜蜂个体在正、负离子模式下分别获得626个和518个差异代谢物,在正、负离子模式下最显著差异的10种代谢物中筛选到镰刀菌氧萘满酮、奎尼丁、褪黑素、去氧紫草素等与蜜蜂物质代谢障碍、细胞凋亡和抗氧化应激相关的差异代谢物.此外,差异代谢物显著富集于与氨基酸代谢密切相关的氨酰-tRNA合成、蛋白质消化吸收、谷胱甘肽代谢、矿物质代谢、多种氨基酸代谢等7个代谢通路.[结论]蜜蜂患副伤寒后肠道中代谢物水平发生显著变化,其中氨基酸和蛋白质的代谢异常可能是蜜蜂副伤寒发病的主要原因. 相似文献
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不同饲料对小峰熊蜂工蜂群发育的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
糖和花粉对熊蜂的生长发育和繁殖起重要作用。本研究测定和分析了2种糖源(白砂糖、蜂蜜)和5种花粉(杏花粉、油菜花粉、向日葵花粉、玉米花粉、茶花粉)的饲料组合对小峰熊蜂Bombus hypocrita的无王工蜂群寿命、产卵前期时间、产卵量、幼虫拖出数、卵杯数、雄蜂出房时间和子代雄蜂数量的影响。结果表明: 只饲喂糖类食物时, 工蜂寿命显著短于有花粉的饲料组, 而且工蜂不产卵。含有花粉的各饲料组之间工蜂寿命存在显著差异, 饲喂玉米花粉的工蜂寿命小于其他4种花粉组。在工蜂产卵前期时间和卵杯数量方面, 10种含有花粉的饲料组之间差异不显著; 但在产卵量、幼虫拖出数、雄蜂出房时间和子代雄蜂数量等方面, 各饲料组之间差异较大。白砂糖和杏花粉组的产卵量最高; 杏花粉组和茶花粉组的幼虫拖出数量显著低于其他花粉组; 油菜花粉组和杏花粉组的雄蜂出房时间显著短于其他花粉组; 杏花粉组的子代雄蜂数量显著高于其他饲料组。结果显示不同饲料组合对小峰熊蜂工蜂群的发育影响很大。因此建议在熊蜂的人工繁育过程中, 在不同的发育阶段应给予不同的饲料配方。 相似文献
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伯乐树种子不同条件贮藏下前后生理比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对3个不同地区(浙江省遂昌县、福建省浦城县和浙江江山市)的伯乐树种子形态指标进行了测定。并分别设置3种贮藏方式(A为室内湿沙环境下贮藏;B为低温(4℃)湿沙下贮藏;C为低温(4℃)封口袋中贮藏),对贮藏前后种子的发芽率、发芽势、含水量等生理指标进行了比较研究。结果表明,浦城县地区较另外二个地区的种子狭长而扁平,且质量较小。经130d的贮藏后,3个地区的种子内淀粉含量显著下降(P〈0.05),含水量、蛋白酶活性、淀粉酶活性、蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量则均显著升高(P〈0.05),从而使休眠得以解除。贮藏后的发芽率和发芽势显著提高(P〈0.05),以湿沙低温下的发芽率和发芽势为最高。 相似文献
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Cynthia Fernandes Pinto da Luz Adriana de Oliveira Fidalgo Shirley Ambrosia Yovetti Silva Sandra dos Santos Rodrigues Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli 《Grana》2018,57(5):377-400
Honey and bee bread samples from storage pots of Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides were collected monthly from April 2015 to May 2016 in the Mogi Guaçu Biological Reserve (22º 10? S, 47º 11? W). The flora in the site is characteristic of the Atlantic Forest with preserved areas of savanna-like vegetation surrounded by commercial forests, orchards and various crops of exotic and native plants. Samples were analysed with the use of melissopalynological methodology and 46 pollen types from 38 genera and 30 families were identified in 25 honey samples. Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Myrtaceae, Sapindaceae showed the greatest pollen richness in honey. Predominant nectariferous pollen types were Anadenanthera, Cordia, Eucalyptus, Mimosa scabrella, Schefflera, Sida, Serjania and Vernonia. Twenty-eight types of pollen from 21 genera and 19 families were identified in 22 bee bread samples. Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Myrtaceae showed the highest pollen richness. Anadenanthera, Cecropia, Eucalyptus, Melastomataceae, Mimosa scabrella, Mimosa verrucosa and Myrcia were the most frequent polliniferous pollen types. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that honey and pollen samples formed two main groups of similarity, mainly due to Eucalyptus’ nectar and pollen of Melastomataceae, respectively. Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides collected nectar and pollen from the preserved areas as well as in the secondary and ‘ruderal’ vegetation and in cultivated forests/fields, suggesting their importance as pollinators both of native flora and exotic species. The use of trophic resources of plants grown with pesticides is a concern for the conservation of these species of bee and should be better studied. 相似文献
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蜜蜂是重要的农业昆虫,传花授粉、促进农作物增产增收,生产蜂产品、满足市场需求;也是一种典型的社会性模式昆虫,具有重要的科研价值。本文综述了目前蜜蜂备受关注的三方面研究工作:(1)蜜蜂授粉和蜂产品;(2)蜜蜂的疾病与免疫;(3)蜜蜂的劳动分工行为。 相似文献
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早春将群势、蜂王年龄和质量基本一致的30群意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola,随机分为5个处理组和1个对照组。处理组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为20%、25%、30%、35%和40%的5种代用花粉饲料,对照组饲喂油菜花粉,观测饲料蛋白质水平对蜂群群势、取食量、初生重以及蜂体组织蛋白含量的影响。结果表明对照组中蜜蜂对油菜花粉的取食量最高,但仅显著高于蛋白质水平为40%的饲料(P<0.05);蛋白质水平为25%、30%、35%的处理组群势增长差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);随着饲料蛋白质水平升高,工蜂初生重逐渐升高,在35%到达最高值,随后又下降;饲喂蛋白质水平为20%、25%、30%饲料的蜂体组织蛋白含量与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),饲喂蛋白质水平为35%、40%饲料的蜜蜂体组织蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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利用人工蜂巢收集白斑切叶蜂(Megachile strupigera)蜂粮样本,并通过克隆测序方法,比较分析了新余市水北镇(XYSB)、吉安市戈坪乡(JAGP)、赣州市沙地镇(GZSD)和赣州市齐云山自然保护区(GZQYS)的4种不同林地类型的白斑切叶蜂粉源植物组成及多样性。共鉴定出粉源植物9科10属15种。其中黄荆Vitex negundo和山牡荆Vitex quinata为优势种。Chao1指数、Shannon-wiener指数和Simpson指数分析结果表明,4个样地粉源植物的丰富度和多样性依次为GZQYS>GZSD>XYSB>JAGP。并且,4个样地七月上旬的物种丰富度均明显高于八月中旬。同一时期的粉源植物种类及多样性存在显著差异,表明不同林地利用方式对白斑切叶蜂粉源植物多样性的影响非常明显,并随人为干扰程度的增高而降低。相同样地中2个不同时期均呈现出粉源植物多样性随花期变化而降低的趋势,但其主要粉源植物种类没有发生改变,表明该蜂主要粉源植物没有受到花期变化的影响。因此,黄荆和山牡荆是白斑切叶蜂的主要粉源植物,对维持白斑切叶蜂种群的稳定具有重要作用。 相似文献
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An analysis was made of the protein content of pollen loads produced by the bees in a hive situated in Viana do Bolo (Ourense, north-west Spain), to establish whether or not the relative quantity of protein in the pollen of each plant species influences the preference made by the bee of the flowers that supply pollen to the hive. This analysis was performed on all types of pollen that formed more than 5% of the pollen spectrum. Pollen load samples were collected directly from the hive from March to September. Pollen loads were separated by colour, and their specific homogeneity was confirmed microscopically. The Bradford method has been used for protein extraction and spectrophotometry was used for the determination of protein content. The results show that the different pollen loads have high protein content. Pollen of the plant species that reached relatively higher percentages in the pollen spectrum are also those that have the highest protein content. These were Cytisus scoparius type, uncultivated Poaceae, Quercus robur type, Sanguisorba minor, Salix fragilis and Spergularia rubra type. The pollen of the systematic units, which had pollen loads that could be identified at the level of species, maintained a constant value of protein content independently of the date the samples were obtained. The pollen of the systematic units, which had pollen loads that could be identified at the level of pollen type, has varied in protein content in the analyses performed on samples obtained on different dates. This result is due to the fact that the different species that integrate the pollen type flower on different dates, and thus have a pollenkitt with different characteristics. 相似文献
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In the anthers of flowering plants, gymnosperms, and seed ferns, tiny (±1?μm) granules might occur on the radial and innermost tangential wall of secretory tapetum cells. These sporopollenin granules develop simultaneously with the pollen exine and are called orbicules or Ubisch bodies. The present paper focuses on two quite different topics associated with orbicules. The morphological and ultrastructural diversity of orbicules in the order Gentianales is summarized, and it is demonstrated that orbicules are a plesiomorphic feature in the order. Furthermore, orbicule characters seemed to be correlated with evolutionary trends in pollen dispersal unit and tapetum type features. In the second part, we report on our investigation of Corylus avellana L. (Hazel) pollen, using immunogold electron microscopy to gain an insight into the possible role that orbicules may play as a vector of pollen allergens. During the pollen season orbicules are dispersed into the atmosphere along with Hazel pollen grains. The localisation of homologues of the new birch pollen allergen Bet v 7 was studied at the subcellular level in Hazel anthers. The results of this study indicate that orbicules and pollen of Hazel might act as very effective vectors for homologues of Bet v 7 and that debris of Hazel anthers represent vectors of allergens after the pollen season. 相似文献
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Pollinators make foraging decisions based on numerous floral traits, including nectar and pollen rewards, and associated visual and olfactory cues. For insect‐pollinated crops, identifying and breeding for attractive floral traits may increase yields. In this study, we examined floral trait variation within cultivated sunflowers and its effects on bee foraging behaviours. Over 2 years, we planted different sunflower inbred lines, including male‐fertile and male‐sterile lines, and measured nectar volume, nectar sugar concentration and composition, and corolla length. During bloom, we recorded visits by both managed honey bees and wild bees. We then examined consistency in relative nectar production by comparing field results to those from a greenhouse experiment. Sunflower inbred lines varied significantly in all floral traits, including the amount and composition of nectar sugars, and in corolla length. Both wild bee and honey bee visits significantly increased with nectar sugar amount and decreased with corolla length, but appeared unaffected by nectar sugar composition. While wild bees made more visits to sunflowers providing pollen (male‐fertile), honey bees preferred plants without pollen (male‐sterile). Differences in nectar quantity among greenhouse‐grown sunflower lines were similar to those measured in the field, and bumble bees preferentially visited lines with more nectar in greenhouse observations. Our results show that sunflowers with greater quantities of nectar sugar and shorter corollas receive greater pollination services from both managed and wild bees. Selecting for these traits could thus increase sunflower crop yields and provide greater floral resources for bees. 相似文献
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