药用真菌桑黄液体深层发酵条件的优化

以菌丝体生物量和多糖产量为主要指标,对桑黄(鲍氏层孔菌)的深层发酵条件进行了优化,通过单因素试验和四因素三水平正交试验筛选出了桑黄液体发酵的培养基,结果表明,最适培养基为:葡萄糖5g/L,玉米粉40g/L,豆饼粉20g/L,KH2PO41.5g/L,MgSO41g/L。进一步通过培养条件的优化,得到最适菌丝体生长的液体发酵条件为:培养温度28℃,摇床转速140r/min,pH值自然,接种量10%,装液量100mL(250mL三角瓶),发酵周期132h。     

绿色木霉在啤酒糟基质上产纤维素酶条件的优化

对绿色木霉接种到啤酒糟固态发酵产纤维素酶的培养基和培养条件进行优化,考察发酵物料起始含水量、发酵时间、起始pH值等发酵条件,以及啤酒糟培养基中添加麸皮、氮源种类对产酶的影响。结果表明,以啤酒糟为发酵基质接种绿色木霉生产纤维素酶是可行的。经单因素和正交试验获得最适固态发酵的培养条件为:起始pH 5~6,培养温度28~30℃,发酵4 d;最佳发酵培养基组合为:麸皮比例30%,培养基起始含水量50%,(NH₄)₂SO₄添加量为2.0%~2.5%。     

蜡状芽孢杆菌LW9809发酵条件研究

对蜡状芽孢杆菌 (Bacilluscereus)LW 980 9发酵生产饲用微生态制剂的发酵培养组成、工艺条件进行了实验 ,确定了LW980 9发酵培养基的组成 :蛋白胨 1.0 %,酵母浸膏 0 .5 %,葡萄糖 0 .1%,最适发酵培养温度 32℃ ,最适初始pH为 7.0 ,在优化条件下 ,发酵液中菌数最高为 37亿 /mL。     

黑曲霉X-1产木聚糖酶液体发酵工艺研究

目的:提高黑曲霉X-1菌株液体发酵木聚糖酶的产量.方法:采用单因素和正交试验对黑曲霉X-1菌株产木聚糖酶液体发酵培养基和培养条件进行了优化.结果:通过正交试验找出最大影响因素为玉米芯和葡萄糖的供应,优化后的最佳培养基和培养条件为:玉米芯粉3%,葡萄糖0.5%,蛋白胨1%,KH2PO4 0.5%,MgSO4·7HO 0.1%,Tween-80 0.‰,pH 6.5,30℃、200r/min摇瓶培养120h.结论:黑曲霉X-1菌株在优化后的培养基和培养条件下,木聚糖酶活力高达1 630.78U,比优化前木聚糖酶活力(724.63U)提高了125.05%.     

酿酒酵母S.cerevisiae高密度培养条件优化研究

考察了培养基组成和培养条件对酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae发酵的影响。以TB培养基为初始培养基,通过正交实验设计优化培养基组成,确定了影响酵母细胞产量最主要的因素是葡萄糖,最适培养基组成为:酪蛋白胨15 g/L,酵母粉25 g/L,葡萄糖30 g/L,KH2PO42.4g/L,K2HPO4.3H2O 16.34 g/L。并确定了最佳培养条件:温度30℃,转速150 r/min。采用优化培养基及培养条件下进行发酵,菌液最高OD600值和细胞密度分别达15.82和2.03×108/mL,比优化前分别提高24.2%和22.0%。     

一株猪源拟杆菌的分离与发酵条件的优化

从新鲜猪粪便中分离得到一株猪源拟杆菌,利用统计学的单因素试验与正交试验,对该菌株的发酵培养基及发酵条件进行优化。实验结果表明该菌发酵最适培养基为AN培养基,确定了促生长因子吐温-80、1%氯化血红素、1%维生素Kl的最佳浓度,并确定了最佳发酵条件,最佳培养温度为37℃、分批发酵时间周期18 h。     

酿酒酵母菌培养条件的研究

目的:优化酿酒酵母液体发酵得到菌体的最佳条件。方法:通过单因素试验,以吸光度为指标,研究碳源、氮源、接种量、pH值及无机离子对酿酒酵母菌生长的影响。结果:酿酒酵母生长的最佳碳源是葡萄糖,最佳氮源是蛋白胨,最佳接种量2%,最佳初始pH为4.5,添加无机盐硫酸亚铁能够促进其生长。结论:得到了酿酒酵母液体生长的最佳培养基配方。     

GST-SUMO-MT融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的自诱导表达

旨在考察在大肠杆菌中自诱导表达GST-SUMO-MT融合蛋白的可行性,并对自诱导培养条件及培养基成分进行优化,以提高蛋白产量。采用摇瓶培养,利用单因素和正交实验对工程菌自诱导的培养条件(诱导时间、诱导温度)和培养基组分(蛋白胨、酵母粉、甘油、葡萄糖、乳糖)进行优化,检测菌体浓度、可溶性目的蛋白的表达量。结果表明,自诱导培养基碳氮源的最优配比为:2%蛋白胨、2%酵母粉、0.3%甘油、0.05%葡萄糖和0.3%乳糖。重组菌自诱导表达最优发酵条件为:采用两阶段温度控制,37℃培养3 h,25℃继续培养13 h。此时可溶性目的蛋白的表达量和菌体浓度分别为LB培养基(IPTG诱导)的2.2倍和2.3倍。     

琼氏不动杆菌FM 208850产果胶酶的发酵条件优化

目的:优化琼氏不动杆菌FM208850发酵生产果胶酶的培养基组成及发酵条件,以提高其产量。方法:在研究碳源、氮源、无机盐的种类及量的单因素实验基础上,选取香蕉皮、牛肉膏、NaCl和CaCl2做4因素3水平的正交试验。结果:FM208850产果胶酶的最适培养基组成为:香蕉皮2%,牛肉膏0.25%,NaCl 0.2%,CaCl20.3%;发酵条件为:初始pH7.0、32℃、2%接种量,培养12h。最优条件下酶活可达160.7U/mL。结论:琼氏不动杆菌FM208850作为新型果胶酶产生菌及罗布麻脱胶菌种,利用香蕉皮作为其发酵产果胶酶的碳源和诱导物是可行的,为其综合利用开辟了新思路。     

酵母产γ-氨基丁酸发酵培养基的优化

目的:提高酵母产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。方法:采用单因素及正交设计实验对酵母产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的培养基进行优化。结果:确定最适碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为蛋白胨和硫酸铵复合氮源,合适的无机盐为KH2PO4;最佳发酵培养基为3%葡萄糖,3%蛋白胨,0.3%(NH4)2SO4和0.1%KH2PO4。在此培养条件下,摇瓶发酵可以获得1.690g.L-1的GABA产量。结论:发酵培养基的优化,提高了菌株产γ-氨基丁酸的能力。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.