MCI及AD患者血清Aβ42、ApoJ、NO、IL-6的水平研究

目的:测定并分析轻度认知障碍(MCI)阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)患者血清Aβ42、ApoJ、NO、IL-6的变化。方法:收集MCI、AD患者与正常老年体检者的血清,用ELISA法测定其血清Aβ42、ApoJ、NO、IL-6水平。结果:(1)Aβ42水平:MCI患者血清Aβ42水平高于正常老年患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);AD患者血清Aβ42水平与正常老年患者及MCI患者相比均呈下降趋势,但差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)ApoJ水平:与正常老年患者相比,MCI、AD患者血清中ApoJ水平显著升高,且AD组高于MCI组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)NO水平:MCI及AD患者血清NO水平较正常老年患者增高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),但MCI患者与AD患者之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(4)IL-6水平:MCI、AD患者血清IL-6水平明显高于正常老年患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且AD患者高于MCI患者,其差异亦具有统计学意义(P0.05)。(5)AD组患者血清IL-6水平和MMSE得分之间呈负相关(r=-0.37,P0.05)。结论:血清Aβ42、ApoJ水平可能用于诊断MCI,而血清ApoJ、NO、IL-6水平可能有助于预测AD患者病情的变化及其预后。     

肠易激综合征患者血清IL-10、IL-12及皮质醇变化及其意义

目的:探讨肠易激综合征(IBS)患者血清白细胞介素10(IL-10)白细胞介素12(IL-12)和皮质醇(CO)浓度变化及它们在IBS中的可能作用和临床意义.方法:随机抽取来源于门诊和住院IBS患者和健康志愿者血清,采用放射免疫法测量血清IL-10、IL-12和CO浓度.结果:腹泻型IBS病人血清IL-10和CO含量显著高于正常(P＜0.05),便秘型IBS病人血清内IL-10和CO水平也高于正常对照(P＜0.05).腹泻型和便秘型IBS病人血清内IL-10和CO水平之间差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).腹泻型IBS组血清IL-12含量比正常组低(P＜0.05),便秘型IBS组血清内IL-12水平也低于正常对照组(P＜0.05).腹泻型和便秘型组之间血清内IL-12水平差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:炎症因子和应激可能参与IBS发病.     

支气管哮喘患者血清IL-4、TNF-α 及IgE 水平变化及临床意义

目的:研究支气管哮喘患者白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及免疫球蛋白E(IgE)水平变化及临床意义.方法:对78例支气管哮喘患者(急性发作期组39例、缓解期组39例)血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平进行检测,并与正常对照组的40例健康受试者进行比较分析.结果:支气管哮喘患者组血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平显著高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);急性发作期组血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平均显著高于缓解期组,差异亦均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);支气管哮喘患者血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平两两之间呈正性显著相关(P＜0.05).结论:检测支气管哮喘患者血清IL-4、TNF-α、IgE水平对患者疾病预测及治疗具有重要的临床意义.     

血清S100β,内皮素-1和血管内皮生长因子测定在老年认知功能障碍疾病诊断中的意义

目的:老年认知功能障碍尤其老年轻度认知功能障碍的早期诊断仍有一定的困难,本研究通过观察血清Sl00β,内皮素-1(ET-1)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)测定在老年认知功能障碍疾病诊断的意义.方法:选取2008年10月～2012年4月对我院的认知功能障碍的患者117例,其中阿尔茨海默病患者(AD组)55例和轻度认知功能障碍患者(MCI组)有62例.选取同期在我院体检的健康老年志愿者(对照组)20例.分别检测血清S100β,ET-1,VEGF和蒙特利尔认知评分(MoCA).结果:血清S100β和ET-1水平,从AD组,MIC组和对照组依次降低,而VEGF水平和MoCA评分依次升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).AD组患者血浆S100β,ET-1与MoCA评分存在负相关(r=-0.387,r=-0A08,P＜0.05),AD组患者血浆VEGF与MoCA评分呈正相关(r=0.363,P＜0.05);而MIC组患者血浆Sl00β,ET-1,VEGF水平与MoCA之间无明显相关性(P＞0.05).结论:S100β,ET-1和VEGF参与老年认知功能障碍的形成过程,血浆S100β,ET-1水平与AD的病情正相关,血浆VEGF与AD的病情成负相关,对于早期发现MCI,和检测AD疾病的病情具有重要意义.     

老年痴呆患者脂糖代谢指标及血清CRP、IL-6和TNF-α的表达及临床意义

目的:检测老年痴呆患者体内的脂糖代谢指标及C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达水平,并分析其临床意义。方法:选取2014年2月至2016年4月成都市第五人民医院神经内科收治的61例老年痴呆患者,其中阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者32例(AD组)、血管性痴呆(VD)患者29例(VD组),另选取30例健康体检者作为对照组,对比三组受试者的脂糖代谢指标胰岛素降解酶(IDE)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及炎症因子CRP、IL-6、TNF-α的水平,统计并比较各组基础疾病情况。结果:AD组及VD组的FPG、TC、TG及LDL-C水平均高于对照组,而IDE、HDL-C低于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);AD组及VD组患者血清CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平均高于对照组,且VD组高于AD组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);VD组高血压、糖尿病、冠心病发病率明显高于AD组和对照组(P0.05),AD组和VD组高血脂发病率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但与对照组比较明显升高(P0.05)。结论:糖脂代谢异常及CRP、IL-6、TNF-α均参与AD与VD的发生发展过程,调节血糖、血脂及进行抗炎治疗有助于对老年痴呆患者进行早期干预和治疗。     

促性腺激素释放激素激动剂与维生素E对子宫内膜异位症不孕患者血清TNF-α及IL-6水平的影响

目的:探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂联合维生素E对子宫内膜异位症伴不孕女性血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)及白介素-6(IL-6)水平的影响。方法:收集我院治疗的84例子宫内膜异位症伴不孕患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组42例。对照组患者给予促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗,实验组患者在对照组基础上给予维生素E治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后血清TNF-α及IL-6水平、妊娠率以及临床疗效。结果:与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后血清IL-6及TNF-α水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,实验组患者治疗后血清TNF-α及IL-6水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组患者治疗总有效率(92.86%)高于对照组(78.57%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组患者妊娠率(71.43%)高于对照组(54.76),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:促性腺激素释放激素激动剂联合维生素E能够降低子宫内膜异位症伴不孕女性血清TNF-α及IL-6水平,提高患者的妊娠率,临床效果较好。     

血清尿酸、白介素6、P-tau181与阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能、日常生活能力和预后的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清尿酸（UA）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、磷酸化Tau181（P-tau181）与阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者认知功能、日常生活能力和预后的关系。方法：选择2018年5月至2021年1月上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院与上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院黄浦分院收治的98例AD患者（AD组）和71例门诊体检的健康志愿者（对照组）,检测血清UA、IL-6、P-tau181水平,使用简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评估患者认知功能,Barthel指数（BI）评估患者日常生活能力。所有患者出院后随访1年,统计随访期间不良预后发生情况。Pearson相关性分析UA、IL-6、P-tau181与MMSE、MoCA、BI的相关性,多因素Logistic回归分析AD患者预后不良的危险因素。结果：AD组血清UA水平和MMSE、MoCA评分、BI低于对照组（P＜0.05）,IL-6、P-tau181水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。AD患者血清UA水平与MMSE、MoCA评分、BI呈正相关（P＜0.05）,IL-6、P-tau181水平与MMSE、MoCA评分、BI呈负相关（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：长期卧床、AD痴呆阶段、高水平IL-6、高水平P-tau181是AD患者预后不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）,高水平UA是保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论：AD患者血清UA水平降低,IL-6、P-tau181水平升高,且与认知功能障碍、日常生活能力降低以及预后不良有关,检测血清UA、IL-6、P-tau181可辅助评估AD病情和预后。     

卵巢癌患者血清HE4、CA125、CA72-4及炎性因子水平检测的临床价值评估

目的:探讨血清人附睾蛋白4(HE4)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)及炎性因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-17水平检测对卵巢癌患者的临床价值。方法:选取2015年2月至2017年2月我院收治的卵巢肿瘤患者81例,包括卵巢恶性肿瘤组39例及卵巢良性肿瘤组42例,另选42例健康人作正常对照组,比较各组及临床不同分期卵巢癌患者血清HE4、CA125、CA72-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-17水平的差异。结果:卵巢恶性肿瘤组血清HE4、CA125、CA72-4、IL-6、IL-8及IL-17水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而卵巢良性肿瘤组与对照组以上指标比较差异并无统计学意义(P0.05);随卵巢癌分期增加,患者血清HE4、CA125、CA72-4、IL-6、IL-8及IL-17水平呈上升趋势,以血清HE4、CA125及IL-17增加较为显著(P0.05),而Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期卵巢癌患者血清CA72-4、IL-6及IL-8在增加并不明显(P0.05)。结论:卵巢癌患者血清HE4、CA125、CA72-4、IL-6、IL-8及IL-17水平较高,且随临床分期增加呈上升趋势,以上指标可能有助于卵巢癌的诊断、治疗及病情评估。     

IL-6，IL-8 的检测在鉴别良恶性胸水中的诊断价值分析

目的:分析检测血清、胸水中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)水平对良恶性胸水的鉴别诊断价值。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测32例良性胸水患者和40例恶性胸水患者血清及胸水中IL-6、IL-8水平,以及30例健康体检者血清中IL-6、IL-8水平。结果:良性胸水组及恶性胸水组血清IL-6、IL-8水平均显著高于正常对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与恶性胸水组比较,良性胸水组胸水及血清中IL-6、IL-8水平升高更为显著(P<0.05),良性胸水组IL-6、IL-8的胸水/血清比值也显著高于恶性胸水组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胸水及血清中IL-6、IL-8的检测对良、恶性胸水患者具有鉴别诊断意义。     

溃疡性结肠炎患者外周血C 反应性蛋白、血清降钙素原及白细胞介素-6 水平及临床意义

目的:分析溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)患者血清降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)及白细胞介素-6(Interleukin-6,IL-6)水平与病情严重程度的关系。方法:选择2013年5月-2015年5月在我院就诊的溃疡性结肠炎患者91例作为研究对象,另选择同期在我院接受健康体检的志愿者69例作为对照组。检测并比较两组研究对象血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应性蛋白(CRP)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的水平,并分析PCT,CRP及IL-6水平与溃疡性结肠炎的相关性。结果:溃疡性结肠炎患者PCT水平为(1.24±0.23)ng/m L,对照组PCT水平为(0.12±0.10)ng/m L,溃疡性结肠炎患者PCT水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);溃疡性结肠炎患者CRP水平为(105.27±19.93)mg/m L,对照组CRP水平为(7.62±2.97)mg/m L,溃疡性结肠炎患者血清CRP水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);溃疡性结肠炎患者IL-6水平为(248.15±35.60)ng/m L,对照组IL-6水平为(144.05±20.26)ng/m L,溃疡性结肠炎患者血清IL-6水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。溃疡性结肠炎患者血清PCT,IL-6及CRP水平之间均呈正相关关系(r=0.301,0.468,0.413,P0.01)。结论:溃疡性结肠炎患者血清PCT,CRP及IL-6水平均显著高于健康人群,其水平变化与患者病情严重程度有关。因此,我们在临床实践中应予以重视。     

Comparison of full-length genomics sequences between dengue virus serotype 3, parental strain,and its derivatives,and B-cell epitopes prediction from envelope region

Biological markers are normally used to evaluate the candidate of live-attenuated dengue vaccines. D3V 16562 Vero 23 and D3V 16562 Vero 33 which were derivatives of D3V 16562, parental strain, showed the similar biological data. We used molecular techniques and computational tools to evaluate these derivatives. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the derivatives were compared to their parent. The secondary structures of untranslated regions and B-cell epitopes were predicted. The results showed that nucleotide substitutions mostly occurred in NS5 and NS5 of V2 was unusual because of amino acid change at 3349 (tryptophan →stop codon). The nucleotide substitutions in 5''UTR, prM, E, NS1, NS2A, NS3, and 3''UTR were 4, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, and 2, respectively. The secondary structure of 5''UTR of V2 was different from P and V1. The secondary structure of 3''UTR of V2 was similar to P and certainly distinct from V1. Furthermore, B-cell epitopes prediction revealed that there were 21 epitopes of envelope and the interesting epitope was at position 297-309 because it was in domain III in which the neutralizing antibody is induced. For this study, the attenuation of derivatives was caused by the nucleotide substitutions in 5''UTR, 3''UTR, and NS5 regions. The genotypic data and B-cell epitope make the derivatives attractive for the chimeric and peptide DENV vaccine development.     

Non-covalent interaction of 2', 4', 5', 7'-tetrabromo-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrachlorofluorescein with proteins and its application

The interactions of 2', 4', 5', 7'-tetrabromo-4, 5, 6, 7-tetrachlorofluorescein (TBTCF) with BSA, ovalbumin (OVA) and poly-L-lysine (PLYS) at pH 3.70 have been investigated by combination of the spectral correction technique and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption. The active connection actions such as ion pairs, van der Waals' force, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic bond were proposed to explain the non-covalent interaction between TBTCF and BSA, OVA and PLYS. Effects of the electrolyte and high temperature indicated that union of the active connections between TBTCF and BSA and OVA was too firm to be destroyed. The relationship between the binding number of TBTCF and variety fraction of the amino acid residues was analyzed. The binding number of TBTCF depended on the number of positively charged amino acid residues. The other amino acid residues surrounded and seized TBTCF by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic bonds when the electrostatic attraction pulled TBTCF to link protein. In addition, a novel method named the absorbance ratio difference was established for determination of protein in trace level and was applied with much higher sensitivity than the ordinary method.     

Interrelations of global macroecological patterns in wing and thorax size,sexual size dimorphism,and range size of the Drosophilidae

Support for macroecological rules in insects is mixed, with potential confounding interrelations between patterns rarely studied. We here investigate global patterns in body and wing size, sexual size dimorphism and range size in common fruit flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and explore potential interrelations and the predictive power of Allen's, Bergmann's, Rensch's and Rapoport's rules. We found that thorax length (r² = 0.05) and wing size (r² = 0.09) increased with latitude, supporting Bergmann's rule. Contrary to patterns often found in endothermic vertebrates, relative wing size increased towards the poles (r² = 0.12), a pattern against Allen's rule, which we attribute to selection for increased flight capacity in the cold. Sexual size dimorphism decreased with size, evincing Rensch's rule across the family (r² = 0.14). Yet, this pattern was largely driven by the virilis–repleta radiation. Finally, range size did not correlate with latitude, although a positive relationship was present in a subset of the species investigated, providing no convincing evidence for Rapoport's rule. We further found little support for confounding interrelations between body size, wing loading and range size in this taxon. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that studying several traits simultaneously at minimum permits better interpretation in case of multiple, potentially conflicting trends or hypotheses concerning the macroecology of insects.     

PR-39,一种多功能的抗菌肽

PR－39（proline-arginine-rich)是哺乳动物体内的一种含有39个氨基酸残基的小分子抗菌肽,因其富含脯氨酸而得名。分子量小（4719．7）,结构稳定,具有广谱抗菌活性。近年来许多实验研究表明,PR－39在抗肿瘤,组织修复等方面同样具有生物学作用。     

Size,longevity and cancer: age structure

There is significant recent interest in Peto''s paradox and the related problem of the evolution of large, long-lived organisms in terms of cancer robustness. Peto''s paradox refers to the expectation that large, long-lived organisms have a higher lifetime cancer risk, which is not the case: a paradox. This paradox, however, is circular: large, long-lived organisms are large and long-lived because they are cancer robust. Lifetime risk, meanwhile, depends on the age distributions of both cancer and competing risks: if cancer strikes before competing risks, then lifetime risk is high; if not, not. Because no set of competing risks is generally prevalent, it is instructive to temporarily dispose of competing risks and investigate the pure age dynamics of cancer under the multistage model of carcinogenesis. In addition to augmenting earlier results, I show that in terms of cancer-free lifespan large organisms reap greater benefits from an increase in cellular cancer robustness than smaller organisms. Conversely, a higher cellular cancer robustness renders cancer-free lifespan more resilient to an increase in size. This interaction may be an important driver of the evolution of large, cancer-robust organisms.     

雄安新区白洋淀生态属性辨析及生态修复保护研究

湿地是自然界生物多样性最丰富的生态系统之一,与社会发展和人类福祉息息相关。近年来,由于全球气候变化和人类活动的过度干扰,湿地正面临着面积萎缩、功能减弱、多样性降低等诸多问题,湿地退化已经成为制约区域可持续性发展的重大阻碍。伴随着生态文明建设逐渐成为中国特色社会主义建设的重要支柱,湿地生态修复工作得到前所未有的制度保障。深入剖析湿地属性,结合政策保障,有针对性的提出湿地保护与修复的治理措施,对区域的生态环境建设和可持续性发展具有重要意义。选择国家级新区-雄安新区的水命脉-白洋淀湿地为研究对象,在深入剖析其生态属性和已存在的生态问题的基础上,结合生态修复的原则、方法和步骤,提出生态修复与保护的可行性策略。研究结果表明,白洋淀本质是典型的湖泊湿地,同时兼具沼泽湿地特征,由于人类活动的剧烈干扰,白洋淀有向沼泽湿地逆向演替的变化趋势。湿地内存在面积萎缩、水资源量短缺、水环境污染问题突出及生物多样性减少等生态问题。本研究建议:为顺利建设雄安新区,首先,白洋淀湿地在算清"水账"、"污账"和"生态账"的前提下,进一步加强流域水资源调配,科学确定白洋淀湿地最佳水位,恢复淀区水量;其次,通过使用清洁生产技术和限制高排污企业建设等措施,加强污染防治,恢复湿地水质;最后,依据生态承载力理论,划分白洋淀流域的生态功能红线、环境质量红线和资源利用红线等国家生态保护红线体系,为尽快恢复湿地结构与功能提供制度保障。     

两湖泊轮虫群落结构的时空动态对水体氮磷含量及“下行效应”的响应

为探讨氮和磷、"上行效应"和"下行效应"在轮虫群落结构时空变动调控中的相对重要性,于2011年7月至2012年6月每月两次采集了芜湖市九莲塘和汀棠湖中的轮虫样品,利用相关分析法和典范对应分析法(CCA)分析了轮虫群落结构的时空变动与水体理化因子及其潜在捕食者密度间的关系。卡尔森营养状态指数表明,两湖均处在富营养化初期。除了总氮和硝态氮的年均浓度、晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna)和剑水蚤(Cyclopoidea)无节幼体的年均密度存在显著差异外(P0.05),两湖泊的其他水环境因子间并未表现出明显的差异(P0.05)。实验室鉴定发现九莲塘中共有轮虫48种,隶属于15科21属;汀棠湖中共有轮虫55种,隶属于15科24属。两湖泊中,疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta)、臂尾轮虫(Brachionus)和异尾轮虫(Trichocerca)均是主要轮虫类群,而密度优势种分别有7种和4种。相关分析结果显示,P含量与九莲塘轮虫群落的均匀度和物种多样性指数间均呈现显著的负相关(P0.05),而N含量却与汀棠湖轮虫群落的物种多样性指数呈现显著的正相关(P0.05);两湖泊中的轮虫物种多样性指数均与水体中的TN∶TP(质量比)间呈现显著的正相关(P0.05)。CCA分析结果显示,九莲塘中桡足类和其无节幼体密度显著高于其他采样批次时的轮虫群落聚成Ⅰ类,汀棠湖中晶囊轮虫密度显著高于其他批次时的轮虫群落聚成Ⅱ类,而其他的轮虫潜在捕食者密度很低或未出现时的轮虫群落聚成Ⅲ类。研究结果表明,湖泊中的TN∶TP(质量比)可能是反映N和P含量对轮虫群落物种多样性影响程度的较为合适的指标。当水体中的轮虫潜在捕食者密度较高时,两湖泊轮虫群落结构的变动均主要取决于"下行效应";而当轮虫潜在捕食者密度很低时,"上行效应"可能是调控两湖泊轮虫群落结构变动的主要因素。     

Role of aggregation conditions in structure, stability, and toxicity of intermediates in the Abeta fibril formation pathway

beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) is one of the main protein components of senile plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abeta readily aggregates to forms fibrils and other aggregated species that have been shown to be toxic in a number of studies. In particular, soluble oligomeric forms are closely related to neurotoxicity. However, the relationship between neurotoxicity and the size of Abeta aggregates or oligomers is still under investigation. In this article, we show that different Abeta incubation conditions in vitro can affect the rate of Abeta fibril formation, the conformation and stability of intermediates in the aggregation pathway, and toxicity of aggregated species formed. When gently agitated, Abeta aggregates faster than Abeta prepared under quiescent conditions, forming fibrils. The morphology of fibrils formed at the end of aggregation with or without agitation, as observed in electron micrographs, is somewhat different. Interestingly, intermediates or oligomers formed during Abeta aggregation differ greatly under agitated and quiescent conditions. Unfolding studies in guanidine hydrochloride indicate that fibrils formed under quiescent conditions are more stable to unfolding in detergent than aggregation associated oligomers or Abeta fibrils formed with agitation. In addition, Abeta fibrils formed under quiescent conditions were less toxic to differentiated SH-SY5Y cells than the Abeta aggregation associated oligomers or fibrils formed with agitation. These results highlight differences between Abeta aggregation intermediates formed under different conditions and provide insight into the structure and stability of toxic Abeta oligomers.