钙过负荷和丹参酮对线粒体脂质过氧化的影响

用ＥＳＲ自旋捕集技术捕捉到Ｆｅ２＋启动的心肌线粒体膜脂质过氧化过程中产生的脂类自由基Ｌ·（ａＮ＝１５．６Ｇ,ａＨ＝２．９７Ｇ）。钙过负荷时,钙离子使线粒体产生的脂类自由基增加,当钙浓度为３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ·ｍｇＰｒ时,产生的脂类自由基约增加３２％。丹参酮可清除Ｆｅ３＋启动的线粒体膜脂质过氧化过程中产生的脂类自由基。当丹参酮浓度为０．８ｍｇ／ｍｇＰｒ时,清除率达到７０％左右。钙过负荷时丹参酮仍能有效清除脂类自由基。另外,还发展了用自旋探针ＣＴＰＯ测量线粒体氧消耗的方法,检测氧消耗所需样品量比Ｃｌａｒｋ电极少几十倍。用此方法测量小鼠心肌线粒体不同状态的氧消耗和呼吸控制率,证明一定浓度的Ｃａ２＋和Ｆｅ２＋影响线粒体的呼吸功能．     

茶多酚单体L-EGCG对气相烟引起鼠肺细胞膜损伤的抑制作用

茶多酚(GTP)单体L-EGCG对香烟气相物质损伤鼠肺细胞膜的保护作用研究结果表明,L-EGCG能抑制香烟气相物质引发的脂质过氧化;用脂肪酸自旋标记物5-DOXYL和16-DOXYL标记鼠肺细胞膜,发现预先加入L-EGCG可抑制气相烟引起的膜浅层流动性改变,并与L-EGCG的浓度呈量效关系。在0.001到0.1mg/mL浓度范围内,L-EGCG本身对膜的浅层没有影响,而能使膜深层的流动性略有增大。由试验推测,L-EGCG的保护作用很可能是由于清除了气相烟中的自由基或脂质过氧化产生的脂类自由基。     

茶多酚单体L-EGCG对气相烟引起鼠肺细胞膜损伤的抑制作用

茶多酚(GTP)单体L-EGCG对香烟气相物质损伤鼠肺细胞膜的保护作用研究结果表明,L-EGCG能抑制香烟气相物质引发的脂质过氧化;用脂肪酸自旋标记物5-DOXYL和16-DOXYL标记鼠肺细胞膜,发现预先加入L-EGCG可抑制气相烟引起的膜浅层流动性改变,并与L-EGCG的浓度呈量效关系。在0.001到0.1mg/mL浓度范围内,L-EGCG本身对膜的浅层没有影响,而能使膜深层的流动性略有增大。由试验推测,L-EGCG的保护作用很可能是由于清除了气相烟中的自由基或脂质过氧化产生的脂类自由基。     

天然抗氧化剂丹参酮Ⅱ—A对肝细胞脂质过氧化产物与DNA相互作用的影响

［３Ｈ］花生四烯酸标记的肝细胞,经ＦｅＣｌ２－ＤＴＰＡ启动脂质过氧化后,细胞ＤＮＡ出现放射性,并随保温时间增加而逐渐增高,表明在细胞内脂质过氧化产物与ＤＮＡ发生相互作用,生成了一种ＤＮＡ加成物,经测定它具有特征荧光光谱,显示较低的增色效应和Ｔｍ值。用高度敏度荧光图象显微镜直接观察发现丹参酮Ⅱ－Ａ经细胞摄取后主要滞留在细胞膜与胞浆中。它能有效地抑制细胞脂质过氧化,减少脂质－ＤＮＡ加成物的产生,并阻止了细胞存活率和Ｏ６甲基鸟嘌呤转移酶活性的降低,其抑制率与ＶｉｔＥ,ＢＨＴ相近,但显著高于ＮａＮ３,甘露醇和ＳＯＤ。上述结果提示丹参酮Ⅱ－Ａ是一种新的有效的细胞内脂质过氧化产物与ＤＮＡ相互作用的抑制剂。它对ＤＮＡ的保护作用可能是通过清除脂类自由基而阻断脂质过氧化的链式反应,抑制ＤＮＡ加成物的生成,从而减少了细胞毒性。     

过氧化心肌线粒体产生的脂类自由基及（－）－EGCG的抑制作用

本文利用ＥＳＲ技术研究了心肌线粒体酶修饰下的脂质过氧化和脂类自由基,以及（－）－ＥＧＣＧ的抑制作用。结果表明：４－ＰＯＢＮ能捕集ｌｉｐｏｘｙｇｅｎｇｓｅ诱发心肌线粒体产生的自由基,得到６条线谱的脂类自由基和４条线谱捕集物,（－）－ＥＧＣＧ对该体系中使用的１ｉｐｏｘｙｅｎａｓｅ活性无影响,对所产生的自由基有明显的清除作用,并呈量效关系。对脂质过氧化的抑制作用,在本试验浓度范围内随浓度增加变化不大,最大抑制率约２０％。     

桂丁、草蔻挥发油抗氧化性研究

采用脂质过氧化方法和DPPH方法分别检测了2种植物挥发油抗脂质过氧化活性和清除自由基活性.且通过和阳性对照Vitamin E和Vitamin C的比较发现2种植物挥发油均有不同程度的抗脂质过氧化活性和清除自由基的活性.草蔻的抗脂质过氧化活性在低浓度下抑制率很高,在浓度为0.097～1.2 mg/mL之间其抗氧化能力强于桂丁.用IC50和EC50来评价抗脂质过氧化能力和清除自由基活性,则草蔻挥发油的抗脂质过氧化活性最强,且强于阳性对照Vitamin C,即草蔻的IC50为0.099 mg/mL.对于草蔻和桂丁的清除自由基的能力是相似的,EC50分别为4.50和4.46 mg/mL.     

金樱子多糖的抗氧化作用

目的：探讨金樱子多糖(PRL)体外抗氧化作用。方法：邻苯三酚自氧化法测定PRL清除超氧阴离子自由基效果;比色法测定PRL对羟自由基诱导红细胞溶血、脂质过氧化反应的影响。结果：PRL能显著清除超氧阴离子自由基、押制羟自由基对细胞膜的破坏而引起的溶血和脂质过氧化产物的形成。结论：PRL具有显著的抗氧化作用。     

Rhizobium sp. N613胞外多糖的抗氧化活性

以铁氰化钾和铁离子为检测系统测定了Rhizobium sp.N613胞外多糖(REPS)对氧化物的还原力;H2O2和Fe2+为羟自由基生成系统检测了REPS对羟自由基的清除作用;邻苯三酚自氧化法检测了REPS对超氧阴离子的清除作用;并体外检测了REPS对H2O2引起的氧化溶血现象的抑制作用及对小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用。结果显示,REPS对氧化物具有明显的还原力,其对羟自由基的清除作用达到35.46%(多糖浓度为2mg/mL),对超氧阴离子的清除作用达到36.84%(多糖浓度为0.78mg/mL),对H2O2引起的氧化溶血现象的抑制作用达到43.84%(多糖浓度为1.14mg/mL),对小鼠肝组织脂质过氧化的保护作用达到34.46%(多糖浓度为1.14mg/mL),表明REPS具有良好的抗氧化作用,有着重要的应用价值。     

大鼠肝细胞核膜脂质过氧化对核DNA影响的研究

采用大鼠肝脏细胞核为材料,研究了核膜脂质过氧化对核ＤＮＡ的影响。证实核膜脂质过氧化可以引起ＤＮＡ损伤,表现为ＤＮＡ的增色效应、熔解温度、从ＤＮＡ向ＥＢ的能量转移效率降低,圆二色谱发生显著变化。另外受损ＤＮＡ对ＤＮａｓｅⅠ产生明显抗性和琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果提示核膜脂质过氧化引起的ＤＮＡ损伤可能以交联为主,同时利用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）直接观察到了交联ＤＮＡ的生成。各种自由基清除剂对ＤＮＡ损伤保护的差异说明脂类自由基可能在活性氧自由基引起的ＤＮＡ损伤中具有重要作用。     

甘青铁线莲花水提取物的抗氧化活性研究

本文采用邻二氮菲-Fe2 氧化法,邻苯三酚自氧化法以及卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)过氧化体系,对甘青铁线莲花水提取物清除超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2 )和羟自由基(·OH )以及抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化(LPO)作用的效果进行了测定.结果表明:甘青铁线莲花水提取物有清除O-2、OH的能力,同时能抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化(LPO)作用,在相同干物质浓度下(黄酮含量为2.20 μg),抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化(LPO)作用最强、O-2次之、OH最弱,这说明甘青铁线莲花水提取物有抗氧化作用,且水提物抗氧化活性在一定浓度范围内与其黄酮类化合物含量呈正相关.     

Free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects of lactate ion: an in vitro study.

Divergent literature data are found concerning the effect of lactate on free radical production during exercise. To clarify this point, we tested the pro- or antioxidant effect of lactate ion in vitro at different concentrations using three methods: 1) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to study the scavenging ability of lactate toward the superoxide aion (O(2)(-).) and hydroxyl radical (.OH); 2) linoleic acid micelles were employed to investigate the lipid radical scavenging capacity of lactate; and 3) primary rat hepatocyte culture was used to study the inhibition of membrane lipid peroxidation by lactate. EPR experiments exhibited scavenging activities of lactate toward both O(2)(-). and.OH; lactate was also able to inhibit lipid peroxidation of hepatocyte culture. Both effects of lactate were concentration dependent. However, no inhibition of lipid peroxidation by lactate was observed in the micelle model. These results suggested that lactate ion may prevent lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals such as O(2)(-). and.OH but not lipid radicals. Thus lactate ion might be considered as a potential antioxidant agent.     

Oxidative damage shifts from lipid peroxidation to thiol arylation by catechol-containing antioxidants

Catechol-containing antioxidants are able to protect against lipid peroxidation by nonenzymatic scavenging of free radicals with their catechol moiety. During their antioxidant activity, catechol oxidation products such as semiquinone radicals and quinones are formed. These oxidation products of 4-methylcatechol inactivate the GSH-dependent protection against lipid peroxidation and the calcium sequestration in liver microsomes. This effect is probably due to arylation by oxidation products of 4-methylcatechol of free thiol groups of the enzymes responsible for the GSH-dependent protection and calcium sequestration, i.e. the free radical reductase and calcium ATPase. It is concluded that a catechol-containing antioxidant might shift radical damage from lipid peroxidation to sulfhydryl arylation.     

Antioxidant activity of extract from Polygonum cuspidatum

Numerous diseases are induced by free radicals via lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation and DNA damage. It has been known that a variety of plant extracts have antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals. Whether Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zuce has antioxidant activity is unknown. In this study, dried roots of Polygonum cuspidatum were extracted by ethanol and the extract was lyophilized. Free radical scavenging assays, superoxide radical scavenging assays, lipid peroxidation assays and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays were employed to study antioxidant activities. The results indicate that the IC50 value oí Polygonum cuspidatum extract is 110 microg/ml in free radical scavenging assays, 3.2 microg/ml in superoxide radical scavenging assays, and 8 microg/ml in lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. Furthermore, Polygonum cuspidatum extract has DNA protective effect in hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid content of extract is 641.1 +/- 42.6 mg/g and 62.3 +/- 6.0 mg/g. The results indicate that Polygonum cuspidatum extract clearly has antioxidant effects.     

Cooperation of antioxidants in protection against photosensitized oxidation

The aim of this study was to determine whether alpha-tocopherol and zeaxanthin offer synergistic protection against photosensitized lipid peroxidation mediated by singlet oxygen and free radicals. The antioxidant action of zeaxanthin and alpha-tocopherol was studied in liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Progress of lipid peroxidation, induced by aerobic photoexcitation of rose bengal, was monitored by the detection of lipid hydroperoxides and by electron spin resonance oximetry. In addition, cholesterol was employed as a mechanistic reporter molecule, which forms characteristic products of the interaction with singlet oxygen or free radicals. Cholesterol hydroperoxides were quantitatively determined by HPLC/electrochemical detection. HPLC/ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption detection was used to measure concentrations of zeaxanthin and alpha-tocopherol. Zeaxanthin, even at concentrations of 2.5 microM, effectively protected against singlet oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation but was rapidly consumed due to interaction with free radicals. alpha-Tocopherol alone was not effective in protecting against lipid peroxidation, even at concentration of 0.1 mM. Combinations of zeaxanthin and alpha-tocopherol exerted a synergistic protection against lipid peroxidation. The synergistic effect may be explained in terms of prevention of carotenoid consumption by effective scavenging of free radicals by alpha-tocopherol therefore allowing zeaxanthing to quench the primary oxidant-singlet oxygen effectively.     

Antioxidant activity of extract from Polygonum aviculare L

Free radicals induce numerous diseases by lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation, and DNA damage. It has been reported that numerous plant extracts have antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals. Whether Polygonum aviculare L. (Polygonaceae) has antioxidant activity is unknown. In this study, dried Polygonum aviculare L. was extracted by ethanol, and the extract was lyophilized. The antioxidant activities of extract powder were examined by free radical scavenging assays, superoxide radical scavenging assays, lipid peroxidation assays and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The results show that the IC50 value of Polygonum aviculare L. extract is 50 microg/ml in free radical scavenging assays, 0.8 microg/ml in superoxide radical scavenging assays, and 15 microg/ml in lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. Furthermore, Polygonum aviculare L. extract has DNA protective effect in hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid content of extract is 677.4 +/- 62.7 microg/g and 112.7 +/- 13 microg/g. The results indicate that Polygonum aviculare L. extract clearly has antioxidant effects.     

大豆肽体外抗氧化活性研究

研究大豆肽的体外抗氧化的作用。采用邻二氮菲-Fe^2＋检测大豆肽对羟自由基（·OH）的清除作用,邻苯三酚检测大豆肽对超氧阴离子（·O2^-）的清除作用,用硫代巴比妥酸法测定小鼠肝匀浆丙二醛（MDA）的含量,用比色法测定小鼠红细胞溶血度,来研究大豆肽的抗氧化效果。结果表明：大豆肽可以清除·OH和·O2^-,抑制·OH所致的丙二醛的产生,减少H2O2所致的红细胞溶血,在2～15g／L内均具有明显的量效关系。表明大豆肽在体外具有明显的抗氧化效果。     

脂质过氧化对人红细胞膜脂流动性的影响

研究枯稀过氧化氢/高铁血红素体系所产生的烷基过氧自由基对红细胞的损伤。测定了脂质过氧化的产物——丙二脂的生成,并证明阿魏酸钠对脂质过氧化的抑制。荧光偏振的结果指出,膜脂过氧化以后降低了膜脂的流动性。人红细胞用5DSA和16DSA标记并用ESR检测膜脂流动性,结果表明,序参数S几乎没有发生变化,旋转相关时间τ值的增加证明膜脂过氧化以后,疏水尾部的物理状态发生了改变。经脂质过氧化以后,红细胞膜中的不饱和脂防酸的减少,可能是降低膜脂流动性的原因之一。     

Zinc suppression of free radicals induced in cultures of rat hepatocytes by iron, t-butyl hydroperoxide, and 3-methylindole

The effect of zinc on lipid peroxidation initiated by either ferric-nitrilotriacetate, t-butyl hydroperoxide, or 3-methylindole was studied using primary monolayer cultures of rat liver parenchymal cells. The malondialdehyde content of the cells and culture medium was used to estimate the extent of lipid peroxidation. As the zinc concentration of the culture medium was increased from 1 to 48 microM, peroxidation was diminished. Cellular zinc and metallothionein levels were proportionally increased by supplemental zinc. Zinc supplementation of the medium inhibited NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity and stimulated glutathione peroxidase activity. The uptake of iron into the hepatocytes was significantly reduced as the level of zinc was raised, suggesting that zinc antagonizes uptake of chelated iron into isolated hepatocytes and in this way blocks iron-induced peroxidation. Furthermore, induction of metallothionein synthesis by zinc may contribute to the reduction in free radicals. Spectra from electron spin resonance studies, using phenylbutylnitrone as a spin-trapping reagent, demonstrated that free radical production was inversely related to the zinc concentration of the culture medium. Spin trap data suggest that metallothionein added to lysed cells in vitro decreases free radical production. Studies using the spin trap, 3,3,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-N-oxide indicated that cumulatively the predominant radical present in the cultures was a phenyl radical with hydroperoxide or methylindole. Collectively, our data demonstrate that zinc inhibits free radical production and lipid peroxidation in cultured hepatocytes. The mode of action of zinc could occur via free radical scavenging by zinc-induced metallothionein and/or by processes related to cytochrome P-450 and glutathione peroxidase, since these were also found to be sensitive to zinc supplementation levels of the culture medium.     

山楂原花色素的抗氧化作用研究

本文用比色法测定山楂原色素（Proanthocyanidins from the fruits of hawthorn,HPA)的抗氧化作用,即对羟自由基、超氧负离子的清除作用以及抗脂质过氧化的作用,并且通过细胞学实验验证其对上皮细胞的抗氧化损伤的保护作用。试验表明：山楂原色素有很强的抗氧化作用,其作用在浓度为0．1mg/ml-1.0mg/ml之间随着浓度的增大而增强,对超氧负离子的清除和抗脂质过氧化作用尤为明显。在浓度为1mg/ml时,对羟自由基和超氧负离子的清除率分别为59．8％和90．0％,对细胞氧化损伤的保护率为41．96％;浓度为0．5mg/ml时对脂质过氧化的抑制率达91．9％。试验同时还比较了葡萄籽原花色素（Proanthocyanidins from the fruts of grape,GPA)和Vc的抗氧化作用,结果表明：山楂原花色素与葡萄素（Proanthocyanidins from the fruits of grape,GPA)和Vc的抗氧化作用,结果表明：山楂原色素与葡萄籽原花色素效应相当,并远远高于Vc的效应。     

Antioxidant effect of probucol on RO2*/O2(*-)-induced peroxidation of human low-density lipoproteins

This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of probucol on peroxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) initiated by oxygenated free radicals (O2*-) and ethanol-derived peroxyl radicals (RO2*) generated by gamma radiolysis. Initial radiolytic yields related to the markers of lipid peroxidation [i.e. decrease in endogenous alpha-tocopherol, formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes] were determined as a function of LDL concentration (1.5 and 3 g l(-1), expressed as total LDL) and in the absence or the presence of probucol at different concentrations (2.3 x 10(-6), 3.5 x 10(-6), 9 x 10(-6) and 20.5 x 10(-6) mol l(-1)). Our results showed that probucol was able to decrease not only the yields of TBARS and conjugated dienes but also the levels of these peroxidation products obtained at high doses (2500 Gy) compared to LDLs without probucol. Under our conditions, probucol displayed an optimal antioxidant effect for an initial concentration in LDLs equivalent to 15 probucol molecules per LDL particle, which corresponded to a pharmacologically relevant concentration of probucol. Moreover, our data showed that probucol was unable to react with RO2* and thus did not protect LDL vitamin E from free radical attack. In addition, the scavenging capacity of probucol on O2*- appeared to be very poor, and probucol more likely reacted with LDL intermediate radical products. Finally, a very significant steady-state level of probucol remained in LDLs at high doses (up to 2500 Gy), equivalent to at least 40% of the initial concentration of probucol. This addressed the question of a mechanism for regeneration of probucol in LDLs. Our results as a whole suggested that the antioxidant effect of probucol in vivo could not be explained by its scavenging capacity with regard to RO2*/O2*- free radicals.