昆明水源水和自来水水质致突变性及化学背景值：I.Ames试验和水源…

本文报道，用ＸＡＤ－２离子树脂吸附富集法制备自来水和滇池及松华坝水库源水提取物，以Ａｍｅｓ鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变系统诱发致突变性，Ａｍｅｓ试验结果如下：来自滇池源水经氯化的自来水提取物，用ＴＡ９８菌株加Ｓ９或不加Ｓ９混合物，突变率〉２，结果为阳性。滇池源水提取致突变性可疑。使用化学分析法结合生物分析法评价昆明自来水和滇池及松华坝水库水中的化学微量污染物，估价在水中的微量污染物对人体健康的潜在致癌效     

昆明水源水和自来水水质致突变性及化学背景值1．Ames试验和水源水及自来水微量有机、无机污染物化学背景值

本文报道：用ＸＡＤ－２离子树脂吸附富集法制备自来水和滇池及松华坝水库源水提取物,以Ａｍｅｓ鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复突变系统诱发致突变性。Ａｍｅｓ试验结果如下：来自滇池源水经氯化的自来水提取物,用ＴＡ９８菌株加Ｓ９或不加Ｓ９混合物,突变率＞２,结果为阳性。滇池源水提取物致突变性为可疑。使用化学分析法结合生物分析法评价昆明自来水和滇池及松华坝水库水中的化学微量污染物,估价在水中的微量污染物对人体健康的潜在致癌效应是有意义的。     

治疗用武汉抗CD3单克隆抗体(WuT_3)的致突变性研究

观察了武汉抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体（简称ＷｕＴ３）对组氨酸缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ＴＡ９７、ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００及ＴＡ１０２菌株的回复突变作用。结果显示在５～５０００μｇ／皿的剂量范围内,ＷｕＴ３所致的诱发回复突变菌落数与自发回复突变菌落数之比ＭＲ（Ｒｔ／Ｒｃ）,无论加大鼠肝匀浆,辅酶Ⅱ及葡萄糖６－磷酸（Ｓ－９混合液）或不加Ｓ－９混合液,均不超过２。同时观察了ＷｕＴ３对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率及对人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变率的影响,结果显示小白鼠ｉｖＷｕＴ３,每日一次,连续２日,在２５～１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１范围内,ＷｕＴ３各剂量组的微核细胞率与溶剂对照组相比均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。而环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）阳性组与溶剂对照组相比有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＷｕＴ３在２５～２５０μｇ／瓶的剂量范围内,各剂量组的染色体畸变细胞率与溶剂对照组相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,而ＣＰ组与溶剂对照组相比有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。三项试验结果均未发现ＷｕＴ３有致突变性作用     

蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术检测合成氨工业水的遗传毒性

目的:探讨了合成氨工业水处理前后对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响。方法:选取某化工厂生产流程中3个有代表性的水样,同时以蒸馏水(CK)为阴性对照,以不同浓度(0.5、5、50、500μg/L)的环磷酰胺处理为阳性对照,共5个处理组水平,蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验测定其MCN‰。结果:洗煤气水、洗甲醇水可诱导蚕豆根尖细胞产生较高的MCN‰与对照组相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01),并分别相当于50μg/L和5μg/L环磷酰胺的致突变效应。经处理后的生化出水致突变性显著降低。结论:合成氨工业水具有较强的致突变性,蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术可作为合成氨工业水的遗传毒性检测。     

决明组织培养的研究

以草决明无菌苗子叶为外植体,接种于７类诱导愈伤组织的培养基上：Ａ．ＭＳ＋２．０２,４－Ｄｍｇ／Ｌ（以下单位省略）＋０．３ＢＡ＋０．２ＮＡＡ．Ｂ．ＭＳ＋０．２２,４－Ｄ十０．２ＢＡ＋２．０ＮＡＡ．Ｃ．ＭＳ＋１．０２,４－Ｄ＋０．５ＢＡ＋０．２ＫＴ．Ｄ．ＭＳ＋０．７ＢＡ＋１．５ＮＡＡ＋０．１ＫＴ．Ｅ．ＭＳ＋１．５２,４－Ｄ＋０．７ＢＡ十０．２ＭＡＡ．Ｆ．ＭＳ＋０．４２．４－Ｄ＋１．０ＮＡＡ＋０．１ＫＴ．Ｇ．ＭＳＢ（ＭＳ的无机成份和Ｂ５有机成分）＋０．１５ＮＡＡ＋ＢＡ,ＫＴ和ＺＴ各０．５。８～１５天后分别有９０～９９．６％的子叶片被诱导出愈伤组织,并且Ｆ．与Ｃ．类培养基对诱导愈伤组织比较理想,放于Ｇ培养基上的愈伤组织有９．２～３０．２％的芽分化率。芽在生根培养基１／２ＭＳ＋０．２ＩＢＡ中、９８％生根,形成完整的再生植株。     

EDTA对Cu参水生微宇宙中的毒性和分布的影响

利用实验人工合成培养微宇宙,研究了不同浓度ＥＤＴＡ对微宇宙中Ｃｕ的毒性及Ｃｕ的分布,结果表明,在微宇宙运行过程中,投加２．９ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１Ｃｕ后,ＥＤＴＡ浓度为０．０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾Ｓ－１试验组中大型溲种群大小、叶绿素ａ浓度及总初级生产力与总呼吸的比值（Ｐ／Ｒ）随时间变动曲线,明显低于其它试验组的曲线,ＥＤＴＡ的存在削弱了Ｃｕ对大型溲和藻类的毒性作用,并缓解了Ｃｕ对生态系统代谢功能的干扰;同时改变了微宇     

背角无齿蚌碱性碳酸酶的分离、纯化及其动力学研究

作者对背角无齿蚌外套膜的碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）进行了分离纯化,并对其动力学性质进行了初步研究。外套膜匀浆,经正丁醇抽提、盐析、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ—１００凝胶过滤等步骤,得到了比活力为１４９．６单位／ｍｇ蛋白的酶制品。通过动力学方法测得其最适ｐＨ值为９．５,最适温度为４０℃,以磷酸苯二钠作底物的Ｋｍ值为０．５７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。Ｍｇ２＋、Ｃａ２＋对酶有激活作用,而Ｃｕ２＋、Ｚｎ２＋、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４、ＥＤＴＡ和巯基乙醇有抑制作用。     

豆壳过氧化物酶的分离纯化及其性质研究

从豆壳抽提液经硫酸铵分级沉淀,ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０离子交换层析,ＣｏｎＡ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ亲合层析和Ｂｉｏ－ＧｅｌＰ－６０凝胶过滤,纯化了豆壳过氧化物酶（ｓｏｙｂｅａｎｈｕｌｐｅｒ－ｏｘｉｄａｓｅ,ＳｈＰ）．纯化酶的比活力为７０７７Ｕ／ｍｇ,在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ上显示出一条蛋白质带．ＳｈＰ分子量为３８０００,等电点为３．９;ＳｈＰ为一含血红素的糖蛋白,含糖量为１８．７％,光谱学分析揭示,在４０６ｎｍ处有一典型的Ｓｏｒｅｔ带,在５１０ｎｍ和６４０ｎｍ处有特征吸收峰．酶反应的最适ｐＨ在４．０附近,最适温度为４５℃;在ｐＨ２．５～１２．０之间较稳定,７５℃,保温６０ｍｉｎ,酶活力残余６８％,ＳｈＰ是一种良好的耐酸碱、耐热过氧化物酶．动力学分析求得ＳｈＰ的表观Ｋｍ（愈创木酚）为１．６２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,表现Ｋｍ（Ｈ２Ｏ２）为０．３４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ．在所测定的化学试剂中,Ｎ－３、ＣＮ－、Ｆｅ３＋、Ｆｅ２＋和Ｓｎ２＋对酶有较强烈的抑制作用,而重金属离子Ａｇ＋、Ｈｇ２＋、Ｐｂ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｃｒ３＋以及ＳＤＳ和ＥＤＴＡ对酶活力无显著影响     

有氧溶液中博莱霉素A_5与铁的复合物的瞬态荧光的研究

利用停流仪观测到博莱霉素Ａ５、Ｆｅ２＋、氧形成的三元活性复合物,测得其激发波长为３２７．５ｎｍ,在ｐＨ７．４的ＰＢＳ中半衰期约９．３×１０２ｍｓ。中性及偏碱性ｐＨ有利于该活性复合物的形成,但其寿命随ｐＨ值升高而缩短。Ｆｅ３＋、Ｃｕ２＋、ＥＤＴＡ等物质对其形成有抑制作用。通过反应速率常数的比较表明,该活性复合物具有较强的氧化性,可被ＤＴＴ,ｐｈＣＯＯＮａ所清除,但不与甘露醇反应。该活性复合物具有一定的底物专一性,它与ＤＮＡ的反应活性远大于ＲＮＡ,对脱氧核糖的反应活性远大于其它单糖。它对４种碱基也有一定的反应活性,但远低于·ＯＨ。以上结果表明,该三元活性复合物是博莱霉素Ａ５切割ＤＮＡ反应的启动因子     

北京等四地区呼吸道合胞病毒分离株G蛋白基因的比较分析

为了解我国不同地区呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）感染特征是否与基因变异有关,对北京、广州、长春和河北四个地区不同流行特征中分离的ＲＳＶ毒株的Ｇ蛋白基因进行了序列分析。结果表明,该Ｇ蛋白基因同国外Ａ型亚原型株（Ａ２株）间存在显著差异,Ａ２株同分离株间的核苷酸同源性为９２．７－９３．６％,氨基酸同源性只有８８．３－８９．９％。分离株间的核苷酸同湃性为９６．０－９８．９％,氨基酸同源性９２．６－９７．７％。氨     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418